National Institute of Materials Physics

Atomistilor 105 bis, Magurele, 077125 Romania, www/infim.ro

1

Summary

1.Short history

2.General presentation

3.Major project

4.Development plan

2

1. Short history

1949-foundation at Magurele of the Institute of Physics of the Romanian Academy

1956-the Institute of Physics separates from the Institute of Atomic Physics and moves to Bucharest

1974-the Institute of Physics moves back to Magurele

1977-part of the Institute of Physics transforms into the Institute of Physics and Technology of Materials (IPTM)

1996-the IPTM is transformed by Government decision into the National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP)

3

Acad. Eugen Badarau together with the Nobel Prize winner Sir C. V.

Raman and his wife (1958)

International Conference on Amorphous

Chalcogenides-under the honorary presidency of Acad. Radu Grigorovici

(2001)

4

5

2. General presentation

Scope

Basic and applied research in the field of:condensed matter physicsadvanced functional materialsnanomaterials and nanostructures

Educational activities:diplomasmaster dissertationsPhD thesis

Services:advanced characterizationprototypesconsultancy

6

Present organization

5 research laboratories with 9 research teams:•L10-Multifunctional Materials and Structures

•Functional nanostructures•Complex Heterostructures and Perovskite Oxides

•L20-Magnetism and Superconductivity•Electronic Correlations and Magnetism•Superconductivity

•L30-Physics of Condensed Matter at Nanoscale•Si- and Ge –based nanomaterials and Nanostructures•Surfaces, interfaces, thin films and single crystals. X-ray / electron spectroscopies and diffraction •Theory

•L40-Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials•L50-Laboratory of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials

2 certified laboratories:•Laboratory for chemical analysis of advanced materials (MAAS)•Laboratory for testing infrared detectors (INDETIR)

7

Infrastructure

Some 15 millions euro invested in new equipments:

10 millions from structural funds

3 millions from Capacity type projects (national funds)

2 millions from other projects

8

JEOL JEM ARM 200F Cs-corrected Analytical High-Resolution

Transmission Electron Microscope

Clean room

SEM-FIB

9

RF-sputtering with in-situ characterization techniques: Auger, ellipsometry

PLD with excimer laser

Complex cluster for surface physics: MBE, RHEED, STM, XPS, LEEM

Growth methods:- Wet chemical (sol-gel, solution bath deposition, Langmuir-Blodgett); chemomechanical (high energy ball milling); standard ceramic technology; spark plasma sintering; hot pressing; pulling machines for single crystals growth; hydrothermal and solvothermal growth; electrodeposition; melt spinning; MBE; RF-sputtering, PLD; clean room for nanostructures fabrications (photolithography, electron beam lithography, FIB).

10

SEM with Cathodoluminiscence

Characterization:-structural: XRD; SEM; Raman; RES; Moessbauer; TEM, AFM, SPM-physical properties: magnetism (VSM, MOKE, PPMS, SQUID); optical (luminescence, fluorescence, transmission-absorption-reflectivity, ellipsometry,near field optical microscopy); dielectric; superconducting; semiconductor (Hall); electric-photoelectric; ferroelectric and piezoelectric; trap investigations (DLTS); THz spectroscopy; broad band dielectric spectroscopy; a cluster for surface physics (XPS, SARPES, ARUPS, STM); a XAS spectrometer for EXAFS and XANES studies; etc.

Network analyser

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Human resources

Total number of employees (at end of 2011): 243

Total number of peoples involved in research activities:193, among which:97 senior researchers (49 rank 1, equivalent prof.)56 junior and assistant researchers40 engineers and technicians

Total number of peoples with PhD title:108

Total number of PhD students:25

Total number of peoples involved in auxiliary services:50

Average age:44.3 years

12

Funding

Running projects (at the beginning of 2012)- national:

30 projects (about 4,5 million euro for 2012)involved in 2 prospective projects, one on Physics and one on Nanotechnology

- international:17 projects (about 0,5 million euro for 2012)

- private sector:3 contracts (about 20,000 euro)

Previous record for projects (2008-present):- national:

200 projects as coordinator or partner- international:

16 projects- private sector:

27 contracts- structural and cohesion funds

1 project (about 10 million euro between 2009 and 2011)Average funding per year (2008-2011):

some 11 millions euro

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Publications

Field: Institutions Record Count % of 42895 Bar Chart Data rows displayed

in table

All data rows

UNIV BUCHAREST 7060 16.459 %

UNIV POLITEHN

BUCURESTI4259 9.929 %

ACAD ROMANA 1883 4.390 %

NATL INST MAT

PHYS1751 4.082 %

INST ATOM PHYS 1720 4.010 %

ROMANIAN ACAD 1633 3.807 %

IST NAZL FIS NUCL 882 2.056 %

NATL INST LASER

PLASMA RADIAT

PHYS

868 2.024 %

ACAD ECON

STUDIES859 2.003 %

NATL INST PHYS

NUCL ENGN753 1.755 %

Field: Institutions Record Count % of 42895 Bar Chart Data rows displayed

in table

All data rows

( 6015 Institutions value(s) outside display options.)

(32 records(0.075%) do not contain data in the field being analyzed.)

1990-2012, Bucharest, Romania

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Field: Institutions Record Count % of 17356 Bar Chart Data rows

displayed in table

All data rows

UNIV POLITEHN

BUCURESTI3241 18.674 %

UNIV BUCHAREST 2501 14.410 %

ACAD ROMANA 1431 8.245 %

NATL INST MAT

PHYS720 4.148 %

ACAD ECON

STUDIES667 3.843 %

CAROL DAVILA UNIV

MED PHARM568 3.273 %

BUCHAREST ACAD

ECON STUDIES422 2.431 %

NATL INST LASER

PLASMA RADIAT

PHYS

385 2.218 %

UNIV MED PHARM

CAROL DAVILA372 2.143 %

NATL INST PHYS

NUCL ENGN315 1.815 %

Field: Institutions Record Count % of 17356 Bar Chart Data rows

displayed in table

All data rows

( 3564 Institutions value(s) outside display options.)

(12 records(0.069%) do not contain data in the field being analyzed.)

2008-2012, Bucharest, Romania

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The average number of articles published per year:160 in the last five years

16

Field: Source Titles Record Count % of 503 Bar Chart Data rows displayed

in table

All data rows

PHYSICAL REVIEW B 28 5.567 %

PHYSICA C

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

AND ITS

APPLICATIONS

23 4.573 %

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS

AND COMPOUNDS17 3.380 %

THIN SOLID FILMS 17 3.380 %

APPLIED SURFACE

SCIENCE16 3.181 %

JOURNAL OF APPLIED

PHYSICS16 3.181 %

SUPERCONDUCTOR

SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY

15 2.982 %

JOURNAL OF NON

CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS10 1.988 %

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS

CONFERENCE SERIES10 1.988 %

OPTICAL MATERIALS 10 1.988 %

Field: Source Titles Record Count % of 503 Bar Chart Data rows displayed

in table

All data rows

( 74 Source Titles value(s) outside display options.)

Presence in international journals (2008-2011)

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Front covers in international journals

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International collaborations

-International projects (FP, Euratom, COST, SCOPES, EUROCORE, NATO, etc.)

-Large research infrastructures: partners in two RD projects launched by CERN:

•RD48-Research and development on silicon for future experiments•RD50-Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders

Bilateral cooperation with over 60 research institutions and universities from all over the world:

Germany, France, UK, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Moldavia, Ukraine, Russia, China, Japan, Australia, USA, etc.

About 50 % of the published articles are results of international collaborations.

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International visibility

SCImago Institutions Rankings 2009 World Report

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WR Institution Sector Output IC(%) Q1(

%)

NI Spe Exc.

1755 Universitatea de Vest Timisoara HE 682 28 28.7 1 0.9 5.7

1955 Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of

Iasi

HE 1385 28.2 17 0.9 0.9 5

1974 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca HE 1294 26 9.9 0.9 0.8 2

2002 Alexandru Ioan Cuza University HE 1518 41.5 26.7 0.88 0.8 4.7

2018 Politehnica University of Timisoara HE 1269 28.2 13 0.88 0.9 3.8

2083 Babes-Bolyai University HE 2697 46.1 26.8 0.85 0.8 5.5

2212 Institute of Atomic Physics GO 2988 64.2 38.1 0.8 0.9 6.8

2231 University of Craiova HE 773 23.2 10.7 0.8 0.9 2.3

2351 University of Bucharest HE 1870 48 31.9 0.75 0.8 7.4

2393 Romanian Academy GO 2134 46.7 30.6 0.73 0.9 7.5

2825 Politehnica University of Bucharest HE 4139 26.1 11.1 0.49 0.9 1.5

IC-international collaborations (publications % from total output)

Q1-percentage of publications in top 25 % journals

NI-normalized impact (an average of 1 is for the world)

Spe.-the degree of specialization (maximum is 1)

Exc.-the excellence rate, (percentage of output in top 10 % most cited papers in the field)

SIR World Report 2011 :: Normalized Impact Reporthttp://www.scimagoir.com/pdf/sir_2011_world_report_ni.pdf

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3. Major project

Multifunctional materials: from bulk to nanostructures

Aim: the gradual passage from mainly bulk materials (single crystals and ceramics) to mainly thin films and

nano-objects of various formsDuration: 2007-2012

Funding: Core Program, Capacities, Structural Funds, Ideas, Partnership, CEEX projects related to nano-stuff

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Previous

Bulk crystals (III-V compounds, optical crystals) and ceramics (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3,

(Ba,Sr)TiO3, YBCO, different types of ferrites, etc.);Some thin films, mainly chalcogenides (PbS, CdS, etc.) deposited by vacuumevaporation or wet chemical methods

Dielectric resonators from BZTBulk PZT ceramics

Applications for IR detection usingPbS thin films (photoresistors) orbulk PZT ceramics (pyroelectricdetectors array)

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Plan for change

1. Infrastructure• Purchase of equipments for fabrication of thin films and nanostructures

(clean room with FIB and nano-lithography, magnetron sputtering, PLD,MBE, electrochemistry)

• Purchase of equipment for characterization of nanomaterials, thin films,nanostructures (HR-TEM, SEM, various types of SPM’s, PEEM-LEEM,micro-Raman, different techniques for surface/interfacecharacterization, etc.)

2. Encouraging of the personnel to approach research topic related tonanomaterials, nanostructures and thin films3. Development of suitable techniques to obtain nano-objects with controlledform and size (e.g. template methods, as well as self assembling methods4. Training of the personnel to learn the new fabrication and characterizationtechniques5. Encouraging the publication of the results in international journals,preferably with large visibility (e.g. journals with higher influence score)

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Multi-segment nanowires based photodetectors

Template method

Nanoporous membranes+electrochemical deposition

nanowire photodetectors (photoconductors, photodiodes) of up to 80 nm diametersingle bath deposition-easy to transfer to industry

SEM-EDX analysis of the CdTe

nanowires

Results

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Carbon nanotubes and composites

Electrochemical properties: n

type doping, functionalization

with organic compounds and

polymersCarbon 47, 1389,2009

Polymer/CNT compositesPolymer48,5279,2007

Semiconductor/CNT compositesJ.Phys. Cond. Mat. 21,445801, 2009

Applications

Energy storage Non-linear opticsSmall 2,1075, 2006 Phys. Rev. B72, 245402, 2005

Chemical properties: p

type doping,

functionalizationCarbon 40,2201, 2002

Physical properties

investigated by optical

methodsChem.Phys.Lett. 406,222,2005

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Synthesis of luminescent, cubic ZnS:Mn nanocrystals.

• Luminescent ZnS cubic nanocrystals, doped with Mn2+ions, were prepared by wet synthesis in the presence of a non-toxic surfactant.

• Self assembling results in a mesoporous structure, with a high crystallinity and narrow size distribution centered on dm= 2nm.

1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.80

10

20

30

40

50

60

Nu

mb

er

of

pa

rtic

les

Diameter (nm)

dm= 2.03 ± 0.05

= 1.3 ± 0.1

20 30 40 50 60 70

0 2 4 6 8 10

I (a

.u.)

2 CuK

dcorr

= 3.6 nm

I (a

.u.)

2 CuK

111

220

311

330 340 350 360 370 380

3340 3360 3380

Mn2+

(I)

Magnetic field (mT)

X(9.87 GHz) band

(a)

(b)

Mn2+

(II)

Mn2+

(III)

W (94.03 GHz) band

EPR spectra (multi-frequency)

indicate: substitutional Mn2+ ions, (Mn(I)

center) + surface centers Mn(II) si Mn (III).

- Mn2+ ions are substitutions in Zn2+ nods

next to extended defects as twins (T) or

stacking faults (SF).

HRTEM images

Showing the presence of defects.

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TiO2 NANOCRYSTALS AND NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS

FOR PHOTO-CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC

POLLUTANTS

TEM images of TiO2

nanocrystals.

Phenol conversion degree CPh (%) after

5 h of UV illumination ( = 312 nm) for

the hydrotermally synthesized TiO2

samples; 2M and 0.2 M are the initial

Phenol concentrations.

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Metallic micro and nanotubes

Auto-catalytic deposition using the template method

Copper tubes prepared by

electroless deposition in ion track

templates

B. Bercu, I. Enculescu, R.Spohr

Nuclear Instruments and

Methods in Physics B, Vol 225/4

497-502 (2004)

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SELF - ASSEMBLED CORE_SHELL COLLOIDAL MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

Breakthrough in data storage,

biomedicine, catalysis and nanoelectronics

Principle of the self-assembly Core-shell Ag-Co

nanoparticlesCo2(CO)8+2AgClO4 2Ag+Co+8CO+Co(ClO4)2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

100 150 200 250 300

0.56

0 .60

0 .64

0 .68

M (

em

u x

10

- 4 )

T (°C )

D ecoupling o f ZFC and FC

M (

em

u x

10

- 4 )

T (°C)

ZFC

FC

applied field: 0.001 T

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

4

8

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

1

2

3

4

M (

emu

/g)

H (T)

75 K

293 K

fit to eq. 4

M (

em

u/g

)

H (T)

4.5 K

10 K

25 K

50 K

75 K

293 K

Tk

HM

Tk

HLMM

B

FMFM

sat

B

SPMSPM

sattot3

APPLICATIONS

Magnetic-conducting bimetallic nanosystems that exhibit GMR effect

Use of patterned substrates with logic capabilities

2D regular arrays of GMR nanosensors on a single chip may be achieved!

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Ferroelectric-ZnO heterostructures based on

nanometric thin films

SEM image (left) and C-V characteristics at different

temperatures (right)

Application: non-volatile memories

Temperature induced change in the hysteretic behavior of the capacitancevoltage characteristics of Pt–ZnO–

Pb„Zr0.2Ti0.8…O3–Pt heterostructures, L. Pintilie, C. Dragoi, R. Radu, A. Costinoaia, V. Stancu, and I. Pintilie,

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 96, 012903 (2010)

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Consequences

An increased number of articlespublished in journals with highimpact factor

An increased atractivity for youngresearchers (around 30 newemployees in the last 4 years,including from Diaspora)

An increased atractivity for international collaborations (NIMP had becomepartner in new FP7, Euratom, EUROCORE, COST, SCOPES, etc. projects);researchers from abroad start to come and work at NIMP (e.g. short workstages of PhD students from Latvia, France, Turkey, post-docs from UK, seniorresearchers from India, China)

NIMP had become an important player not only at national level, but also atEuropean level

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4. Development plan

Main research directions:

Condensed matter physics – phenomena and

processes in nanosized systems, surfaces and

interfaces;

Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and

nanostructures;

Functional materials and structures of technological

impact.

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A. FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

•Size effects in nano-objects and quantum structures;

•The role of surface and interface in structured materials;

•Electronic correlations and magnetic interactions;

•Modeling and simulation of the microstructure dynamics through

computational physics methods;

•The field-matter interaction at micro and nanoscale.

B. NANOSTRUCTURES AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

B1. Materials for energy

•generation, conversion, transport and storage;

•alloys and compounds for nuclear fusion and fission reactors.

B2. Materials with applications in hi-tech industry

•materials for high frequency electronics;

•materials for optolectronics, transparent electronics and spintronics;

•materials for information processing and storage;

•sensoristics for automatizations and control, security.

B3. Materials with applications to biomedicine and environment protection

•bio-compatible and/or bio-functional materials;

•bio-sensors, chemical sensors and (photo)-catalysts.

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Main goals for the next 5 years:

-Consolidation of the leading position in the research landscape of Romania, especially in the fieldof condensed matter physics and nanomaterials;

-Fostering the human resources by employing best Romanian young researchers and by attractingmore actively young researchers from abroad to work in the institute (exchange with foreigninstitutions or positions inside the projects run by NIMP);

-Intensive use of the new research infrastructure both for national/international projects but alsoas part of a pan-European research structure based on “open access for excellence”;

-Fostering international collaboration, increasing the international visibility and the impact of theresearch results (mainly in terms of publications in journals with high impact factor and in terms ofcitations);

-Stabilization of the funding scheme (with the help of the National Authority for ScientificResearch), doubled by an increased share of third party funds (international and private sector);

-2008-2011 was a period of mainly quantitative accumulations, mainly infrastructure; 2012-2016should be a period of qualitative progress in terms of human resources, results andinternational visibility

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Main projects for the next years

Setting up a distributed research infrastructure involving Partner Centers from

Central and East Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Italy, Serbia,

Hungary, Croatia, Poland)-named C-ERIC

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Setting up a category II UNESCO institute, working in close collaboration with the Abdus

Salam Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (the headquarter will be in the

Otetelesanu Castle, currently under reconstruction)-naqmed CIFRAP (CENTRE

INTERNATIONAL DE FORMATION ET DE RECHERCHE AVANCEES EN PHYSIQUE)

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Partner in the Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), the

Romanian pillar of ELI (the other two pillars are hosted in Hungary and the Czech

Republic)

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NIMP in European context

NIMP became comparable to leading institutes, with similar research topics,

from other former communist countries, in terms of:

•Infrastructure

•Research output

• International collaborations

Examples:

Institute of Molecular Physics (Polish Academy of Science)

http://www.ifmpan.poznan.pl/generali.php

Institute of Physics of Materials (Academy of Science of the Czech

Republic)

http://www.ipm.cz/general-information.html

(developing now a Central European Institute of Technology with money from

Structural Funds)

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Regarding the research institutions from western countries, NIMP becamecomparable with many of them in terms of infrastructure, human resourcesand international collaborations;Still it is work to be done in terms of scientific output (publication in highlyranked journals), scientific impact and visibility (citations) and ability toattract third party funds (EC programs, private sector).

Institute of Materials Science, National Center of Scientific Research“Demokritos”, Greecehttp://www.ims.demokritos.gr/index.php?lang=en

Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Portugalhttp://www.centi.pt/

Institute of Materials Science, CSIC, Barcelona, Spainhttp://www.icmab.es/icmab/gralinfo/indicators.html

Institute for Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society, Halle, Germanyhttp://www.mpi-halle.mpg.de/

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We are on a good track;

Fostering the quality of the research results NIMP can

become a centre for excellence in scientific research at

international level