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National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013

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Page 1: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014Report for the audit period 2013

The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery of high quality patient care by setting standards of medical practice and promoting clinical excellence We provide physicians in the United Kingdom and overseas with education training and support throughout their careers As an independent body representing over 27500 fellows and members worldwide we advise and work with government the public patients and other professions to improve health and healthcare

Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) is the trusted source of authoritative data and information relating to health and care HSCICs information data and systems play a fundamental role in driving better care better services and better outcomes for patients HSCIC managed the publication of this Annual Report

The Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP)The National Audit of Lung Cancer is commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) as part of the National Clinical Audit Programme (NCA) HQIP is led by a consortium of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges the Royal College of Nursing and National Voices Its aim is to promote quality improvement and in particular to increase the impact that clinical audit has on healthcare quality in England and Wales HQIP holds the contract to manage and develop the NCA Programme comprising more than 30 clinical audits that cover care provided to people with a wide range of medical surgical and mental health conditions The programme is funded by NHS England the Welsh Government and with some individual audits also funded by the Health Department of the Scottish Government DHSSPS Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 3

Report for the audit period 2013

National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 4

Contents

Acknowledgements 5

Foreword 6

Purpose 7

Key Messages 8

Recommendations 9

England and Wales 9

Scotland 9

Accuracy of Data In This Report 10

Healthcare Organisation Participation 10

Population Coverage 11

Data Field Completeness 11

Standards of Care 13

Overall Standards of Care 13

Standards of Care for Organisations 17

Interpretation of the Data 17

Understanding Variation 17

Converting the Data into Service Improvement 17

Focus on Organisational Analysis 38

Focus on Demographics 41

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist 44

Focus On Mortality and Survival 45

Focus on Co-Morbidity 48

The Importance of Co-Morbidity 48

Methods of Recording Co-Morbidity 49

Lung Function 49

Case Mix Adjustment 49

What Does the Data Tell Us 50

Tertiary Centres 53

Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts 53

Appendices 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales 54

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan 56

Appendix 3 References 59

Appendix 4 Glossary 60

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 5

The National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) Project Team Mick Peake Paul Beckett Ian Woolhouse Kimberley Greenaway Arthur Yelland Claire Meace and Anne Cerchione would like to thank all the organisations that have made this report possible These include the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) The Royal College of Physicians (The RCP) Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) The University of Nottingham The Cancer Information System Cymru (CaNISC) Informing Healthcare (Wales) Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) South-East Scotland Cancer Network (SCAN) North of Scotland Cancer Network (NoSCAN) West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) Thanks must also go to all the lung cancer teams who have contributed data to the audit as without their considerable efforts this report would not be possible

Acknowledgements

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 6

It is rewarding for all involved to see the publication of this the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) The lung cancer clinical community have come a long way over the period since the first report was published with significant improvements being seen in the organisation and quality of services in the UK and now a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network1 has shown a significant improvement in survival I believe the NLCA has been an important factor in driving these improvements and has certainly changed the culture of the professionals involved An external report commissioned by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation2 has demonstrated the wider impact of the audit An important factor has been that the data has been open to the public from the outset and information on the performance of each hospital in England and Wales is available to patients and the public in a user-friendly way in a lsquoLung Cancer Maprsquo accessible via the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundationrsquos website3

The population coverage and data completeness for 2013 are impressive with again every hospital entering data and as near as we can estimate data being recorded on 1000 per cent of all patients who get to secondary care The completeness levels of the key fields of Performance Status Stage and Treatment are nearing 950 per cent a tribute to all those in the Multi-Disciplinary Teams around the nation who assiduously collect the data The year-on-year improvements in the headline indicators that we have seen over previous years have as one might predict begun to plateau although there continue to be improvements in the proportion of patients seen by a Clinical Nurse Specialist (now at 840 per cent) A new feature this year is an organisational audit which we believe adds important contextual information to the activity and performance data

The range and depth of data that are becoming available as a result of the redevelopment of the National Cancer Registration Service and the establishment of the National Cancer Intelligence Network is radically changing the context in which we work and in which the NLCA was first conceived and developed around 15 years ago So now is a time for reflection and re-design At the time of writing a re-tendering process is underway for the NLCA and it is not certain at this stage which organisation will be commissioned to take it forward Whoever is appointed to take over the management of the audit will be building on a very sound base and will have the opportunity to find novel ways of supporting commissioners providers and the public in their efforts to continue to drive up standards of care and patient outcomes which after all is what it is all about

Mick Peake Clinical Lead National Lung Cancer Audit

Foreword

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

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Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

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Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

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Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 2: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery of high quality patient care by setting standards of medical practice and promoting clinical excellence We provide physicians in the United Kingdom and overseas with education training and support throughout their careers As an independent body representing over 27500 fellows and members worldwide we advise and work with government the public patients and other professions to improve health and healthcare

Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) is the trusted source of authoritative data and information relating to health and care HSCICs information data and systems play a fundamental role in driving better care better services and better outcomes for patients HSCIC managed the publication of this Annual Report

The Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP)The National Audit of Lung Cancer is commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) as part of the National Clinical Audit Programme (NCA) HQIP is led by a consortium of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges the Royal College of Nursing and National Voices Its aim is to promote quality improvement and in particular to increase the impact that clinical audit has on healthcare quality in England and Wales HQIP holds the contract to manage and develop the NCA Programme comprising more than 30 clinical audits that cover care provided to people with a wide range of medical surgical and mental health conditions The programme is funded by NHS England the Welsh Government and with some individual audits also funded by the Health Department of the Scottish Government DHSSPS Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 3

Report for the audit period 2013

National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 4

Contents

Acknowledgements 5

Foreword 6

Purpose 7

Key Messages 8

Recommendations 9

England and Wales 9

Scotland 9

Accuracy of Data In This Report 10

Healthcare Organisation Participation 10

Population Coverage 11

Data Field Completeness 11

Standards of Care 13

Overall Standards of Care 13

Standards of Care for Organisations 17

Interpretation of the Data 17

Understanding Variation 17

Converting the Data into Service Improvement 17

Focus on Organisational Analysis 38

Focus on Demographics 41

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist 44

Focus On Mortality and Survival 45

Focus on Co-Morbidity 48

The Importance of Co-Morbidity 48

Methods of Recording Co-Morbidity 49

Lung Function 49

Case Mix Adjustment 49

What Does the Data Tell Us 50

Tertiary Centres 53

Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts 53

Appendices 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales 54

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan 56

Appendix 3 References 59

Appendix 4 Glossary 60

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 5

The National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) Project Team Mick Peake Paul Beckett Ian Woolhouse Kimberley Greenaway Arthur Yelland Claire Meace and Anne Cerchione would like to thank all the organisations that have made this report possible These include the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) The Royal College of Physicians (The RCP) Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) The University of Nottingham The Cancer Information System Cymru (CaNISC) Informing Healthcare (Wales) Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) South-East Scotland Cancer Network (SCAN) North of Scotland Cancer Network (NoSCAN) West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) Thanks must also go to all the lung cancer teams who have contributed data to the audit as without their considerable efforts this report would not be possible

Acknowledgements

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 6

It is rewarding for all involved to see the publication of this the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) The lung cancer clinical community have come a long way over the period since the first report was published with significant improvements being seen in the organisation and quality of services in the UK and now a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network1 has shown a significant improvement in survival I believe the NLCA has been an important factor in driving these improvements and has certainly changed the culture of the professionals involved An external report commissioned by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation2 has demonstrated the wider impact of the audit An important factor has been that the data has been open to the public from the outset and information on the performance of each hospital in England and Wales is available to patients and the public in a user-friendly way in a lsquoLung Cancer Maprsquo accessible via the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundationrsquos website3

The population coverage and data completeness for 2013 are impressive with again every hospital entering data and as near as we can estimate data being recorded on 1000 per cent of all patients who get to secondary care The completeness levels of the key fields of Performance Status Stage and Treatment are nearing 950 per cent a tribute to all those in the Multi-Disciplinary Teams around the nation who assiduously collect the data The year-on-year improvements in the headline indicators that we have seen over previous years have as one might predict begun to plateau although there continue to be improvements in the proportion of patients seen by a Clinical Nurse Specialist (now at 840 per cent) A new feature this year is an organisational audit which we believe adds important contextual information to the activity and performance data

The range and depth of data that are becoming available as a result of the redevelopment of the National Cancer Registration Service and the establishment of the National Cancer Intelligence Network is radically changing the context in which we work and in which the NLCA was first conceived and developed around 15 years ago So now is a time for reflection and re-design At the time of writing a re-tendering process is underway for the NLCA and it is not certain at this stage which organisation will be commissioned to take it forward Whoever is appointed to take over the management of the audit will be building on a very sound base and will have the opportunity to find novel ways of supporting commissioners providers and the public in their efforts to continue to drive up standards of care and patient outcomes which after all is what it is all about

Mick Peake Clinical Lead National Lung Cancer Audit

Foreword

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 3: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 3

Report for the audit period 2013

National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 4

Contents

Acknowledgements 5

Foreword 6

Purpose 7

Key Messages 8

Recommendations 9

England and Wales 9

Scotland 9

Accuracy of Data In This Report 10

Healthcare Organisation Participation 10

Population Coverage 11

Data Field Completeness 11

Standards of Care 13

Overall Standards of Care 13

Standards of Care for Organisations 17

Interpretation of the Data 17

Understanding Variation 17

Converting the Data into Service Improvement 17

Focus on Organisational Analysis 38

Focus on Demographics 41

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist 44

Focus On Mortality and Survival 45

Focus on Co-Morbidity 48

The Importance of Co-Morbidity 48

Methods of Recording Co-Morbidity 49

Lung Function 49

Case Mix Adjustment 49

What Does the Data Tell Us 50

Tertiary Centres 53

Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts 53

Appendices 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales 54

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan 56

Appendix 3 References 59

Appendix 4 Glossary 60

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 5

The National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) Project Team Mick Peake Paul Beckett Ian Woolhouse Kimberley Greenaway Arthur Yelland Claire Meace and Anne Cerchione would like to thank all the organisations that have made this report possible These include the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) The Royal College of Physicians (The RCP) Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) The University of Nottingham The Cancer Information System Cymru (CaNISC) Informing Healthcare (Wales) Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) South-East Scotland Cancer Network (SCAN) North of Scotland Cancer Network (NoSCAN) West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) Thanks must also go to all the lung cancer teams who have contributed data to the audit as without their considerable efforts this report would not be possible

Acknowledgements

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 6

It is rewarding for all involved to see the publication of this the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) The lung cancer clinical community have come a long way over the period since the first report was published with significant improvements being seen in the organisation and quality of services in the UK and now a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network1 has shown a significant improvement in survival I believe the NLCA has been an important factor in driving these improvements and has certainly changed the culture of the professionals involved An external report commissioned by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation2 has demonstrated the wider impact of the audit An important factor has been that the data has been open to the public from the outset and information on the performance of each hospital in England and Wales is available to patients and the public in a user-friendly way in a lsquoLung Cancer Maprsquo accessible via the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundationrsquos website3

The population coverage and data completeness for 2013 are impressive with again every hospital entering data and as near as we can estimate data being recorded on 1000 per cent of all patients who get to secondary care The completeness levels of the key fields of Performance Status Stage and Treatment are nearing 950 per cent a tribute to all those in the Multi-Disciplinary Teams around the nation who assiduously collect the data The year-on-year improvements in the headline indicators that we have seen over previous years have as one might predict begun to plateau although there continue to be improvements in the proportion of patients seen by a Clinical Nurse Specialist (now at 840 per cent) A new feature this year is an organisational audit which we believe adds important contextual information to the activity and performance data

The range and depth of data that are becoming available as a result of the redevelopment of the National Cancer Registration Service and the establishment of the National Cancer Intelligence Network is radically changing the context in which we work and in which the NLCA was first conceived and developed around 15 years ago So now is a time for reflection and re-design At the time of writing a re-tendering process is underway for the NLCA and it is not certain at this stage which organisation will be commissioned to take it forward Whoever is appointed to take over the management of the audit will be building on a very sound base and will have the opportunity to find novel ways of supporting commissioners providers and the public in their efforts to continue to drive up standards of care and patient outcomes which after all is what it is all about

Mick Peake Clinical Lead National Lung Cancer Audit

Foreword

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 4: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 4

Contents

Acknowledgements 5

Foreword 6

Purpose 7

Key Messages 8

Recommendations 9

England and Wales 9

Scotland 9

Accuracy of Data In This Report 10

Healthcare Organisation Participation 10

Population Coverage 11

Data Field Completeness 11

Standards of Care 13

Overall Standards of Care 13

Standards of Care for Organisations 17

Interpretation of the Data 17

Understanding Variation 17

Converting the Data into Service Improvement 17

Focus on Organisational Analysis 38

Focus on Demographics 41

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist 44

Focus On Mortality and Survival 45

Focus on Co-Morbidity 48

The Importance of Co-Morbidity 48

Methods of Recording Co-Morbidity 49

Lung Function 49

Case Mix Adjustment 49

What Does the Data Tell Us 50

Tertiary Centres 53

Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts 53

Appendices 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales 54

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan 56

Appendix 3 References 59

Appendix 4 Glossary 60

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 5

The National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) Project Team Mick Peake Paul Beckett Ian Woolhouse Kimberley Greenaway Arthur Yelland Claire Meace and Anne Cerchione would like to thank all the organisations that have made this report possible These include the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) The Royal College of Physicians (The RCP) Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) The University of Nottingham The Cancer Information System Cymru (CaNISC) Informing Healthcare (Wales) Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) South-East Scotland Cancer Network (SCAN) North of Scotland Cancer Network (NoSCAN) West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) Thanks must also go to all the lung cancer teams who have contributed data to the audit as without their considerable efforts this report would not be possible

Acknowledgements

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 6

It is rewarding for all involved to see the publication of this the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) The lung cancer clinical community have come a long way over the period since the first report was published with significant improvements being seen in the organisation and quality of services in the UK and now a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network1 has shown a significant improvement in survival I believe the NLCA has been an important factor in driving these improvements and has certainly changed the culture of the professionals involved An external report commissioned by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation2 has demonstrated the wider impact of the audit An important factor has been that the data has been open to the public from the outset and information on the performance of each hospital in England and Wales is available to patients and the public in a user-friendly way in a lsquoLung Cancer Maprsquo accessible via the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundationrsquos website3

The population coverage and data completeness for 2013 are impressive with again every hospital entering data and as near as we can estimate data being recorded on 1000 per cent of all patients who get to secondary care The completeness levels of the key fields of Performance Status Stage and Treatment are nearing 950 per cent a tribute to all those in the Multi-Disciplinary Teams around the nation who assiduously collect the data The year-on-year improvements in the headline indicators that we have seen over previous years have as one might predict begun to plateau although there continue to be improvements in the proportion of patients seen by a Clinical Nurse Specialist (now at 840 per cent) A new feature this year is an organisational audit which we believe adds important contextual information to the activity and performance data

The range and depth of data that are becoming available as a result of the redevelopment of the National Cancer Registration Service and the establishment of the National Cancer Intelligence Network is radically changing the context in which we work and in which the NLCA was first conceived and developed around 15 years ago So now is a time for reflection and re-design At the time of writing a re-tendering process is underway for the NLCA and it is not certain at this stage which organisation will be commissioned to take it forward Whoever is appointed to take over the management of the audit will be building on a very sound base and will have the opportunity to find novel ways of supporting commissioners providers and the public in their efforts to continue to drive up standards of care and patient outcomes which after all is what it is all about

Mick Peake Clinical Lead National Lung Cancer Audit

Foreword

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 5: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 5

The National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) Project Team Mick Peake Paul Beckett Ian Woolhouse Kimberley Greenaway Arthur Yelland Claire Meace and Anne Cerchione would like to thank all the organisations that have made this report possible These include the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) The Royal College of Physicians (The RCP) Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) The University of Nottingham The Cancer Information System Cymru (CaNISC) Informing Healthcare (Wales) Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) South-East Scotland Cancer Network (SCAN) North of Scotland Cancer Network (NoSCAN) West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) Thanks must also go to all the lung cancer teams who have contributed data to the audit as without their considerable efforts this report would not be possible

Acknowledgements

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 6

It is rewarding for all involved to see the publication of this the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) The lung cancer clinical community have come a long way over the period since the first report was published with significant improvements being seen in the organisation and quality of services in the UK and now a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network1 has shown a significant improvement in survival I believe the NLCA has been an important factor in driving these improvements and has certainly changed the culture of the professionals involved An external report commissioned by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation2 has demonstrated the wider impact of the audit An important factor has been that the data has been open to the public from the outset and information on the performance of each hospital in England and Wales is available to patients and the public in a user-friendly way in a lsquoLung Cancer Maprsquo accessible via the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundationrsquos website3

The population coverage and data completeness for 2013 are impressive with again every hospital entering data and as near as we can estimate data being recorded on 1000 per cent of all patients who get to secondary care The completeness levels of the key fields of Performance Status Stage and Treatment are nearing 950 per cent a tribute to all those in the Multi-Disciplinary Teams around the nation who assiduously collect the data The year-on-year improvements in the headline indicators that we have seen over previous years have as one might predict begun to plateau although there continue to be improvements in the proportion of patients seen by a Clinical Nurse Specialist (now at 840 per cent) A new feature this year is an organisational audit which we believe adds important contextual information to the activity and performance data

The range and depth of data that are becoming available as a result of the redevelopment of the National Cancer Registration Service and the establishment of the National Cancer Intelligence Network is radically changing the context in which we work and in which the NLCA was first conceived and developed around 15 years ago So now is a time for reflection and re-design At the time of writing a re-tendering process is underway for the NLCA and it is not certain at this stage which organisation will be commissioned to take it forward Whoever is appointed to take over the management of the audit will be building on a very sound base and will have the opportunity to find novel ways of supporting commissioners providers and the public in their efforts to continue to drive up standards of care and patient outcomes which after all is what it is all about

Mick Peake Clinical Lead National Lung Cancer Audit

Foreword

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 6: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 6

It is rewarding for all involved to see the publication of this the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) The lung cancer clinical community have come a long way over the period since the first report was published with significant improvements being seen in the organisation and quality of services in the UK and now a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network1 has shown a significant improvement in survival I believe the NLCA has been an important factor in driving these improvements and has certainly changed the culture of the professionals involved An external report commissioned by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation2 has demonstrated the wider impact of the audit An important factor has been that the data has been open to the public from the outset and information on the performance of each hospital in England and Wales is available to patients and the public in a user-friendly way in a lsquoLung Cancer Maprsquo accessible via the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundationrsquos website3

The population coverage and data completeness for 2013 are impressive with again every hospital entering data and as near as we can estimate data being recorded on 1000 per cent of all patients who get to secondary care The completeness levels of the key fields of Performance Status Stage and Treatment are nearing 950 per cent a tribute to all those in the Multi-Disciplinary Teams around the nation who assiduously collect the data The year-on-year improvements in the headline indicators that we have seen over previous years have as one might predict begun to plateau although there continue to be improvements in the proportion of patients seen by a Clinical Nurse Specialist (now at 840 per cent) A new feature this year is an organisational audit which we believe adds important contextual information to the activity and performance data

The range and depth of data that are becoming available as a result of the redevelopment of the National Cancer Registration Service and the establishment of the National Cancer Intelligence Network is radically changing the context in which we work and in which the NLCA was first conceived and developed around 15 years ago So now is a time for reflection and re-design At the time of writing a re-tendering process is underway for the NLCA and it is not certain at this stage which organisation will be commissioned to take it forward Whoever is appointed to take over the management of the audit will be building on a very sound base and will have the opportunity to find novel ways of supporting commissioners providers and the public in their efforts to continue to drive up standards of care and patient outcomes which after all is what it is all about

Mick Peake Clinical Lead National Lung Cancer Audit

Foreword

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

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Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

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Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

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Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 7: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 7

The purpose of this document the tenth Annual Report of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) is to summarise the key findings of the audit for patients diagnosed with lung cancer who were first seen in secondary care in 2013 The history purpose and methodology of the audit have been extensively documented and further details can be obtained from the HSCIC website (wwwhscicgovuklung) More extensive analyses on the 2013 data including case-mix adjusted data in an electronic spreadsheet format will be available from the HSCIC website in due course

Every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and Scotland have participated in the audit although because of differences in reporting schedules standards and targets the Scottish data are tabulated separately Unfortunately the data for Northern Ireland and Guernsey was not available in time to be included in this report and therefore will be published electronically at a later date Details of care provided by individual organisations in this report are based on place first seen in secondary care Place first seen is chosen since in the vast majority of cases it represents the location of the Multi-Disciplinary Team that co-ordinates the investigation and treatment of the individual patient As a result some tertiary centres may appear to have little input into the care of lung cancer and to submit little data to the audit however on the contrary they usually provide the most complex care for the most difficult patients and submit treatment data on behalf of other Trusts Information about the number and types of treatment provided by these Trusts is provided in Figure 28

For this yearrsquos report we have made some changes to reflect the new commissioning structures in the NHS In previous years we have reported the results of the NLCA at National Cancer Network and Hospital Trust level With the abolition of the cancer networks and the introduction of Strategic Clinical Networks (SCN) in England different organisations have established different arrangements with some maintaining their old network structure others moving to the new SCN boundaries and some taking a mixed approach Since the audit is not resourced to produce multiple reports with different groupings for the middle tier to suit individual preferences we have decided to report the middle tier according to the SCN boundaries We understand that this may cause difficulties in comparison with previous yearrsquos data in some cases

Some regions have not been reported by SCN London SCN has been split into its two constituent Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) London Cancer and London Cancer Alliance which were instigated in April 2012 An ICS is defined as a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways4 Because the SCN structure covers England only Wales and Scotland have been split into the same cancer networks as for previous reports North Wales and South Wales and North of Scotland South East of Scotland and West of Scotland

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback data completeness reporting will be available in online format only We are currently working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation as over time these estimates have become inaccurate and potentially misleading Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Similarly we have excluded mesothelioma from the main report having published a mesothelioma-specific report earlier in 2014

Purpose

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

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Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

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Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 8: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 8

The audit has collected data on 39203 patients in Great Britain for this audit period representing approximately 1000 per cent of the cases of lung cancer presenting to secondary care

Overall measures of the standards of care have been sustained and in some areas have marginally improved compared to previous years with small rises in the proportion of patients having their cancer subtyped the proportion of patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy and in the proportion having access to a lung cancer nurse specialist (LCNS) In many cases the measures of treatment approach those seen in other western healthcare systems Despite these improvements there remains marked variation across Trusts and Networks and differences in case-mix do not appear to explain the whole of this variation For example the proportion of patients with early stage lung cancer who receive surgery varies from 333 per cent to 629 per cent when measured at Network level (with even greater variation at Trust level) Since surgical treatment represents the best chance of cure of the disease these data suggest that a substantial number of patients are needlessly dying of lung cancer as a result of local variation in care A similar picture emerges for fitter patients who have advanced and incurable disease ndash in this group chemotherapy is known to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life yet treatment rates vary 475 per cent to 629 per cent across the Networks

Ensuring that all organisations provide the same standard of care as that provided in the best performing units is likely to cure more patients and improve quality of life for those patients who cannot be cured Trusts are encouraged to critically appraise their own results and perform reviews of lung cancer pathways andor clinical cases where investigation or treatment rates are below the national average

Key Messages

I Based on Cancer Research UK (CRUK) data 2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

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Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

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Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

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Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 9: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 9

Recommendations

England and Wales1 All Hospitals Trusts and Health Boards should

participate in this national audit should submit data on all patients presenting to secondary care diagnosed with either lung cancer and should complete all relevant data fields for each individual patient

2 All hospitals Trusts and Health Boards are encouraged to submit validated data for future rounds of organisational audit

3 Data completeness for key fields should exceed 850 per cent and for MDT completeness should exceed 950 per cent (See Appendix 2 Local Action Plan)

4 To improve risk-adjustment models we recommend that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

5 Maintain the level of 950 per cent of patients submitted to the audit being discussed at a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting

6 Histologicalcytological confirmation rates below 750 per cent should be reviewed to determine whether best practice is being followed and whether patients have access to the whole range of biopsy techniques

7 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) rates of more than 200 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

8 At least 800 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) at least 800 per cent of patients should have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis (note that these data are not available for Wales)

9 For patients undergoing bronchoscopy at least 950 per cent should have a CT scan prior to the procedure

10 Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 160 per cent should be reviewed Furthermore for early stage (I and II) disease rates below 520 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that patients on the margins of operabilityresectability are being offered access to specialist thoracic surgical expertise (including second opinions)

11 Active anti-cancer treatment rates below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

12 Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below the England and Wales average of 700 per cent should be reviewed

13 Chemotherapy rates for good Performance Status (0-1) Stage IIIB IV NSCLC below the England and Wales average of 600 per cent should be reviewed

A Local Action Planning toolkit (LAP) is provided in Appendix 2 to assist organisations in benchmarking against these quality measures All organisations are encouraged to use the audit data to drive their service development in order to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients Trusts whose results in 2013 meet these recommendations should work to maintain their high standards and exceed them where appropriate Performance against some of these recommendations is highlighted by a system of colour coding in the data Tables 1a and 2a

ScotlandThe above recommendations do not apply to Scotland therefore the data in the Tables are not colour coded NHS Quality Improvement Scotland published National Lung Cancer Standards in March 2008 NHS Boards in all Scottish Networks participate in comparing 2012 results measured against these Standards and where variance is shown action plans can be developed by Networks and NHS Boards and monitored by Regional Cancer Advisory Groups

As part of the Scottish Governmentrsquos National Cancer Quality Programme new Quality Performance Indicators (QPIs) for Lung Cancer were implemented for all patients diagnosed on or after 1 July 2013 Performance against these QPIs will be monitored following one year of implementation and will be subject to a robust governance process through Regional Cancer Networks the Scottish Government and Healthcare Improvement Scotland

It is important to stress that these quality measures are not targets since in some cases there will be valid reasons for variation such as case-mix and patient choice Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results (published separately) into consideration in the evaluation of their service although it is noted that in general case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 10: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 10

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Accuracy of Data in this Report

Data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit need to be as complete as possible in terms of healthcare organisation participation population coverage and data field completeness both to ensure the representative nature of the information and to make case-mix adjustment possible Please refer to previous versions of the Annual Report for a full explanation of this issue

Healthcare Organisation Participation

In 2013 every Trust or Health Board in England and Wales and every Health Board in Scotland has participated in the audit

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 11: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 11

Figure 1 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash England and Wales

In this yearrsquos report patients have been excluded for two reasons missing date first seen (155 cases) and duplicate patient records (44 cases)

England Cases Submitted32364

Total Cases Submitted34468

Included in analysis34269

Mesothelioma1767 (52)

Excluded from this report

Other8389 (291)

SCLC3704 (108)

Confirmed NSCLC20409 (709)

All lung cases excluding small cell and mesothelioma

29798 (840)

Wales Cases Submitted2104

199 excluded from analysis

Population CoverageIn 2013 there were 34468 patient records submitted from England and Wales (see Figure 1) and 4735 submitted from Scotland (Figure 2) This is estimated to represent around 980 per cent of the expected annual incidence and probably almost all of those cases presenting to secondary care (some cases are diagnosed and treated in primary care or are diagnosed at a post-mortem) as has been the case for several years (see Figure 3)

Of these records 199 of the cases submitted from England were not suitable for further analysis and predominantly due to no date first seen being recorded meaning that it was not possible to be certain that these were cases from 2013

Submission of data to the audit has become an established part of the practice of lung cancer teams and serves as a model for other cancers The annual trend in population coverage is shown in Figure 3 and demonstrates continued submission of around 1000 per cent of the expected number of cases for several years

In common with the last report and following favourable feedback population coverage reporting by organisation will be available in online format only As mentioned earlier we are working with the cancer registries to update the expected number of cases allocated to each individual organisation

Data Field CompletenessAs previously stated data completeness for individual organisations are available online only this year Overall recording of key data items continues to be of a very high standard with 937 per cent of cases including Stage and 929 per cent of cases including Performance Status (PS) The improvements in recording of these items over the audit lifespan are shown in Figure 4 However some individual organisations continue to record these data items in less than 850 per cent of the cases they submit As in previous years we recommend that organisations performing below this benchmark should use the LAP toolkit (Appendix 2) to improve their data submissions

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 12: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 12

Figure 2 Number of patient records submitted to the NLCA ndash Scotland

Total Cases Submitted4735

Other1361 (331)

SCLC622 (131)

Confirmed NSCLC2752 (669)

All lung cases excluding small cell4113 (869)

Figure 3 Population Coverage - England and Wales (2005-2013)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Excluding mesothelioma

Patients

Estimated number of lung cancer patients

Figure 4 Stage and Performance Status Data Completeness - England and Wales (2005-2013)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

England only England and Wales

Percentage

Stage

Performance Status

Data completeness and quality are still key to the ongoing success of the NLCA and we would encourage audit participants to view their data at wwwhscicgovuklung

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 13: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 13

Standards of Care

Overall Standards of Care

For England and Wales the main measures of the standards of care provided to patients show little change compared to the previous year 956 per cent of patients are discussed at an MDT (Figure 5) the proportion of patients who receive a CT scan prior to a bronchoscopy procedure is 912 per cent (Figure 6) and 750 per cent of patients have a histo-cytological confirmation of their diagnosis (Figure 7) For those patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC the proportion whose tumours are not further subtyped (ldquonot-otherwise specifiedrdquo) has fallen from 158 per cent to 129 per cent

The anti-cancer treatment rate has shown a marginal decrease to 601 per cent (Figure 8) and the overall surgical treatment rate is static at 151 per cent (Figure 9) whereas the proportion of patients with small cell tumours who receive chemotherapy has risen slightly from 679 per cent to 697 per cent Access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) appears to have improved with the proportion of patients seeing a LCNS rising from 823 per cent to 839 per cent and the proportion who have a LCNS present at the time of diagnosis (data available for England only) has risen from 612 per cent to 653 per cent (Figure 10)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

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Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 14: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 14

Figure 6 Percentage of patients receiving a CT scan before bronchoscopy

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 912

2012 n = 33035 mean = 896

2011 n = 33463 mean = 878

2010 n = 32347 mean = 848

2009 n = 32068 mean = 807

2008 n = 27814 mean = 760

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 940

2012 n = 4810 mean = 942

2011 n = 4655 mean = 911

2010 n = 4427 mean = 922

2009 n = 4234 mean = 864

2008 n = 4058 mean = na

64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100

Percentage of Patients

Figure 5 Percentage of patients discussed at MDT

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 956

2012 n = 33035 mean = 958

2011 n = 33463 mean = 962

2010 n = 32347 mean = 964

2009 n = 32068 mean = 941

2008 n = 27814 mean = 890

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 974

2012 n = 4810 mean = 956

2011 n = 4655 mean = 953

2010 n = 4427 mean = 944

2009 n = 4234 mean = 953

2008 n = 4058 mean = 861

84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 15: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 15

Figure 7 Percentage of patients receiving a histological cytological diagnosis

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 750

2012 n = 33035 mean = 753

2011 n = 33463 mean = 769

2010 n = 32347 mean = 760

2009 n = 32068 mean = 756

2008 n = 27814 mean = 722

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 726

2012 n = 4810 mean = 726

2011 n = 4655 mean = 718

2010 n = 4427 mean = 771

2009 n = 4234 mean = 777

2008 n = 4058 mean = 775

66 70 74 78 82 86

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 8 Percentage of patients receiving any anti-cancer treatment

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 601

2012 n = 33035 mean = 608

2011 n = 33463 mean = 601

2010 n = 32347 mean = 584

2009 n = 32068 mean = 591

2008 n = 27814 mean = 540

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 607

2012 n = 4810 mean = 600

2011 n = 4655 mean = 597

2010 n = 4427 mean = 639

2009 n = 4234 mean = 646

2008 n = 4058 mean = 641

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 16: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 16

Figure 9 Percentage of patients receiving an operation

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 151

2012 n = 33035 mean = 152

2011 n = 33463 mean = 147

2010 n = 32347 mean = 137

2009 n = 32068 mean = 137

2008 n = 27814 mean = 108

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 142

2012 n = 4810 mean = 122

2011 n = 4655 mean = 107

2010 n = 4427 mean = 111

2009 n = 4234 mean = 113

2008 n = 4058 mean = 106

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Figure 10 Percentage of patients seen by nurse specialist

Eng

land

and

Wal

es

2013 n = 32502 mean = 839

2012 n = 33035 mean = 822

2011 n = 33463 mean = 799

2010 n = 32347 mean = 754

2009 n = 32068 mean = 644

2008 n = 27814 mean = 513

Sco

tlan

d

2013 n = 4735 mean = 809

2012 n = 4810 mean = 848

2011 n = 4655 mean = 828

2010 n = 4427 mean = 839

2009 n = 4324 mean na

2008 n = 4085 mean na

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of Patients

Mean

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 17: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 17

Standards of Care for OrganisationsData on key process and outcome measures (ldquoHeadline Indicatorsrdquo) relating to the care of patients with lung cancer across England and Wales are given in Table 1a (Process and Clinical Outcomes for England and Wales 2013) by Network and by Trust (key to codes given in Appendix 1) These indicators have been chosen to reflect the overall standard of care provided to patients Similar data for Scotland are shown in Table 2a

Interpretation of the DataIn interpreting these figures the population coverage and data field completeness must be considered and can be cross-referenced using the on-line data tables Furthermore the results as presented do not take into account the case-mix of patients (for example some organisations might legitimately claim that lower treatment rates reflected an older population or patients presenting with more advanced disease) Adjustments to the results to account for such case-mix will be available from the HSCIC website in due course Where applicable organisations should take the case-mix adjusted results into consideration in the evaluation of their service since although case-mix does not explain the whole of the variation in practice across organisations it may show a particular result to be or not to be a statistical outlier

The colour coding in the Tables 1a and 2a reflects performance by organisations compared to the targets set in the 2012 Local Action Plan (LAP) LAP targets do not apply to Scotland hence the data are not colour coded National Lung Cancer Standards published by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland in 2008 include Standards for rate of histological confirmation (minimum 750 per cent) and percentage of SCLC having chemotherapy (minimum 600 per cent) however these do not specify rates of resection or anti-cancer treatment

Understanding Variation It is clear from Table 1a and Table 2a that there is considerable variation in the outputs that the audit measures across organisations (notwithstanding earlier comments regarding case-mix adjustment of the data) This is apparent both at Strategic Clinical Network and even more markedly at Hospital Trust level In the latter case some of the more extreme variation is explained by low numbers of cases or poor quality data so a useful way of reporting the variation is the interquartile range (IQR) describing the range of values in the middle 500 per cent

In England and Wales the IQR for histologicalcytological confirmation is 708-810 per cent for surgical treatment it is 115-174 per cent for receipt of anti-cancer treatment it is 561-645 per cent and for patients being seen by a specialist nurse it is 789-924 per cent Similar variation is apparent for Scotland These data are represented graphically in Figures 5-10

Converting the Data into Service ImprovementCollecting data is only part of the audit process and it is important that the data is used to improve the services provided to patients and the outcomes of their treatment There are numerous examples of local organisations doing just this Furthermore national organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) the British Thoracic Society and the National Cancer Peer Review Programme have all utilised data from the audit in their work programmes for lung cancer

Comment from Dr Adam Dangoor Consultant in Medical Oncology Bristol Cancer Institute Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Prior to LUCADA it was difficult to gather data on our practice outcomes or how we compared to other units regionally or nationally The audit provides motivation for the local collection of more accurate and comprehensive data which is essential for maintaining and improving standards Without a national audit this data collection can unfortunately fall down the list of priorities of NHS providers due to the competing demands on resources In our own case the collection of data has supported the expansion of our thoracic surgical services from two to five consultants In addition we have prioritised expansion of clinical nurse specialist support which is underway It has been reassuring to note that on most measures our service is in a good position and this in itself is motivation for maintaining our performance

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 18: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 18

Comment from Dr Angela Morgan Consultant Respiratory Physician and Clinical Lead for Lung Cancer The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

We picked up various issues but the main ones were

a) Our low rate of radiotherapy

This Trust is the lowest in the network giving radiotherapy in 189 per cent of cases against a national average of 300 per cent (our Figures for 2013 suggest a possible increase to 220 per cent)

Action We now have a clinical oncologist attending our MDT (as well as medical oncologist) This year an acute clinic slot has been created each week for urgent patients requiring urgent radiotherapy as there was a perception that perhaps patients were deteriorating prior to assessment resulting in being unable to have treatment We look forward to the most recent results with interest

b) Small cell lung cancer treatment rates

684 per cent of patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with chemotherapy which is slightly higher than the national average of 679 per cent An audit of the six patients not receiving chemotherapy shows that all had a performance status of 3 or above

Action Our pathologist team now inform us as soon as they diagnose small cell lung cancer so that we can expedite clinic appointments to ensure that there is minimal delay in assessing these patients for treatment as the perception was that perhaps they were deteriorating quickly and thus became unsuitable for treatment Again we await the impact of this intervention

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 888 952 818 544 694 577 186 275

LLCU 385 992 994 940 816 805 652 195 338

RBL 256 980 971 902 734 664 590 195 293

RBN 265 766 991 853 502 687 562 177 230

REM 315 968 908 702 67 749 587 210 276

RJR 142 768 889 739 606 507 577 176 268

RVY 147 748 939 844 612 605 483 150 272

RWW 177 785 857 650 497 627 469 141 192

East Midlands 2348 935 936 836 615 726 583 141 263

RJF 134 978 886 896 545 701 470 07 209

RK5 252 940 936 984 956 750 587 143 274

RNQ 195 964 964 933 887 692 508 174 133

RNS 167 1000 949 946 796 749 611 144 275

RTG 325 809 967 812 622 708 569 228 203

RWD 350 820 907 717 426 749 603 129 343

RWE 490 996 973 814 455 643 592 137 278

RX1 433 1000 903 781 573 813 619 115 286

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 19: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 19

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

East of England 2885 945 942 802 614 782 592 146 301

RAJ 221 995 972 851 670 774 543 140 190

RC1 99 929 815 788 768 646 556 111 242

RC9 131 939 903 656 473 756 321 130 69

RCX 142 993 908 845 472 810 648 169 303

RDD 198 1000 929 793 596 818 525 131 126

RDE 255 1000 975 890 816 835 749 141 400

RGM 23 913 1000 870 870 870 783 522 217

RGN 171 994 946 901 444 760 678 199 427

RGP 146 815 936 658 370 726 651 96 363

RGQ 179 966 915 832 564 838 749 128 570

RGR 160 981 941 719 644 769 456 156 138

RGT 178 994 1000 949 949 831 725 236 382

RM1 342 825 939 713 468 713 620 105 377

RQ8 175 1000 981 611 514 851 634 154 377

RQQ 66 1000 1000 758 727 636 697 182 379

RWG 186 817 00 973 742 796 285 113 134

RWH 213 967 936 812 629 803 545 136 263

London Cancer 1446 957 879 886 717 850 639 169 288

R1HKH 122 918 905 893 770 861 689 180 180

R1HM0 121 967 953 909 595 909 587 149 298

R1HNH 72 972 829 903 667 889 597 97 264

RAL 103 1000 962 990 971 903 631 311 214

RAP 90 978 1000 989 978 800 644 111 467

RF4 280 886 742 829 529 804 504 118 204

RKE 92 978 963 478 370 761 652 141 402

RQW 158 994 937 943 886 816 646 209 266

RQX 92 1000 947 935 772 837 598 217 272

RRV 131 1000 944 924 550 885 855 214 412

RVL 183 956 770 945 923 913 721 158 322

London Cancer Alliance

2006 937 919 786 604 806 623 142 274

RAS 124 935 979 887 790 581 524 105 331

RAX 122 959 909 926 590 762 607 156 254

RC3 65 985 824 723 662 554 462 62 369

RFW 94 989 973 21 11 787 457 106 223

RJ1 111 1000 948 919 550 1000 874 216 396

RJ2 304 977 791 839 671 783 589 109 201

RJ6 121 950 925 975 967 851 612 99 289

RJ7 136 846 818 493 353 838 566 176 44

RJZ 137 993 881 869 861 847 613 124 380

RQM 72 944 909 778 583 917 611 181 125

RT3 23 217 1000 826 565 957 870 696 00

RV8 94 968 958 904 638 862 670 160 330

RVR 181 762 925 762 409 735 597 83 193

RYJ 249 1000 959 743 518 867 731 205 422

RYQ 170 959 911 924 765 818 624 106 312

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 20: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 20

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 935 922 843 734 735 614 177 277

RBT 189 995 851 899 661 608 598 164 376

RJN 127 984 1000 992 913 787 669 205 354

RM2 194 959 935 799 758 902 747 314 242

RM3 193 979 934 865 824 762 632 207 383

RMC 213 878 964 930 812 606 615 174 343

RMP 165 885 949 939 430 745 624 158 339

RRF 247 980 938 846 806 757 603 146 328

RTX 151 914 981 238 113 530 503 159 132

RW3 212 976 920 925 830 821 703 156 382

RW6 634 874 821 792 702 715 607 210 268

RWJ 213 944 888 864 761 746 606 160 268

RXL 240 1000 980 963 888 792 613 92 163

RXN 240 850 940 883 721 779 596 217 246

RXR 355 975 994 856 845 735 546 115 172

Northern England 2615 988 893 907 735 756 624 129 325

RE9 135 1000 983 933 859 689 556 133 222

RLN 264 989 820 883 799 788 595 155 352

RNL 235 996 926 970 817 749 591 98 332

RR7 217 949 958 963 696 673 521 138 198

RTD 345 983 855 893 725 748 675 183 287

RTF 358 989 840 874 514 779 645 123 257

RTR 351 997 943 937 915 795 635 91 396

RVW 297 980 887 882 663 754 727 128 488

RXP 413 1000 924 881 724 763 593 116 320

South East Coast 2389 958 898 740 494 730 530 131 259

RA2 97 742 892 722 361 845 588 175 278

RDU 196 949 931 888 735 847 571 204 158

RN7 136 1000 971 1000 934 926 721 132 338

RPA 182 984 941 934 934 626 434 110 297

RTK 129 1000 791 357 326 760 233 62 39

RTP 168 952 938 833 631 810 565 119 190

RVV 456 954 856 425 33 616 520 136 292

RWF 227 996 867 899 740 775 599 167 317

RXC 268 996 829 784 552 739 549 123 276

RXH 230 961 969 730 465 665 465 109 265

RYR16 139 957 955 863 353 712 561 79 324

RYR18 161 901 921 845 429 714 559 130 236

South West 2173 957 894 844 619 733 645 152 338

RA3 98 867 1000 663 378 806 663 173 286

RA4 82 976 955 841 744 500 598 183 146

RA7 140 986 957 764 557 736 629 229 221

RA9 201 975 860 866 562 652 582 95 328

RBA 165 939 769 782 327 818 697 206 352

RBZ 78 782 880 923 744 513 564 90 295

RD1 200 990 855 875 415 680 590 155 300

REF 238 966 989 983 887 765 790 126 534

RH8 195 985 888 979 897 836 754 174 467

RK9 282 965 922 766 486 660 596 113 362

RTE 282 936 822 784 603 844 631 174 270

RVJ 210 986 969 862 800 748 590 148 290

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 21: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 21

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

Thames Valley 1054 969 891 879 753 854 657 218 218

RD7 142 887 926 923 831 775 556 134 268

RD8 86 988 432 907 814 919 767 209 326

RHW 180 983 982 822 461 817 650 161 294

RN3 151 967 979 914 781 808 623 205 93

RTH 317 981 1000 858 826 909 716 297 186

RXQ 178 989 971 893 803 865 612 219 213

Wessex 1326 968 890 790 614 763 628 141 328

R1F 92 946 920 978 815 793 565 87 293

RBD 107 1000 814 925 561 710 626 178 252

RD3 140 850 760 707 579 779 571 143 293

RDZ 183 967 825 869 765 672 607 164 284

RHM 221 986 878 697 525 765 724 158 434

RHU 346 991 976 725 656 769 578 118 361

RN506 82 963 974 744 415 756 573 85 280

RN541 80 975 898 813 513 875 725 175 175

RNZ 75 1000 861 920 533 853 773 173 400

West Midlands 3202 954 883 879 665 747 572 158 246

RBK 151 993 885 954 808 854 623 152 238

RJC 88 966 821 841 693 761 625 148 91

RJD 148 993 786 892 764 858 669 203 291

RJE 349 900 858 865 295 693 590 163 327

RKB 234 987 975 953 880 761 628 175 350

RL4 237 1000 1000 970 941 743 561 156 232

RLQ 129 1000 978 752 643 744 690 194 372

RLT 110 964 939 836 755 773 591 100 209

RNA 223 776 915 906 798 744 484 94 206

RR1 496 954 789 899 623 665 480 159 89

RRK 253 980 987 949 751 794 660 206 320

RWP 210 986 844 786 771 767 505 143 233

RWP01 73 945 861 918 411 767 562 151 178

RXK 244 975 960 861 615 770 541 111 242

RXW 256 961 809 742 445 738 590 188 332

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 985 919 867 717 710 602 151 279

RAE 218 991 964 890 761 642 651 147 376

RCB55 175 983 902 914 840 771 600 171 303

RCBCA 137 993 925 905 686 620 482 95 307

RCD 100 980 951 900 740 700 630 120 250

RCF 131 1000 1000 878 756 771 626 137 260

RFF 163 1000 943 926 736 822 663 135 92

RFR 230 970 988 930 891 704 557 152 157

RFS 186 1000 942 962 866 672 516 172 97

RHQ 435 1000 926 848 680 724 533 154 202

RJL 333 976 928 913 817 658 583 168 288

RP5 288 1000 870 701 569 740 653 160 368

RR8 509 988 848 855 784 735 697 157 464

RWA 369 965 866 789 350 691 629 171 293

RWY 277 996 926 856 632 661 606 137 310

RXF 443 966 974 896 822 731 558 133 205

England Total 30503 954 911 839 653 751 602 154 283

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 22: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 22

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Place first seen Actual number

Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Nurse specialist

present at diagnosis ()

Histological diagnosis ()

having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

North Wales 487 996 937 797 NA 745 608 97 370

7A1A1 175 994 851 954 NA 749 646 109 423

7A1A4 169 994 987 911 NA 734 562 124 325

7A1AU 143 1000 962 469 NA 755 615 49 357

South Wales 1512 997 933 862 NA 734 573 112 378

7A2AJ 41 1000 882 439 NA 829 585 98 317

7A2AL 156 1000 928 923 NA 878 635 109 385

7A2BL 63 984 867 825 NA 714 571 95 381

7A3B7 113 991 844 832 NA 619 593 115 460

7A3C4 83 1000 1000 880 NA 687 542 72 398

7A3C7 99 990 952 939 NA 808 636 111 354

7A3CJ 63 1000 657 952 NA 762 746 190 476

7A4C1 278 1000 990 849 NA 640 543 104 378

7A5B1 142 993 971 824 NA 746 423 113 310

7A5B3 127 1000 1000 937 NA 780 614 134 472

7A6AM 107 1000 977 953 NA 701 607 121 402

7A6AR 240 996 975 817 NA 754 546 108 300

Wales Total 1999 996 934 846 NA 737 581 109 376

England and Wales Total

32502 956 912 839 NA 750 601 151 288

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 958 896 823 612 753 608 152 300

Difference -533 -02 16 17 40 -02 -08 -01 -11

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 888 879 740 494 694 530 97 218

LQ 941 892 799 614 731 580 136 268

Median 957 919 843 619 745 608 146 279

UQ 977 934 873 717 772 626 164 327

Max 997 952 907 753 854 657 218 378

Range Trust

Min 742 00 21 11 500 233 07 39

LQ 954 872 789 527 708 561 115 225

Median 980 932 875 680 761 599 146 292

UQ 995 969 924 805 810 645 174 354

Max 1000 1000 1000 978 1000 874 311 570

Mean 957 909 838 655 756 601 147 289

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 23: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 23

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Discussed at MDT () Complete when MDT Discussion Indicator = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt95 gt=95

of patients receiving CT before bronchoscopy

Complete when CT Scan Date before or equal to Bronchoscopy Date

(denominator = cases with Bronchoscopy Date present)

lt95 gt=95

Patient seen by nurse Specialist () Complete when Patient Assessed by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist = Y

(denominator = all cases)

lt80 gt=80

Nurse specialist present at diagnosis () Complete when Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist Present When Received Diagnosis = Y

(denominator = all English cases)

lt80 gt=80

Histological diagnosis () Complete when Histology is present or Basis of diagnosis equals 5 6 or 7

(denominator = all English cases)

lt75 gt=75

Having active treatment Complete when date present for Brachytherapy Anti-cancer drug regimen Surgery or Teletherapy

(denominator = all cases)

lt60 gt=60

receiving surgery all cases Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present

(denominator = all cases excluding mesothelioma)

receiving radiotherapy Complete when either Teletherapy Treatment Course Start Date or Brachytherapy Therapy Treatment Course Start Date is present

(denominator = all cases)

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 24: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 24

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 1

Code Actual number Discussed at MDT ()

of patients receiving

CT before bronchoscopy

Patient seen by nurse

Specialist ()

Histological diagnosis ()

Having active

treatment

receiving surgery all

cases

receiving radiotherapy

SCAN 1189 992 980 820 696 581 144 362

Borders 77 1000 1000 1000 701 636 156 338

Dumfries and Galloway 102 941 962 431 804 618 108 382

Fife 300 987 1000 787 617 507 90 340

Lothian 710 1000 974 870 714 601 170 370

WoSCAN 2589 973 915 800 720 599 153 329

Ayrshire and Arran 391 992 933 762 668 550 115 396

Clyde 366 943 835 601 683 522 126 270

Forth Valley 224 996 959 951 786 696 179 362

Lanarkshire 521 990 937 841 749 656 167 292

North Glasgow 720 964 932 819 760 625 178 342

South Glasgow 367 965 905 853 654 540 139 324

NoSCAN 957 954 972 819 780 679 109 427

Grampian 371 927 985 693 779 751 119 493

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 692 1000 846 462 462 00 308

Highland 214 981 953 827 766 659 117 393

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 889 1000 963 704 556 185 222

Western Isles 12 1000 1000 500 667 500 250 167

Tayside 320 981 969 959 813 641 84 406

Scotland total 4735 974 940 809 726 611 142 357

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 956 924 848 726 600 122 372

Difference -75 18 16 -39 00 11 20 -15

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 692 835 431 462 462 00 167

LQ 942 936 745 667 535 113 304

Median 981 966 834 709 610 132 341

UQ 993 1000 890 769 645 172 385

Max 1000 1000 1000 813 754 250 493

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 25: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 25

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

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Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

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Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

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Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 26

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Cheshire and Merseyside

1692 1480 197 1343 562 761 637 963 296 947 122 578 668

LLCU 385 322 214 347 611 152 711 247 279 242 91 161 621

RBL 256 227 207 222 559 136 625 141 326 135 119 93 688

RBN 265 231 186 164 616 92 620 148 277 147 211 82 707

REM 315 273 231 262 542 140 636 194 325 194 144 113 664

RJR 142 132 174 122 508 90 578 62 306 59 51 44 750

RVY 147 133 143 93 559 78 679 75 253 74 81 32 813

RWW 177 157 153 130 454 72 569 91 264 91 99 53 566

East Midlands

2348 2043 149 1225 573 1400 504 1399 217 1276 119 784 666

RJF 134 114 09 90 511 76 763 74 14 71 42 48 688

RK5 252 219 151 130 492 147 531 156 212 141 142 106 698

RNQ 195 171 187 111 613 107 505 111 288 110 200 62 565

RNS 167 154 143 93 559 113 434 112 188 108 102 51 588

RTG 325 280 250 195 636 186 591 185 378 168 71 96 688

RWD 350 299 144 135 600 177 531 211 204 193 150 126 643

RWE 490 440 134 223 583 319 458 265 223 219 137 135 681

RX1 433 364 121 247 551 275 425 283 155 264 95 158 690

East of England 2885 2542 158 1515 497 1905 576 1912 207 1845 115 970 652

RAJ 221 198 152 99 657 149 611 148 203 144 139 73 644

RC1 99 94 117 45 489 45 711 59 186 56 179 20 500

RC9 131 117 145 84 381 80 338 85 200 73 123 51 353

RCX 142 123 187 89 472 123 683 96 229 95 158 58 707

RDD 198 169 142 107 542 145 607 133 180 128 70 81 691

RDE 255 213 155 113 673 209 651 171 193 171 82 106 726

RGM 23 21 524 27 741 4 500 18 556 13 154 1 00

RGN 171 147 211 88 580 114 605 106 292 101 149 61 672

RGP 146 137 102 94 213 150 487 97 134 88 159 38 789

RGQ 179 157 140 90 533 120 600 128 172 128 78 55 673

RGR 160 147 163 74 514 72 639 110 218 109 55 39 769

RGT 178 159 264 130 546 153 569 129 326 120 83 58 655

RM1 342 297 121 192 411 192 604 199 176 198 131 112 705

RQ8 175 156 154 93 495 135 452 130 185 131 84 51 451

RQQ 66 56 179 46 500 29 483 32 281 29 276 28 714

RWG 186 169 124 37 189 65 415 131 160 124 65 64 531

RWH 213 182 154 107 514 120 600 140 200 137 190 74 689

London Cancer 1446 1277 178 773 536 881 619 1060 210 1025 87 449 673

R1HKH 122 100 200 62 452 79 595 83 217 82 24 45 667

R1HM0 121 113 150 74 622 46 739 102 167 98 71 34 824

R1HNH 72 67 104 36 417 55 509 59 119 50 40 16 500

RAL 103 88 307 54 796 46 717 78 346 74 00 30 667

RAP 90 84 119 37 459 54 500 66 152 64 344 32 500

RF4 280 254 118 125 352 135 630 199 151 199 35 71 592

RKE 92 81 148 49 510 67 552 59 203 57 105 31 774

RQW 158 130 231 92 630 52 558 101 287 95 42 65 554

RQX 92 82 232 70 443 63 619 67 269 67 224 23 652

RRV 131 111 243 87 598 90 667 96 281 96 198 40 925

RVL 183 165 170 87 632 192 646 149 188 142 35 62 742

Key

Tertiary Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 27: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 27

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 28: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 28

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

London Cancer Alliance

2006 1792 148 1080 510 1386 604 1403 189 1339 143 603 673

RAS 124 116 112 37 514 75 413 64 188 50 260 37 622

RAX 122 114 167 70 600 59 610 85 224 85 129 35 714

RC3 65 63 63 29 310 67 448 34 118 32 156 12 667

RFW 94 84 107 51 549 70 500 64 141 64 219 29 552

RJ1 111 94 255 92 565 80 825 94 255 94 106 42 833

RJ2 304 268 112 77 442 96 552 202 149 188 266 55 727

RJ6 121 99 121 63 397 79 646 81 148 79 38 54 537

RJ7 136 127 181 108 537 116 690 105 219 101 129 35 657

RJZ 137 114 79 60 567 102 520 93 97 93 97 39 667

RQM 72 65 200 37 595 67 627 59 220 58 86 21 810

RT3 23 22 727 22 864 6 1000 21 762 10 00 3 1000

RV8 94 85 176 52 712 74 649 72 208 69 101 31 581

RVR 181 164 79 79 329 116 612 116 112 107 121 37 568

RYJ 249 224 223 167 575 200 585 191 262 188 144 77 662

RYQ 170 150 100 133 368 174 655 119 126 118 102 95 737

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

3373 2926 194 2303 458 2051 564 2033 278 2015 135 1228 715

RBT 189 168 173 106 443 50 480 94 309 92 261 48 688

RJN 127 110 236 84 452 83 554 83 313 83 181 40 825

RM2 194 165 358 233 549 135 541 146 404 145 48 94 723

RM3 193 171 222 141 553 105 381 125 304 121 91 71 577

RMC 213 184 196 157 452 88 511 100 350 96 63 79 633

RMP 165 142 183 82 439 58 690 100 260 100 160 63 762

RRF 247 205 156 159 428 178 449 145 221 147 68 101 634

RTX 151 142 162 147 306 144 653 71 324 70 114 66 879

RW3 212 180 178 159 434 137 518 142 225 140 157 92 696

RW6 634 549 228 396 457 350 546 368 337 367 259 187 658

RWJ 213 182 176 133 406 178 449 128 250 123 195 78 782

RXL 240 199 101 143 434 178 736 149 134 149 128 111 784

RXN 240 216 222 152 599 138 717 163 294 163 31 82 805

RXR 355 313 131 211 408 229 620 219 187 219 50 115 704

Northern England 2615 2237 143 1611 479 1611 642 1600 199 1578 210 1027 695

RE9 135 113 142 85 518 72 611 71 225 71 127 65 677

RLN 264 219 174 176 489 133 669 163 233 161 211 108 750

RNL 235 197 112 116 595 173 509 138 159 137 212 104 500

RR7 217 196 148 168 417 89 517 125 224 111 99 58 828

RTD 345 302 205 207 623 186 758 215 288 210 48 123 780

RTF 358 300 130 174 460 296 615 221 176 221 271 131 710

RTR 351 292 103 236 449 168 810 220 136 219 37 166 651

RVW 297 255 141 206 408 201 647 182 198 183 115 111 775

RXP 413 363 132 243 428 293 611 265 181 265 566 161 658

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 29: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 29

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 30: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 30

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

South East Coast 2389 2161 137 1286 473 1534 497 1516 194 1491 113 736 615

RA2 97 89 180 38 526 14 571 74 216 74 243 29 621

RDU 196 171 187 114 614 119 639 141 227 140 57 70 543

RN7 136 117 145 70 600 88 670 107 159 107 37 44 795

RPA 182 182 110 82 549 96 344 114 175 112 00 24 750

RTK 129 114 70 89 416 103 388 83 96 79 127 34 412

RTP 168 148 135 81 444 133 654 116 172 111 153 55 600

RVV 456 412 143 259 363 312 378 237 249 226 137 146 630

RWF 227 207 179 116 647 141 582 156 231 155 155 60 700

RXC 268 235 136 141 447 158 563 165 188 165 115 102 608

RXH 230 215 116 141 433 103 466 138 181 138 87 73 671

RYR16 139 118 85 69 435 128 547 78 128 78 154 57 526

RYR18 161 153 131 86 407 139 381 107 187 106 132 42 524

South West 2173 1899 163 1337 534 1454 570 1318 228 1303 104 708 706

RA3 98 89 180 41 585 45 711 70 229 71 141 37 622

RA4 82 78 192 53 434 46 609 37 405 36 222 12 917

RA7 140 132 242 123 626 74 784 95 337 95 137 32 750

RA9 201 175 91 118 449 123 545 105 152 104 29 61 721

RBA 165 142 232 76 592 82 732 112 286 112 98 42 762

RBZ 78 66 106 40 500 62 500 28 179 28 500 28 679

RD1 200 166 157 116 448 132 500 102 235 101 69 74 649

REF 238 201 139 134 582 162 519 145 193 145 34 99 747

RH8 195 176 188 135 519 173 613 144 229 135 89 76 842

RK9 282 255 122 183 437 194 608 159 195 158 127 92 663

RTE 282 234 197 185 562 217 373 190 242 187 102 107 626

RVJ 210 183 142 132 667 144 681 130 169 130 108 48 688

Thames Valley 1054 918 233 664 601 744 531 764 272 747 122 380 716

RD7 142 125 152 67 373 112 366 93 183 90 244 40 550

RD8 86 78 218 34 706 50 680 71 225 70 114 44 773

RHW 180 160 169 98 520 128 484 127 213 119 50 45 600

RN3 151 124 210 109 596 91 582 95 263 94 96 67 776

RTH 317 274 318 243 687 204 603 245 347 243 119 125 760

RXQ 178 157 242 111 604 159 516 133 286 131 130 59 712

Wessex 1326 1181 148 718 570 1138 511 867 197 844 162 437 762

R1F 92 86 93 38 605 88 534 67 104 66 394 24 833

RBD 107 98 194 76 526 86 616 67 284 65 123 24 708

RD3 140 123 154 68 618 110 555 92 207 91 165 52 731

RDZ 183 165 158 99 616 162 463 105 229 97 165 47 766

RHM 221 196 173 132 500 162 543 144 236 143 56 84 869

RHU 346 298 121 166 572 305 400 218 161 218 174 120 692

RN506 82 76 92 42 452 71 549 56 125 53 132 25 640

RN541 80 74 189 50 560 68 632 64 219 61 131 30 933

RNZ 75 65 185 47 745 86 616 54 222 50 220 31 710

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 31: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 31

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 32: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 32

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

West Midlands 3202 2808 166 1736 581 1925 576 1998 232 1991 123 994 671

RBK 151 131 160 78 513 98 673 109 193 109 92 59 644

RJC 88 82 159 43 605 59 678 61 213 61 164 25 840

RJD 148 114 246 80 713 93 667 93 301 92 152 68 750

RJE 349 310 174 103 660 150 713 203 266 203 138 92 783

RKB 234 210 181 102 657 185 443 154 247 157 32 70 557

RL4 237 211 166 171 532 147 592 150 233 149 47 62 742

RLQ 129 112 188 60 583 78 500 79 266 78 103 39 641

RLT 110 92 98 69 493 67 567 67 134 68 59 52 654

RNA 223 191 105 112 661 78 654 134 149 134 45 58 621

RR1 496 438 162 273 568 274 620 272 261 264 102 125 672

RRK 253 227 216 205 615 161 634 175 274 175 109 84 655

RWP 210 186 156 100 530 109 495 137 212 137 234 64 656

RWP01 73 64 156 36 639 42 500 47 213 47 64 31 581

RXK 244 213 117 144 500 190 574 157 153 157 166 84 643

RXW 256 226 186 160 550 193 420 159 264 159 289 81 642

Yorkshire and the Humber

3994 3524 164 2692 496 2348 624 2365 242 2182 124 1471 712

RAE 218 197 152 215 377 148 642 119 252 118 102 71 789

RCB55 175 148 203 122 525 81 543 108 278 104 125 69 623

RCBCA 137 128 86 53 472 68 529 76 132 75 40 29 690

RCD 100 89 135 58 414 51 784 59 186 50 100 41 707

RCF 131 108 157 83 422 88 693 78 218 72 153 54 759

RFF 163 142 148 87 506 128 695 113 177 98 265 77 740

RFR 230 198 177 153 418 120 650 130 269 105 38 94 628

RFS 186 166 169 113 451 116 552 105 257 82 49 67 701

RHQ 435 379 172 291 564 200 750 259 251 258 120 147 803

RJL 333 293 188 165 655 227 590 179 302 157 153 96 740

RP5 288 258 171 180 556 233 554 183 230 155 97 114 632

RR8 509 456 171 471 420 262 710 321 243 319 103 194 732

RWA 369 325 182 252 591 240 475 211 280 211 265 132 720

RWY 277 240 154 146 500 150 740 146 253 146 103 109 798

RXF 443 397 144 303 508 235 562 278 205 232 78 176 625

England Total 30503 26788 165 18283 518 19138 575 19198 227 18583 130 10365 686

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 33: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 33

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 34: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 34

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients

first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

(patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB

or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy (patients first seen

2011-13)

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

(patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy

(patients first seen 2011-13)

North Wales 487 411 107 316 358 344 622 287 146 285 109 193 715

7A1A1 175 152 118 121 388 126 540 108 157 109 165 69 812

7A1A4 169 138 145 131 374 117 675 93 215 92 98 79 734

7A1AU 143 121 50 64 266 101 663 86 58 84 48 45 533

South Wales 1512 1326 124 977 367 992 544 924 177 923 116 577 627

7A2AJ 41 39 103 18 444 31 645 32 125 32 219 11 636

7A2AL 156 141 121 82 463 107 664 122 139 122 90 44 886

7A2BL 63 54 93 48 458 69 377 36 139 36 194 26 577

7A3B7 113 99 121 52 423 77 506 56 214 54 333 39 615

7A3C4 83 80 75 40 400 77 506 54 111 54 148 32 500

7A3C7 99 85 118 46 370 78 551 66 152 67 164 36 667

7A3CJ 63 56 214 38 526 82 561 41 293 41 49 30 800

7A4C1 278 247 113 216 287 142 577 147 190 147 88 91 714

7A5B1 142 117 137 97 423 92 326 81 198 81 86 58 310

7A5B3 127 107 159 77 403 73 644 79 215 79 127 47 745

7A6AM 107 97 124 85 259 33 636 65 185 65 31 45 511

7A6AR 240 204 123 164 341 119 563 145 172 145 76 113 619

Wales Total 1999 1737 120 1293 365 1336 564 1211 170 1208 114 770 649

England and Wales Total

32502 28525 162 19576 508 20474 574 20409 224 19791 129 11135 684

Last years results

2012 England and Wales Total

33035 29054 162 6849 504 7203 572 20881 219 19977 158 3686 679

Difference -533 -529 01 NA NA NA NA -472 05 -186 -29 NA NA

Counts aggregated by place first seen trust

Range Network

Min 107 358 497 146 87 615

LQ 146 476 538 196 114 667

Median 158 510 576 210 122 673

UQ 172 566 620 237 130 714

Max 233 601 642 296 210 762

Range Trust

Min 09 189 326 14 00 310

LQ 121 434 510 176 78 625

Median 155 512 591 215 117 688

UQ 186 590 650 262 159 750

Max 318 796 825 405 566 933

Mean 158 508 580 216 130 681

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 35: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 35

Indicator Definition

Actual number Number of cases with date first seen in year specified lt50 50-75 gt=75

Number of NSCLC Number of NSCLC cases

of NSCLC having Surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases)

lt16 gt=16

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = NSCLC cases with TNM Stage IA IB IIA or IIB (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt52 gt=52

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IIIB or IV (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present

(denominator = NSCLC cases with Performance Status 0 or 1 and TNM Stage IIIB or IV (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt60 gt=60

Number of histologically confirmed NSCLC Number of histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases

histologically confirmed NSCLC having surgery Complete when Surgery Procedure Date is present (excluding where Primary Procedure (OPCS) = E595)

(denominator = histologically-confirmed NSCLC cases)

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC Number of pre-treatment NSCLC cases

pre-treatment NSCLC histology NOS Percentage of pre-treatment NSCLC cases with Histology NOS (M80463)

(denominator = pre-treatment NSCLC cases)

gt20 lt=20

Number of patients small cell lung cancer (patients first seen 2011-13)

Number of SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13)

small cell receiving chemotherapy (patients first seen 2011-13)

Complete when Chemotherapy Start Date is present (denominator = SCLC cases (covering patients first seen 2011-13))

lt70 gt=70

Measures highlighted with an asterisk cover patients first seen across three years (2011 to 2013) produce a more reliable estimate for measures where annual numbers of cases are small Last years results covered one year only so are not directly comparable to the results in this years report

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 36: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 36

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 37: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 37

Table 2a Process nursing imaging and clinical measures England and Wales (2013 all) part 2

Code Actual number Number of NSCLC of NSCLC having Surgery

NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

of NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB having surgery

Number of PS0-1 NSCLC

Stage IIIB or IV

PS0-1 Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC having

chemotherapy

Number of histologically

confirmed NSCLC

histologically confirmed NSCLC

having surgery

Number of pre-treatment NSCLC

pre-treatment NSCLC histology

NOS

Number of patients small cell lung cancer

small cell receiving chemotherapy

SCAN 1189 1035 157 298 453 261 483 671 238 608 122 142 592

Borders 77 65 185 16 500 13 692 42 262 36 167 12 750

Dumfries and Galloway 102 87 126 11 727 23 696 64 172 64 94 15 733

Fife 300 267 94 69 333 56 571 152 164 139 108 30 400

Lothian 710 616 185 202 475 169 408 413 274 369 127 85 612

WoSCAN 2589 2218 168 640 452 525 509 1494 245 1404 135 350 729

Ayrshire and Arran 391 344 116 80 375 81 556 214 187 202 79 43 767

Clyde 366 310 139 89 416 63 460 194 222 172 180 52 635

Forth Valley 224 187 198 54 556 37 514 140 250 136 191 34 765

Lanarkshire 521 445 184 131 458 123 707 314 261 313 93 72 806

North Glasgow 720 610 198 186 495 143 364 437 275 412 146 106 698

South Glasgow 367 322 152 100 400 78 449 195 236 169 160 43 721

NoSCAN 957 738 127 161 472 221 511 587 160 574 185 130 738

Grampian 371 318 119 61 443 105 467 236 161 229 135 46 783

Orkney 0

Shetland 13 12 00 1 00 5 400 5 00 5 400 1 1000

Highland 214 182 121 40 550 44 455 132 167 129 140 30 967

Argyll and Clyde (H) 27 26 192 7 571 5 400 18 278 14 214 1 00

Western Isles 12 10 300 2 500 2 1000 6 500 6 333 2 500

Tayside 320 190 137 50 440 60 633 190 137 191 262 50 580

Scotland total 4735 3991 157 1099 455 1007 502 2752 225 2586 143 622 699

Last years results (including mesothelioma)

2012 Scotland Total 4810 2641 205 632 706

Difference -75 111 20 -10 -07

Counts aggregated by place first seen health board

Range Health Board

Min 00 00 364 00 27 00

LQ 121 412 439 166 105 604

Median 145 467 490 229 153 727

UQ 187 513 648 265 197 771

Max 300 727 1000 500 400 1000

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 38: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 38

Focus on Organisational Analysis

Organisational analysis

One explanation for the variation in lung cancer process and outcome measures is different access to diagnostics and treatment specialists however little is known about the provision of these services across English lung cancer services

An electronic survey was sent to all lung cancer lead clinicians in England and Wales in January 2014 The survey included seven questions for all MDTs on service provision diagnostic services staging services and lung cancer treatment There were a further three questions for treatment centres Two reminders were sent and the survey closed in May 2014

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 39: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 39

128 records were submitted from 176 Trusts (see Table 1a for individual Trust participation status) After removal of duplicate and empty records 101 were available for analysis Mean (range) average number of patients discussed per MDT meeting is 255 (5-875) and 287 per cent Trusts have a separate diagnostic meeting There is considerable variation in the mean (range) number of whole time equivalent (WTE) on site lung cancer specialists eg thoracic pathologists 14 (0-10) lung CNS 20 (05-10) and respiratory physicians 39 (0-20) Most diagnostic and staging procedures are available either on or off site although medical thoracoscopy is not available to 140 per cent of Trusts (See Figure 11) Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are available on site in 892 per cent 333 per cent and 182 per cent of Trusts respectively VAT lobectomy stereotactic radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are not available to 54 per cent 65 per cent and 97 per cent of Trusts respectively (See Figure 12) Centres performing thoracic surgery report mean (range) WTE number of surgeons at 15 (0-6) and thoracic HDU beds at 4 (0-24) Acute oncology services are available to 880 per cent of chemotherapy treatment centres and 871 per cent of radiotherapy centres

Figure 11 Diagnostics availability

Mediastinoscopy

VAT

EGFR testing

PET

ALK testing

LA thoracoscopy

EUS

EBUS

CPEX

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 40: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 40

These data provide a moderately representative snapshot of diagnostic and treatment services available for lung cancer patients in England and Wales There is significant variation in the number of specialists available and some patients do not have access to key treatment modalities eg VAT lobectomy Further work is required to determine how this relates to patient experience and outcomes All Trusts are encouraged to submit validated data for the next round of organisational audit

Figure 12 Therapeutics availability

SABR

VAT Lobectomy

Thoracic Surgery

RFA

Conventional RT

Biological therapy

Chemotherapy

Palliative Care

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not available

On site

Off site

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 41: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 41

Focus on Demographics

Demographics

The audit collects rich and high quality data on patients that is informative with respect to the demographics of the population analysed in the audit report Median age at diagnosis is 74 years and the overall age distribution is shown in Figure 13 544 per cent of patients are male Figure 14 shows the age at diagnosis by audit year The distribution of socio-economic status is shown in Figure 15

The audit also collects data on the route patients take to their secondary care lung cancer team Overall 211 per cent of patients in England and Wales are referred through a non-elective pathway (following an emergency admission to hospital or after an Accident and emergency attendance) This route of referral is associated with a worse outcome and may reflect the performance of primary care services The route of referral for patients by SCN is shown in Figure 16

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 42: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 42

Figure 13 Age at Diagnosis (all lung cancers)

1200Number of Patients

1000

800

600

400

200

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Age at Diagnosis

Figure 14 Age at Diagnosis by Audit Year (all lung cancers)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0lt50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+

Age band - all lung cancer patients

Percentage of Patients

2012

2013

2010

2011

2008

2009

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 43: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 43

Figure 15 Index of Multiple Deprivations (all lung cancers)

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0Quintile 1 ndash

most deprivedQuintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 ndash

least deprived

Index of multiple deprivation

Number of Patients

Figure 16 Referral source by SCN

South East Coast

East of England

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

South West

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South Wales

Northern England

North Wales

East Midlands

London Cancer

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not knownrecorded

GP

Other

Emergency

Other consultant

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 44: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 44

In 2013 access to lung cancer nurse specialists (LCNS) has increased further as shown in the ldquoStandards of Carerdquo section

As in previous years we highlight the association between access to nurse specialists and receipt of anti-cancer treatment (Figure 17) For example in 2013 656 per cent of those who saw a LCNS received anti-cancer treatment compared to 271 per cent of those who did not see a LCNS

This has been the subject of a more detailed analysis carried out by Sheffield Hallam University The report entitled ldquoOpening doors to treatment Exploring the impact of lung cancer specialist nurses on access to anti-cancer treatment an exploratory case studyrdquo can be viewed at httpbitlyYyiUB3

Focus on Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialists

Figure 17Proportion of patients receiving active treatment ()

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Seen by LCNS 656 666 653 644 648 594

Not seen by LCNS 271 274 287 298 304 306

Data not recorded 354 397 448 448 526 510

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 45: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 45

Treatment of lung cancer aims to prolong survival and improve quality of life by improving symptoms Median survival (the time taken for 500 per cent of the patients to die from their cancer) is one way of measuring survival of the whole cohort of patients in England and Wales from 2013 (the audit does not receive data of death on patients submitted from Scotland and so is unable to calculate survival in this group) The graphs below demonstrate the survival patterns of the whole cohort (Figure 18) patients with NSCLC (Figure 19) and patients with SCLC (Figure 20) from England and Wales

Figure 21 shows the crude median survival for Cancer Networks in England and Wales Each result is made up of the results from individual hospitals in that region Results for individual hospitals will be available in the online audit reports and will include statistically adjusted data to take account of differing clinical features of patients (such as age Stage and Performance Status) Survival data has to be interpreted with caution to avoid making inappropriate judgements

Focus on Mortality and Survival

Mortality and Survival

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 46: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 46

Figure 18 Survival curve for all lung cancer (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival 232 days

Figure 19 Survival curves by Stage for all NSCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median survival Stage 1 ndash not reached Stage 2 ndash not reached Stage 3 ndash 293 days Stage 4 ndash 100 days

All lung cancer

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 47: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 47

Figure 20 Survival curves by Stage for all SCLC (2013)

1Proportion still alive

075

05

025

0100 200 300 400 500

Days

Median Survival Limited stage ndash 361 days Extensive stage ndash 161 days

Limited stage

Extensive stage

All NSCLC

All lung cancer

Figure 21 Median survival (months) by SCN for all lung cancer (2013)

8Number of Months

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Che

shire

and

M

erse

ysid

e

East

Mid

land

s

East

of E

ngla

nd

Lond

on C

ance

r

Lond

on C

ance

r Alli

ance

Man

ches

ter

Lanc

s an

d S

Cum

bria

Nor

ther

n En

glan

d

Sout

h Ea

st C

oast

Sout

h W

est

Tham

es V

alle

y

Wes

sex

Wes

t Mid

land

s

York

shire

and

th

e H

umbe

r

Nor

th W

ales

Sout

h W

ales

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 48: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 48

Focus on Co-Morbidity

The Importance of Co-Morbidity

Patients who develop lung cancer often have other illnesses (co-morbidities) that influence their ability to undergo the range of investigations and treatments that might otherwise be recommended for them These co-morbidities tend to be more common in lung cancer patients than with other cancer types due to the age distribution of the disease (see Focus on Demographics) as well as the link with smoking which is associated with lung disease heart disease and stroke

As noted in other sections in order to assess and compare the performance of services for lung cancer patients it is necessary to take into account the different populations of patients managed by different organisations Case-mix adjustment has historically taken into account the age sex disease stage performance status and socio-economic status but the audit does record information about co-morbidity which has the potential to be used as well This section examines the co-morbidity data in the audit and discusses its limitations

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 49: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 49

The NLCA co-morbidities consist of

bull Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)bull DementiaCerebrovascular diseasebull Cardiovascular diseasebull Renal failurebull Other malignancybull Severe weight lossbull Other co-morbidity

Methods of Recording Co-MorbidityCo-morbidity is defined as a disease or illness affecting a cancer patient in addition to but not as a result of their current cancer Although there are well established methods for recording the type and severity of co-morbidities (such as the Adult Co-Morbidity Evaluation-27 score) they are time consuming and have been considered to be impractical for use in the clinical setting as well as placing an unacceptable burden on cancer teams if used for audit purposes

Since the inception of the NLCA a different method has been used to record co-morbidity Rather than record all diseases the audit asks whether the patient has specific co-morbidities (see opposite) that affects the management of the patient For example a patient who would have undergone a surgical operation for their cancer if it were not for their having severe lung disease will have this recorded but not if the lung disease is so mild that they were still able to undergo the surgery Unfortunately previous analysis of the audit data has suggested that organisations have not fully understood this methodology and furthermore it may have been inadequately completed thus limiting the usefulness of the data

Apart from co-morbidity the audit does record ldquoPerformance Statusrdquo which quantifies general well-being and quality of life This data field is very well completed by most organisations (see ldquoAccuracy of Data in This Reportrdquo) and is considered by some to be a surrogate marker for co-morbidity

A further method of recording co-morbidity has begun to be used in recent years All patients admitted to hospital in England have information about their co-morbidities recorded in a system known as ldquoHospital Episode Statisticsrdquo (HES) which can be used to calculate a co-morbidity score known as a Charlson Index Unfortunately at present this data is only available for in-patient episodes although it is hoped that similar data will be available for out-patient episodes in the future Furthermore the HES data is not completely accurate and so it has to be interpreted with a note of caution

This year the case-mix adjusted data published online will include HES-derived co-morbidity for the first time

Lung FunctionAs well as recording the presence of lung disease as a relevant co-morbidity the audit also records the exact level of lung function on individual patients Two measurements are recorded ndash the absolute value and the percentage predicted of the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) These are of most importance in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their cancer since the pre-operative lung function provides an important guide to the risk of the procedure and the likelihood of breathing problems afterwards

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 50: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 50

Case Mix AdjustmentA typical explanation for different audit results from different organisations (Hospital Trusts or Cancer Networks) is that there is a different case-mix For example a Hospital with a low treatment rate might argue that the patients they treat are older more socially deprived have more advanced disease or poorer fitness (Performance Status)

The NLCA collects data that allows such factors to be taken into account Taking anti-cancer treatment as an example a statistical technique known as logistic regression calculates the likelihood of a patient in an organisation getting treatment compared to a baseline (typically the largest organisation) assuming that patients are matched for their case-mix

This measure of likelihood of treatment is called an odds ratio The baseline organisation will always have an odds ratio of 10 If Hospital X has an odds ratio

of 09 we can say that patients in that Hospital are 10 per cent less likely to have treatment (10 minus 09 converted to a percentage) Odds ratios have a further benefit in that they provide so-called confidence intervals indicating how confident we can be that the observed differences are statistically important

Improvements in data collection mean that Stage and Performance Status are now recorded in over 90 per cent of cases In order to further refine the statistical analyses it is important in future that organisations improve recording of co-morbidity and lung function As mentioned in ldquoKey Recommendationsrdquo we have suggested that for those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 850 per cent of cases and for patients with Stage I-II and PS 0-1 completeness for FEV1 and FEV1 should exceed 750 per cent

What Does the Data Tell UsOverall 179 per cent of patients have a Performance Status of 0 (fittest patients) with 309 per cent having PS 1 196 per cent having PS 2 180 per cent having PS 3 and 64 per cent PS 4 (least fit patients) Figure 22 below shows the distribution of PS in each SCN This proportion with PS 0-1 represents those likely to be fit enough to receive radical (curative) treatment

Figure 22 Performance Status Distribution in each SCN

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands

London Cancer

East Midlands

South Wales

Northern England

South East Coast

England and Wales total

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

East of England

South West

North Wales

Wessex

Thames Valley

0 20 40 60 80 100

Not recorded

PS 0-1

PS 2-4

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 51: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 51

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) precluded first choice treatment for 460 English patients (15 per cent of total cases) Proportions by SCN ranged from 02 to 47 per cent (see Figure 23) Other co-morbidities (not including COPD) precluded first choice treatment for an additional 1458 English patients (48 per cent of total cases) ranging from 14 to 139 per cent at SCN-level (also see Figure 23) London Cancer had the highest proportion of patients in both categories and their overall rate of 186 per cent is 500 per cent greater than the next highest network (120 per cent for London

Cancer Alliance) As mentioned above these results should be interpreted with caution

Of patients with non-COPD co-morbidity 822 per cent had the nature of the co-morbidity recorded with data completeness varying widely between SCNs (171 to 942 per cent ndash see Figure 24) Other Significant co-morbidity is by far the most common co-morbidity type reported (477 per cent) having more than double the proportion of the next highest co-morbidity type (cardiovascular disease with 194 per cent ndash see Figure 25)

Figure 23 Proportion of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (including COPD)

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

East Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

Northern England

South West

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

South East Coast

West Midlands

Thames Valley

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

COPD

England total COPD

Figure 24 Completeness of nature of co-morbidity for patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment by SCN (excluding COPD)

East Midlands

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

London Cancer

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West

Thames Valley

Northern England

South East Coast

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

West Midlands

Wessex

Cheshire and Merseyside

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co-morbidity (Not COPD)

England total (Not COPD)

England total

Co-morbidity reported

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 52: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 52

For patients of good performance status and earlier stage cancer (ie the population of patients most likely to be considered for surgical treatment) the overall proportion having the percentage predicted FEV1 recorded is 671 per cent The variation in recording of this data across the SCNs is shown in Figure 26 The median and interquartile range of the FEV1 predicted for this population of patients is shown in Figure 27

Figure 25 Nature of co-morbidity of patients where co-morbidity precluded treatment (excluding COPD)

Any Co-morbidity reported

Other Significant Co-morbidity

Cardiovascular Disease

Other Malignancy

Severe Weight Loss

Dementia Cerebrovascular Disease

Renal Failure

0 20 40 60 80 100

Comorbidity reported

Figure 26 Proportion of Patients with FEV1 predicted recorded (PS 0-1 Stage 1-2)

South Wales

North Wales

Northern England

East Midlands

Wessex

London Cancer

Thames Valley

West Midlands

England and Wales total

Cheshire and Merseyside

London Cancer Alliance

East of England

Yorkshire and the Humber

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

South West

South East Coast

0 20 40 60 80 100

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 53: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 53

Tertiary TrustsMost activity relating to lung cancer initial diagnosis occurs in the secondary care Trusts which range from small district general hospitals to large teaching hospitals Subsequent treatment often take place in the same Trust or for some smaller Trusts the patient may be transferred to another secondary care organisation Activity in these organisations is well represented by the audit since the analysis of cases by ldquoplace first seenrdquo allocates patients to the decision-making multi-disciplinary team

However there are several Tertiary Trusts which do not provide diagnostic services and which are therefore only rarely the ldquoplace first seenrdquo These Trusts do provide a very important treatment service for patients both in their local area but also on a regionalnational basis and for this reason we have chosen to record their activity separately as shown in the Table below (Figure 28) Due to the absence of a common denominator it is not possible to compare outcomes in these organisations at the present time

Figure 28Tertiary Treatment Centre Counts

Trust Code Trust Name Surgery (n)

Chemotherapy (n)

Teletherapy (n)

Brachytherapy (n)

Radiotherapy (n)

Any (n)

RBV The Christie NHS Foundation Trust 0 471 759 11 759 1011

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust 1 465 464 0 464 712

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 138 0 0 0 0 138

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust 461 244 2 0 2 581

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 0 160 119 1 120 253

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust 290 0 0 0 0 290

Figure 27 FEV1 median and IQR - PS0-1 NSCLC Stage IA IB IIA or IIB

Cheshire and Merseyside

East Midlands

East of England

London Cancer

London Cancer Alliance

Manchester Lancs and S Cumbria

Northern England

South East Coast

South West

Thames Valley

Wessex

West Midlands

Yorkshire and the Humber

North Wales

South Wales

England and Wales total

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

FEV1

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 54: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 54

Appendix 1 Trust and Health Board Identification for England and Wales

LC London Cancer

R1HKH Barts Health NHS Trust (Whipps Cross)

R1HM0 Barts Health NHS Trust (St Barts)

R1HNH Barts Health NHS Trust (Newham)

RAL Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

RAP North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RF4 Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust

RKE The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

RQW The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust

RQX Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRV University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVL Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust

N40 London Cancer Alliance

RAS The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RAX Kingston Hospital NHS Trust

RC3 Ealing Hospital NHS Trust

RFW West Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust

RJ1 Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

RJ2 Lewisham Healthcare NHS Trust

RJ6 Croydon Health Services NHS Trust

RJ7 St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust

RJZ Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RPY The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust

RQM Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RT3 Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

RV8 North West London Hospitals NHS Trust

RVR Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYJ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

RYQ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

N50 Cheshire and Merseyside

LLCU Liverpool Lung Cancer Unit

RBL Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RBN St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust

REM Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

REN The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

RJR Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RVY Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust

RWW Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

N51 Greater Manchester Lancashire and South Cumbria

RBT Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJN East Cheshire NHS Trust

RM2 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust

RM3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

RMC Bolton NHS Foundation Trust

RMP Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RRF Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust

RTX University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust

RW3 Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RW6 Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

RWJ Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

RXL Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXN Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RXR East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

N52 Northern England

RE9 South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

RLN City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust

RNL North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust

RR7 Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

RTD The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTF Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RTR South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVW North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

RXP County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust

N53 Yorkshire and The Humber

RAE Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RCB55 York Hospital (Historic RCB)

RCBCA Scarborough General Hospital (Historic RCC)

RCD Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust

RCF Airedale NHS Foundation Trust

RFF Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RFR The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust

RFS Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHQ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RJL Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RP5 Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RR8 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

RWA Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWY Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust

RXF Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust

N54 East of England

RAJ Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RC1 Bedford Hospital NHS Trust

RC9 Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RCX The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

RDD Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RDE Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust

RGM Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RGN Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGP James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RGQ Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust

RGR West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust

RGT Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RM1 Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RQ8 Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust

RQQ Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust

RWG West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWH East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust

N55 East Midlands

RJF Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RK5 Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RNQ Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RNS Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust

RTG Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RWD United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust

RWE University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

RX1 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 55: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 55

N56 West Midlands

RBK Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

RJC South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJD Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust

RJE University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust

RKB University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust

RL4 The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust

RLQ Wye Valley NHS Trust

RLT George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust

RNA The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust

RR1 Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust

RRK University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

RWP Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP3150)

RWP01 Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (RWP01)

RXK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust

RXW Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust

N57 South West

RA3 Weston Area Health NHS Trust

RA4 Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RA7 University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

RA9 South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

RBA Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust

RBZ Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

RD1 Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust

REF Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust

RH8 Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

RK9 Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RTE Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RVJ North Bristol NHS Trust

N58 South East Coast

RA2 Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDU Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RN7 Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust

RPA Medway NHS Foundation Trust

RTK Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTP Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RVV East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

RWF Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust

RXC East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust

RXH Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

RYR16 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR16)

RYR18 Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust (RYR18)

N59 Thames Valley

RD7 Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RD8 Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RHW Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust

RN3 Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RTH Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

RXQ Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

N60 Wessex

R1F Isle of Wight NHS Trust

RBD Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RD3 Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

RDZ The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

RHM University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

RHU Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

RN506 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN5)

RN541 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RN1)

RNZ Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust

NWW North Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A1A1 Ysbyty Glan Clwyd

7A1A4 Wrexham Maelor Hospital

7A1AU Ysbyty Gwynedd

SWCN South Wales Regional Cancer Network

7A2AJ Bronglais General Hospital

7A2AL Prince Philip Hospital

7A2BL Withybush General Hospital

7A3B7 Princess of Wales Hospital

7A3C4 Singleton Hospital

7A3C7 Morriston Hospital

7A3CJ Neath Port Talbot Hospital

7A4C1 University Hospital Llandough

7A5B1 The Royal Glamorgan Hospital

7A5B3 Prince Charles Hospital Site

7A6AM Nevill Hall Hospital

7A6AR Royal Gwent Hospital

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 56: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 56

Appendix 2 Local Action Plan

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Data Completeness and Quality

The organisation participates in this national audit

Contact Clinical Audit Support Unit (nlcahscicgovuk) Visit httpwwwicnhsuklung for information Obtain read and disseminate the Lung Cancer Audit Annual Report

Cancer Manager GovernanceLead

Data on all patients diagnosed withlung cancer are submitted to the audit

Use MDT meetings to capture all cases discussed Try to record cases in real time or near real time Do not delay case upload until the deadline Liaise with pathology departments to correlate cases Work with IT department to set up CSV file upload facility if information is collected on a third party system or identify resources to input data directly

MDT Chair

All relevant data fields arecompleted for each patient

Use proforma for data collection at MDT Identify key person to quality assure data prior to submission Ensure data inputters understand clinical implications of data Map and allocate responsibility along patient pathway Agree protocols and submission routes for patients that are treated across different organisations

Data Co-ordinator Cancer Manager Network Manager

Key data fields including stage and performance status should be completed in at least 85 per cent and in at least 95 per cent with respect to the MDT field

Refer to the documentation on the National Lung Cancer Audit website and ensure that key fields are completed for all relevant cases MDT Chair assists Co-ordinator by ensuring that stage performance status and other key fields are discussed and recorded for each patient

MDT Chair DataCo-ordinator CancerManager Network Manager

FEV1 absolute and FEV1 predicted for stage I and II NSCLC patients with PS 0 or 1 should be recorded in at least 85 per cent

Record data in real time at MDT where possible foster links with physiology departments to obtain data on relevant patients quality assure data prior to submission

For those patients who do not receive the first choice treatment due to a co-morbidity details of the co-morbidity should be provided in at least 85 per cent of cases

Ensure that all relevant co-morbidity data is discussed at MDT and ensure that cases where co-morbidity prevents treatment of choice are submitted to the audit It is important that the collected data adheres to the definitions in the LUCADA data manual

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 57: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 57

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Process of Care

Over 95 per cent of patients submitted to the audit are discussed at an MDT

Liaise with cancer waiting times team to identify lung cancer referrals Liaise with radiology department to identify all imaging suspicious of lung cancer or mesothelioma Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The Histological Confirmation Rate should be at least 75 per cent

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlierEnsure all histological diagnoses are submitted to the audit including those confirmed only by resection Liaise with pathology department to identify cases

Review clinical diagnoses and diagnostics protocols if HCR is below optimum

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead

The proportion of patients receiving CT prior to bronchoscopy should exceed 95 per cent

Ensure that all CT bronchoscopy data is submitted to the audit Review patient pathway and individual clinician practices

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Radiologists

Over 80 per cent of patients are seen by a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist

Review the specialist nurse service ensuring all nursing posts are staffed and that clear referral pathways exist

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

Over 80 per cent of patients have a Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist present at the time of diagnosis

Review the specialist nurse service allocate extra nursing support alongside lung cancer clinics

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

PET Scan dates should be recorded for all relevant cases

Ensure that all PET data is captured at MDT submitted to the audit

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse

NSCLC NOS rate of more than 20 per cent should be reviewed to ensure that best practice histological diagnostic techniques including immunohistochemistry are being followed in order that patients receive appropriate chemotherapy regimens

Ensure that Pathologist is an integral part of the lung MDT and understands the importance of tumour subtyping Ensure that a locally-approved panel of immunohistochemical markers are being used for subtyping and that locally-approved appropriate mutation-testing is being applied

MDT Chair Pathologist Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Specialist Nurse MDT Co-ordinator

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 58: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 58

Recommendation Achieved YNPNK

Planned Action

Suggested Actions Suggested Responsibility

Date Plan Actioned

Date Issue Resolves

Clinical Outcomes

Surgical resection rates for NSCLC below 16 per cent must be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Surgical resection rates for Stage III NSCLC below 52 per cent must be reviewed

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all surgical resections are submitted to the audit If data is complete then review treatment policies for early stage lung cancer in patients with good performance status Ensure that the Thoracic Surgeon attends MDT meetings Consider offering a second opinion in borderline cases

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead Thoracic Surgeons

Active anti-cancer treatment rates below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients Review pathway from diagnosis to treatment to ensure it is as expeditious as possible

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for small cell lung cancer below 70 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for small cell lung cancer patients

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Chemotherapy rates for patientsof PS 0-1 with advanced stageNSCLC IIIBIV below 60 per cent should be reviewed

To be reviewed in light of case-mix adjusted odds ratio

This result should be interpreted in conjunction with the case-mix adjusted odds ratio which might better reflect whether the organisation is an outlier

Ensure that all treatments are submitted to the audit Review treatment policies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with advanced stage

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Low median survival as demonstrated by a case-mix adjusted hazard ratio significantly below the baseline should be investigated

Ensure that all relevant data has been submitted to the audit Identify areas where audit standards have not been met or where CMA demonstrates the Trust to be an outlier and review

MDT Chair Lung Cancer Clinical Lead MDT members

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 59: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 59

Appendix 3 References

1 National Cancer Intelligence Network Cancer survival in England by stage 2012 Accessible at httpwwwncinorgukpublicationssurvival_by_stage

2 Leading the information revolution in cancer intelligence why the National Lung Cancer Audit is the key to transforming lung cancer outcomes 2014 Accessible at httpwwwroycastleorgResourcesRoy20CastleDocumentsPDFleading-the-information-revolution-in-cancer-intelligencepdf

3 Lung Cancer Interactive Map Accessible via httpwwwroycastleorgnews-and-campaigningCampaignsinteractive-map

4 httpwwwlondonhpnhsukservicescancerimplementationintegrated-cancer-systems

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 60: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 60

Appendix 4 Glossary

Adenocarcinoma a type of cancer arising from glandular tissue

Anti-cancer treatment (active treatment) a term used to define treatments for lung cancer that have an effect on the tumour itself not just on symptoms In lung cancer patients these are most often surgery chemotherapy radiotherapy or a combination

Benchmarking a method of comparing processes and outcomes against standards

Biopsy removal and examination of tissue usually microscopic to establish a precise (histological) diagnosis

Bronchoscopy a procedure for examining the airways by inserting an instrument (bronchoscope) into the trachea and lungs normally via the nose Enables a bronchial biopsy to be taken

Bronchial biopsy removal of a small piece of lung tissue during a bronchoscopy in order to make a histological diagnosis

Cancer Registry ies organisations who systematically collect high level data about all cases of cancer in the UK Cancer registries are unique in being able to provide historical trend and population-based data to monitor changes in cancer incidence or survival over long periods of time

Case ascertainment the number of cases of lung cancer actually recorded by an organisation as a proportion of the number expected Gives assurance that organisations are submitting data on all relevant cases

Case-mix refers to the different characteristics of patients seen in different hospitals (for example age sex disease stage social deprivation and general health) Knowledge of differing case-mix enables a more accurate method of comparing quality of care (case-mix adjustment)

Case-mix adjustment a statistical method of comparing quality of care between organisations that takes into account important and measurable patient characteristics

Chemotherapy medicines used in the treatment of cancer that can be given by mouth or by injection

Common denominator (in a non-mathematical context) factors that link objects (eg hospitals) together

Co-morbidity medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to the disease under investigation (in this case lung cancer) In the NLCA this is recorded when a co-morbidity restricts the type of treatment that can be given for lung cancer

CT scan the abbreviated term for computed or computerised axial tomography These are tests that produces detailed images of the body using X-rays images that are enhanced by a computer

Cytological refers to a pathological examination of cells outside the architecture of the actual tissue or organ they are taken from (as opposed to histological)

Data completeness a measure of the standard of data submitted to the audit both in terms of the numbers of cases submitted as well as the data on each individual case

Diagnosis confirming the presence of the disease

Health Board an organisation providing healthcare services in Scotland and Wales A health board may manage one or several hospitals within a region

Histological refers to a pathological examination of cells within the architecture of a tissue or organ rather than just the cells themselves (as opposed to cytological)

Hospital Trust an organisation providing secondary healthcare services in England A hospital trust may be made up of one or several hospitals within a region

Improving Outcomes in Lung Cancer project (ILCOP) a project sponsored by the Health Foundation and managed by the Royal College of Physicians to look at ways to improve care offered to people diagnosed with lung cancer

Integrated Cancer Systems (ICS) a group of providers that come together in a formal governed way to provide comprehensive seamless cancer patient pathways

Interquartile range the range of a particular variable excluding the highest quarter and lowest quarter of the values recorded Can be useful to give a sense of the spread of a set of data without being affected by very high or very low results

Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist a nurse specialising in care of people diagnosed with lung cancer or mesothelioma

Lobectomy an operation to remove a whole section (lobe) of lung tissue ndash see also wedge resection There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung

Lead Clinician healthcare professional in a hospital taking overall responsibility for the services provided for a specific disease area

Lymph nodes small oval-shaped organs of the immune system whose main job is to fight infection Distributed widely throughout the body (including the neck armpit abdomen and thorax) they are a common place for cancers to spread

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre National Lung Cancer Audit All rights reserved 61

MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

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MDT multi-disciplinary team a group of healthcare professionals working in a co-ordinated manner for patient care

Mediastinum Mediastinal refers to an area within the centre of the thorax (chest) between the two lungs where the heart blood vessels and lymph nodes are found

Mediastinotomy oscopy an operation that enables visualization and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes These procedures are often used to determine whether a cancer has spread to the lymph nodes which affects the stage of the disease

Mesothelioma cancer of the lining of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos

Metastasis cancer that has spread from the place where it was formed to grow in another part of the body

Network see lsquoCancer Networkrsquo

NLCA National Lung Cancer Audit

Nodule (lung nodule) a small abnormality on the lung often found on chest X-rays or CT scans Most lung nodules are non-cancerous (benign) However some lung nodules may be cancerous - either early-stage lung cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the lungs from another site in the body

Non-small cell carcinoma a group of types of lung cancer sharing certain characteristics that makes up 85-90 per cent of all lung cancers Includes squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma See also small cell carcinoma

NOS not otherwise specified In the case of NSCLC histology this implies that the histological diagnosis has not been sub-classified to a particular cell type eg squamous carcinoma adenocarcinoma etc

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

Operability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the patientsrsquo ability to cope with both the operation and the subsequent reduction of lung volume and function See also resectability

Performance Status a systematic method of recording the ability of an individual to undertake the tasks of normal daily life compared with that of a normal person

PET Scan an abbreviation for positron emission tomography This is a computerised diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine structures of the body Nowadays usually combined with a CT scan (PET-CT scan) It produces a three-dimensional image that reflects the metabolic and chemical activity of the body

Radiologist a doctor specialising in the use of imaging technologies including radiation to diagnose and treat disease

Radiotherapy the treatment of cancer using radiation which is most often delivered by X-ray beams (external beam radiotherapy) but can be given internally (brachytherapy)

Resectability in the consideration of surgical treatment of a lung cancer refers to the ability of the surgeon to remove the tumour taking into account its location and stage See also operability

RCP abbreviation for The Royal College of Physicians the professional body of doctors practicing general medicine and its subspecialties

SCLC small cell carcinoma

Secondary care care provided by a hospital as opposed to that provided in the community by a general practitioner and allied staff (primary care)

Small cell lung cancer a type of lung cancer making up around 10-15 per cent of all lung cancers See also non-small cell carcinoma

Squamous Carcinoma a type of cancer arising from cells which line body cavities

Staging stage the anatomical extent of a cancer

Strategic Clinical Networks (SCNs) bring together groups of health professionals to support commissioners to improve services for a particular condition in order to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients

Surgical resection an operation to remove abnormal tissues or organs

Tertiary Centres hospitals that specialise in diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions often handling very complex cases Other hospitals may refer patients to these centres for specialist treatment

Thoracic surgeon specialist surgeon who operates on the chest and lungs

VATS stands for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery an approach to lung cancer surgery

Wedge resection an operation to remove a section of lung tissue smaller than a lobe ndash see also lobectomy

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission

Page 62: National Lung Cancer Audit Report 2014 - Microsoft · Audit Report 2014 Report for the audit period 2013. The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) plays a leading role in the delivery

Published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre Part of the Government Statistical Service

This publication may be requested in large print or other formats

For further information

wwwhscicgovuk0300 303 5678enquirieshscicgovuk

Copyright copy 2014 Health and Social Care Information Centre All rights reserved

This work remains the sole and exclusive property of the Health and Social Care Information Centre and may only be reproduced where there is explicit reference to the ownership of the Health and Social Care Information Centre

This work may be re-used by NHS and government organisations without permission