national ias academy super40 (booklet …...unesco world heritage sites in india vijayanagar branch:...

NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

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PRESENTS

SUPER 40 SERIES TOP 40 PDFS FOR UPSC PRELIMINARY EXAM 2019

BOOKLET NUMBER - 3

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE

SITES IN INDIA

VIJAYANAGAR BRANCH: #3444, ‘KARMA KOUSHALYA BHAVAN’, CHORD ROAD, OPPOSITE TO

ATTIGUPPE METRO STATION, VIJAYANAGAR, BANGALORE – 540040

JAYANAGAR BRANCH: LUCKY PARADISE, 2ND FLOOR, 8TH F MAIN ROAD, 22ND CROSS, OPPOSITE

TO ICICI BANK, 3RD BLOCK, JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE -560011


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UNESCO NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES

NAME YEAR IMPORTANCE

Great Himalayan National Park

Conservation Area

2014 Himachal Pradesh

Characterized by high alpine peaks,

alpine meadows and riverine forests.

part of the Himalaya biodiversity

hotspot

includes twenty-five forest types

Kaziranga National Park 1985

Assam

world‟s largest population of one-

horned rhinoceroses

southern bank of Brahmaputra River at

the foot of the Mikir Hills

Keoladeo National Park

1985

Rajasthan

Major wintering areas for large

numbers of aquatic birds from

Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and

Siberia

Manas

1985 Assam

Tiger reserve famous for Tigers,

pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros & Indian

elephant.

Nanda Devi and Valley of

Flowers National parks

1988 Uttarakhand

Famous for its meadows of endemic

alpine flowers

Asiatic black bear, snow leopard,

brown bear and blue sheep

Sundarbans National Park

1987 West Bengal

40% is in India and the rest in

Bangladesh

It is in Ganges Delta

World‟s largest area of Mangrove

forests

National Park + Tiger Reserve +

Biosphere Reserve

Bengal Tigers + Salt water crocodiles

Western Ghats 2012 Older than the Himalaya mountains

influence the Indian monsoon weather

pattern

one of the world‟s eight „hottest

hotspots‟ of biological diversity


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UNESCO MIXED WORLD HERITAGE SITES


Kanchenzanga National Park

2016 both natural and cultural heritage value.

unique example of coexistence and

exchange between different religious

traditions and people.

combines religious and cultural practices

of Buddhism as well as the ecological

significance of the region.

unique diversity of lowlands, steep

valleys and snow-clad mountains.

world‟s third highest peak, Mt.

Khangchendzonga

UNESCO CULTURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES


Agra Fort 1983 Uttar Pradesh

On the banks of River Yamuna

It is near the gardens of Taj Mahal

16th

century monument comprises of:

o Jahangir Palace

o Shish Mahal

o Khas Mahal

o Octagonal tower of

Muhammam Burj

o Audience halls (Diwan-i-khas

and Diwan-i-Am)

o White marble mosques (Moti

Masjid, Nagina Masjid)

Ajanta Caves

1983

Maharashtra

Depicts life of Buddha

Built in 2 phases → 1st in 2nd and 1st

centuries B.C.

2nd during Gupta period (5th and 6th

centuries A.D.)

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi

1989

Madhya Pradesh

group of Buddhist monuments

Oldest Buddhist sanctuary in existence

dated 2nd & 1st centuries BC


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Champaner-Pavagadh

Archaeological Park

2004

Gujarat

Kalikamata Temple on top of Pavagadh

Hill

site is the only complete and

unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

(formerly Victoria Terminus)

2004 Maharashtra

Designed by Frederick William

Stevens

Was named “Victoria Terminus” in

honor of the Queen Victoria

Style combines the Venetian Gothic

popular in England

Reflects some elements of Indian

architechure

Built in local red sandstone

Churches and Convents of

Goa

1986 Goa

Known as the „Rome of the Orient‟

Most famous is Church of Bom Jesus,

which contains the tomb of St Francis

Xavier

Elephanta Caves

1987 Maharashtra

2 group of caves - 1st is a large group

of five Hindu caves - Older than the

Himalaya mountains - the second a

smaller group of two Buddhist caves,

located on Elephanta Island near

Mumbai – By Rashtrakutas

rock cut stone sculptures dedicated to

god Shiva

Contains famous 7-metre-high trimurti

“Sadashiva” – shown in 3 roles of

creator, preserver and destroyer

Ellora Caves 1983 Maharashtra

A cultural mix of religious arts of

Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism

Dating from A.D. 600 to 1000 ,

contains famous shiv temple

“Kailasha” built by Rashtrakutas

Fatehpur Sikri 1986 Uttar Pradesh

Built during the second half of the 16th

century by the Emperor Akbar

Fatehpur Sikri (the City of Victory)

was the capital of the Mughal Empire


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for only some 10 years

Includes Buland Darwaja, tomb of

Saint Salim Chisti, Jodha Bai Palace,

Jama Masjid, Ibadat Khana, Panch

Mahal, Dewan-i-Amm & Dewan-i-

Khas, Birbal palace

Great Living Chola Temples 1987 Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur

(Rajaraja)

Brihadisvara Temple at

Gangaikondacholisvaram (Rajendra 1)

Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram

(Rajaraja 2)

Group of Monuments at Hampi 1986 Karnataka

Capital of the last great Hindu

Kingdom of Vijayanagar

located in Tungabhadra basin

Vitthla temple & Pattabhirama temple

Group of Monuments at

Mahabalipuram

1984 Tamil Nadu

Founded by the Pallava kings

Rathas (Temples in form of chariots)

Mandapas (cave sanctuaries)

Descent of the Ganges

Also known as Seven pagodas

Group of Monuments at

Pattadakal

1987 Karnataka

Built during 7th and 8th centuries

under Chalukya dynasty

9 Hindu temples & a Jain sanctuary

Temple of Virupaksha built by Queen

Lokamahadevi

Hill Forts of Rajasthan 2013 Rajasthan

Majestic forts in Chittorgarh,

Kumbhagarh, Sawai Madhopur,

Jhalawar, Jaipur and Jaisalmer

Humayun‟s Tomb 1993 Delhi

built by Haji Begum, wife of

Humayun, in 1570

was the first garden – tomb on the

Indian subcontinent

also known as precursor of Taj Mahal


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Khajuraho Group of

Monuments

1986 Madhya Pradesh

Belong to two different religions –

Hinduism and Jainism

built during the Chandella dynasty

(Rajput descent)

Temple of Kandariya → Most famous

monument by King Ganda

Mahabodhi Temple Complex

at Bodh Gaya

2002 Bihar

attainment of Enlightenment

1st temple was built by Emperor Asoka

in 300 B.C.

present temple dates till 5th & 6th

centuries (Gupta era)

Mountain Railways of India 1999 includes Darjeeling Himalayan

Railway, West Bengal, NilGiri

Mountain Railway,Ooty (Tamil Nadu)

& Kalka – Shimla Railway, Himachal

Pradesh

Qutb Minar and its Monuments 1993 Delhi

Built in early 13th century

Construction was started initially by

Qutabuddin Aibak and completed by

Iltumish

Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen‟s

Stepwell) at Patan

2014 Gujarat

Lies on the banks of the Saraswati river

and built in 300 BC

Designed as an inverted temple

highlighting the sanctity of water

it is divided into seven levels of

stairs with sculptural panels of high

artistic quality;

Red Fort Complex 2007 Delhi

built in the 17th Century by Shahjahan

has been fortified by an enclosure wall

built with red sandstone, hence the

name Red Fort

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka 2003 Madhya Pradesh

foothills of Vindya range

earliest known traces of human life in

India

Known for Stone age rock shelters &


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paintings dated back till 9000 years

Sun Temple, Konark 1984 Odisha

A 13th Century Sun Temple

located on the east coast of the Bay of

Bengal in Mahanadi Delta

built in the form of Chariot of Surya

the Sun god with 24 wheels

heavily decorated with symbolic stone

carvings, led by a team of six horses

Taj Mahal 1983 Mausoleum of white marble on banks

of the Yamuna River

Built in Agra by Shahjaha in memory

of his favorite wife Mumtaz

Jantar Mantar, Jaipur 2010 built by Maharaja Jai Singh between

1727 and 1734

collection of architectural astronomical

instruments

Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda

University)

2016 Bihar

archaeological remains of a monastic

and scholastic institution

dating from the 3rd century BCE to the

13th century CE

includes stupas, shrines, viharas

(residential and educational

buildings)and important art works in

stucco, stone and metal.

The Capitol Complex in

Chandigarh

2016 Chandigarh

includes the Legislative Assembly,

Secretariat and High Court.

designed by French architect Le

Corbusier, in the 1950s when the city

was constructed as a symbol of

independent, modern India.

The Historic City of

Ahmadabad in Ahmedabad

2017 Gujarat

founded by Sultan Ahmad Shah in the

15th century

on the eastern bank of the Sabarmati

river

National IAS Academy

www.nationalias.com

9632334466, 9632334488

Lucky Paradise, 2nd floor,

8th 'F' main road, 22nd cross,

Opp. ICICI bank,

3rd Block, Jayanagar,

Bangalore – 560011

http://www.nationalias.com/


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