National National Government and Government and the 50 Statesthe 50 States

Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Section 2Section 2

Key TermsKey Terms Enabling ActEnabling Act Act of AdmissionAct of Admission Grants-in-aid programGrants-in-aid program Categorical GrantCategorical Grant Block GrantBlock Grant Project GrantProject Grant

Nation’s ObligationNation’s Obligation Constitution requires National Constitution requires National

Government to “Guarantee to every State Government to “Guarantee to every State in this Union a Republic Form of in this Union a Republic Form of Government”Government”

Any invasion of a State would be an Any invasion of a State would be an attack on the United Statesattack on the United States

1780 not sure that all states would stand 1780 not sure that all states would stand togethertogether

Federal Force assures each of 50 States Federal Force assures each of 50 States will keep the peace.will keep the peace.

Federal Force can restore disorderFederal Force can restore disorder 1960’s1960’s

Governor can call for federal troopsGovernor can call for federal troops 1967 “Long Hot Summer”1967 “Long Hot Summer” 1968 Chicago- (Democrat Convention)1968 Chicago- (Democrat Convention) 1992 Los Angeles1992 Los Angeles

Troops can help with disastersTroops can help with disasters

Respect Territorial Respect Territorial IntegrityIntegrity

National Government constitutionally bound National Government constitutionally bound to respect the territorial integrity of each Stateto respect the territorial integrity of each State

Admitting new StatesAdmitting new States 1780’s knew there would be more States1780’s knew there would be more States 1787 Northwest Ordinance1787 Northwest Ordinance North of Ohio river and west of New York, North of Ohio river and west of New York,

Virginia, PennsylvaniaVirginia, Pennsylvania Served as later basis for admitting new StatesServed as later basis for admitting new States

Admitting New StatesAdmitting New States Once a section reached a population of Once a section reached a population of

60,00060,000 Local self governmentLocal self government Civil and political rightsCivil and political rights Support for educationSupport for education

Congress and new StatesCongress and new States Only congress can admit a new StateOnly congress can admit a new State A new State can not be granted while taking A new State can not be granted while taking

territory from another State (Constitution)territory from another State (Constitution) Congress admitted 37 StatesCongress admitted 37 States 4 States: Kentucky, Tennessee, Maine, West 4 States: Kentucky, Tennessee, Maine, West

Virginia created from parts of existing StatesVirginia created from parts of existing States Took 15 years to organize a territoryTook 15 years to organize a territory

Admission ProcedureAdmission Procedure State asks CongressState asks Congress Enabling act- an act directing the people Enabling act- an act directing the people

of the territory to frame a proposed of the territory to frame a proposed ConstitutionConstitution

Territorial Convention proposes Territorial Convention proposes ConstitutionConstitution

Popular vote for approvalPopular vote for approval

If Congress approvesIf Congress approves Act of admission- passed by CongressAct of admission- passed by Congress An act creating a new StateAn act creating a new State President signsPresident signs New State enters the UnionNew State enters the Union 2 newest are Alaska and Hawaii (1959)2 newest are Alaska and Hawaii (1959)

Cooperative FederalismCooperative Federalism Broad shared powersBroad shared powers Federal GrantsFederal Grants

Grant-in-aid programs- federal monies or Grant-in-aid programs- federal monies or other resources to the State and their other resources to the State and their counties, and other local governmentscounties, and other local governments

Started 200 years agoStarted 200 years ago Received federal land grants for schools, Received federal land grants for schools,

colleges, roads, canalscolleges, roads, canals

1808 Congress gave the States 1808 Congress gave the States $200,000.00 to support militias (National $200,000.00 to support militias (National Guard)Guard)

Grant-in-aid based on the National Grant-in-aid based on the National Government’s taxing powerGovernment’s taxing power

Types of Federal GrantsTypes of Federal Grants Categorical grants- are made for some Categorical grants- are made for some

specific, closely defined purpose (school specific, closely defined purpose (school lunches, build an airport)lunches, build an airport)

Have strings attachedHave strings attached Use federal money for only the specific Use federal money for only the specific

purpose involvedpurpose involved Make its own matching contributionMake its own matching contribution Provide an agency to administer the grantProvide an agency to administer the grant Obey a set of guidelinesObey a set of guidelines

Block Grants-more widely usedBlock Grants-more widely used For more broadly defined purposesFor more broadly defined purposes

For healthcare, welfare, social servicesFor healthcare, welfare, social services Less stings attachedLess stings attached More freedom on how to spend the More freedom on how to spend the

moneymoney From the 1980’sFrom the 1980’s

Project GrantsProject Grants Congress provides the moneyCongress provides the money States, localities and sometimes private States, localities and sometimes private

agenciesagencies Grants for scientific researchGrants for scientific research

Other Forms of AidOther Forms of Aid FBI helps local policeFBI helps local police Army and Air force train the National Army and Air force train the National

GuardGuard

What is the propose of the enabling act.What is the propose of the enabling act.

Directs a territory desiring statehood to Directs a territory desiring statehood to draft a State constitutiondraft a State constitution

Why does the Federal government make Why does the Federal government make grant-in-aid to the states?grant-in-aid to the states?

Why are the grants controversial?Why are the grants controversial?

To help states run programs for their To help states run programs for their citizenscitizens

The conditions attached to the grants The conditions attached to the grants enables the federal Government to enables the federal Government to operate policy areas generally reserved operate policy areas generally reserved to the States, such as educationto the States, such as education