National Education AccountsTechnical Workshop -- January 25, 2013

Sandy Oleksy-Ojikutu, USAID,

sojikutu@usaid.gov

Phyllis Forbes, Creative Associates

phyllisf@creativedc.com

What Are National Education Accounts?

• Adapted from National Health Accounts

• Compare education expenditures to policy directions

• All sources of funding: public, private, donor

• Financing flow through education system

2

NEA Answers Four Key Questions:

1. Who is financing education?

2. How much do they spend?

3. How are funds distributed to education providers?

4. How are funds used?

3

4Nigeria SEA

Nigeria SEA

• Four States in Northern

states –Kano, Zamfara,

Bauchi and Sokoto

• Bauchi & Sokoto: two

rounds of SEA

• Similar cultures

• Different priorities

• Different expertise

Nigeria

+ Sub Account conducted on non-formal, Almajiri schools

5

Major Findings SEA

• Kano and Sokoto spent 29 and 26% of state budget on education

• Zamfara and Bauchi 17-18%. • Average per student expenditure was higher in

Sokoto than the other three states• 50% expenditures on primary school• About 20% private and 80% public sources 2005-

09, Bauchi was 43% private and 56% public in 2010

6

Significance of SEA

• Automated data base helps

• “Xray” for transparency and accountability

• Ability to compare – within State or between States

• Develop capacity of Ministry staff using evidence for decision making

• Speaks truth to power

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Financing Sources - Percent Public, Private, Donor

8

State Contribution to Education Funding

 

Kano05/06

Zamfara06/07

Bauchi08/09

Sokoto09/10

in Billions of Naira

Total Expenditure on Education In State 27.2 21.2 35.4 33.7Total Expenditure on Education By State 14.5 8.5 14.7 18

Total State Expenditures 49.2 47.9 83.4 68.4 Percent Total State Expenditures Allocated to Education 29% 18% 17% 26%

9

Average Expenditures: All Students, Public School & Private School

ALL students Public school Private school0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Kano 05/06 9.4m Zamfara 06/07 3.3mBauchi 08/09 4.7m Sokoto 09/10 3.7m

Nai

ra

Population:10

Comparison: Financing Sources Bauchi

Private26%

Public74%

Bauchi SY 08/09

11

Public56%

Private42%

World2%

Bauchi SY 10/11

Changes in financing sources from first SEA in SY 08/09 to second SEA in SY 0-10/11

Financing Sources

Federal State LGA Household Private Rest (Int'l & donor)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Kano 05/06

Zamfara 06/07

Bauchi 08/09

Sokoto 09/10 12

Distribution By Sectors

Capital In-vestment

Recurrent Personnel

Maintenance Transfer Recurrent Running

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Kano 05/06 Zamfara 06/07 Bauchi 08/09 Sokoto 09/10

13

Distribution to Providers: Education Level

preprimary Primary Secondary Tertiary Admin0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Kano 05/06 Zamfara 06/07 Bauchi 08/09 Sokoto 09/1014

Distribution to Providers: Public School & Private Schools

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Household Expenditures Compared Kano, Zamfara, Bauchi and Sokoto

Food

Transport

Uniforms

PTA

Books

School fees

Extra Classes

Other

Total

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

Zamfara Kano bauchi Sokoto National

Expenditure in Naira

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SEA: Sub Account Almajiri

• Qur’anic schools for young students, 1/3 are resident and 2/3 are fixed

• 1.6m students in Almajiri school in Kano vs. 2.m students in formal sector schools

• 50% non resident students were girls

• Parent contribution for Almajiri (N 2,800 per Almajiri student) slightly more than contribution to public schools (N 2,600)

• Salaries for teachers almost same as gifts to Almajiri (N114,143 for Imam vs. N151,145 mean primary teacher)

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• NEA completed by State

• Supported by Nigerian TA team

• Struggle through local data

• Working groups work

• Adapted from NHA

• Data Base useful for planning

Nigeria SEA – Significant Elements

• Bauchi increased State input from 17% to 26% State budget

• Zamfara reassigned teachers to rural areas and improved schools for girls

• Kano transferred funds from construction to maintenance to improve more schools

• Sokoto Governor initiated school inspections

Impact of SEA in Nigeria

USAID Experience with NEA

• USAID has funded 8 Accounts– Morocco– Kano– Zamfara– El Salvador– Bauchi I– Sokoto I– Bauchi II– Sokoto II

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• 4 Sub accounts– Kano Almajiri– Zamfara Almajiri\– Bauchi Almajiri– Sokoto Almajiri

Creative Associates has supported 11 of these studies,

RTI supported the El Salvador NEA

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Morocco NEA – first pilot

• Parent contribution (33%) – very important for future policy changes

• Lowest quintile spent 70% non food funds on education• Poor spent on access (transport etc.) vs. rich spent on quality

(schools and books)• Private schools: 5% students uses 20% funds• Decentralization of budget but not implementation• Rural spent on sending children to school – transportation,

uniforms, food • Urban spent on quality of education – private school, books,

tutors

Major Findings Morocco NEA

USAID NEA Approach

• Built on National Health Accounts model

• Builds local capacity

• Works closely with government and stakeholders

• Institutionalization critical • Forward Planning capacity supports

institutionalization

• Many features developed to promote more capacity and skill transfers

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• Just in time training

• State to state support

• Relational Data Base, Automated matrices and graphics

• Framework Document defines blue print and reinforces team work

• Data collectors and analysts from line offices

• Stakeholders and program directors involved

• Analytical workshop where data meets reality

• Report workshop to complete NEA

Significant NEA Features

Steering Committee

• Boundaries

• Policy

• Working

Group

Working Group

• Data

Map

• Analysis

• Final

Report

Core Data Group

• Data

collection

• Validation

• Analysis

NEA Organization

NEA Just-in-Time Training

Phase Training

Phase 1 - Local Buy in and organization

Orientation Framework (boundaries) Data mapping

Phase 2- Data Collection

Data collection (private, public & donor)Data entryValidation

Phase 3 - Analysis & Final Report

Data analysis Report Preparation

NEA Time Frame

27

Mon

th 1

Mon

th 2

Mon

th 3

Mon

th 4

Mon

th 5

Mon

th 6

Mon

th 8

Orientation

Final Report

FindingsData

Analysis

Data Validation

Data Collection

Framework

• Overview of Education System• Key Education Concerns/Issues• NEA Explained• Boundaries & Classifications • NEA Organization• Work Plan• Data Collection Plan• Evaluation Plan• Technical Assistance Plan

NEA Framework Document

ID Serial_no LGA__id Tframe_Id Sc_ID Ownership_Idnew Ownership_ID INS_id FS_id1 FS_id2 FS_id3

647Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue

648Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2007 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue

649Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue

650Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF

651Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF

652Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2007 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF

653Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF

654Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF

655Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF

656Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF

657Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF

658Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF

659Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue

660Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue

415 Anka LGC State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 2Rural Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF

NEA Data Base

Matrix 1: Sources of Education Financing Financing Sources Total Public Funds 27,963,967,474 Private Funds 7,288,754,499 Rest of World 1,338,173,550 Other 111,422,847 Grand Total 36,702,318,370

Matrix 1.1: Sources of Education Financing detailed by Source Financing Sources Financing Sources Total Public Funds Federal Govt 8,522,639,610   State Govt 18,317,000,748   Local Govt 1,124,327,116 Public Funds Total   27,963,967,474 Private Funds Household 5,922,844,104   NGO 166,266,837   Private Org 1,199,618,558   Faith Based 25,000 Private Funds Total   7,288,754,499 Rest of World International NGO 6,899,800   International Multilateral and Bilateral 1,331,273,750   International Religious and Charitable - Rest of World Total   1,338,173,550 Other   111,422,847 Grand Total   36,702,318,370

NEA Matrix