national parks as tourist attractions
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National parks as tourist attractions. Estanislao Plantada Siurans, Spain Joost Brandsma, the Netherlands Mathilde Jomain, France Anne Maria Sparf, Finland. Introduction. Four National Parks in Europe Emphasis: relationship between tourism and national parks - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
National parks as tourist National parks as tourist attractionsattractions Estanislao Plantada Siurans, Spain
Joost Brandsma, the NetherlandsMathilde Jomain, France
Anne Maria Sparf, Finland
IntroductionIntroduction
• Four National Parks in Europe• Emphasis: relationship between tourism
and national parks• What challenges and opportunities have
arisen in these parks?• Can we draw conclusions based on these
examples?
The examplesThe examples
Finland: The UKK National park in LaplandThe Netherlands: Nationaal Park De Hoge VeluweFrance: Parc National des Ecrins in the AlpesSpain: National Park Aigüestortes in Catalonia
The Urho Kekkonen National The Urho Kekkonen National Park in LaplandPark in Lapland
• Established: 1983• Visitors: 100.000 a year• Size: 2500 sq. km• Objectives of park:
– protect wilderness, mainly forest, fell and peatland ecosystems
– provide recreation/hiking possibilities
– preserve preconditions for traditional reindeer herding
The Urho Kekkonen National The Urho Kekkonen National Park in LaplandPark in Lapland
• Challenges:– Increasing amount of
visitors– Use of vehicles, such
as snowcats– Too large amount of
reindeer• Consequences:
– Erosion– Threats to wildlife
The Urho Kekkonen National The Urho Kekkonen National Park in LaplandPark in Lapland• Opportunities:
– Management plan– Increasing visitor
awareness– “Friend” parks across
the border– Park fees – increased
funding– Limiting visitor amounts
during sensitive times
Nationaal Park De Hoge VeluweNationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe• Established: 1935• Visitors: 600.000 a year• Size: 55 sq. km• Objectives of park: provide a
synergy between arts and nature, nature protection, leisure
• Attractions: Kröller-Müller Museum, St. Hubertus hunting lodge, Museonder, wildlife
Nationaal Park De Hoge VeluweNationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe
• Challenges:
Funding
Nature and wildlife protection
Landscape preservation
• Opportunities:
High educational value in both art and nature
Leisure function
Combination of nature and culture opens up the way for new attractions
Nationaal Park De Hoge VeluweNationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe
Culture... Kröller-Müller Museum St. Hubertus hunting lodge Museonder
Leisure... Restaurant ‘De Koperen Kop’ Cycling visitors
Nature... Red deer Sunlight in the forest The heathland
Parc des EcrinsParc des Ecrinsbetween protection and
development• Established: 1973• Visitors: 800.000 a year • Size: 270 sq. km• Objectives of park:
• Protection of alpine flora and fauna
Visitor management in Parc Visitor management in Parc National des EcrinsNational des Ecrins
• Classification of national park visitors: Pedagogical discoverers Faithful walkers Young sportsmen Low motivated tourists
• Impacts of the concentration of visitors on main sites negative for the environment,
positive for the management
• 11% growth of secondary residences between 1990 and 1999 in the villages situated in the Parc National des Ecrins
• Car frequentation in protected areas
• Massive because of the individual organisation of the journeys
Challenges in Parc National des Challenges in Parc National des EcrinsEcrins
• Artificialisation of space• Low economic consequences• Growth of the prices
of land and property• Housing difficulties • Traffic jams during summer
Consequences:Consequences:
The growing importance of tourism at The growing importance of tourism at Parc National des EcrinsParc National des Ecrins
• Visitor awareness has increased
• New objectives of park management:Management of visitors in
central zonesTourism marketingSustainable tourism
promotion
12 Nationals parks12 Nationals parks in Spainin Spain
1 National Park in Catalonia1 National Park in Catalonia
Established: 1955Visitors in 2001: 410.427 personsSize: 408 sq. kmObjectives of park: ecological preservation, fauna protection , environmental research and public use
Leisure time in the Leisure time in the
National ParkNational Park
Nature routes, trekking, hiking, Ascent high mountains,Climbing and mountain refugees…
ConclusionsConclusions
Rural Tourism around andin National Parks has increased lately...which has lead to growing tourism in parks
Tourism causes problems (mainlyconcerning nature protection),but is a necessary means to provide income for a National Park
It seems that expectations on national parks differ by nationality,i.e. what is wilderness to one is a park to another
National Parks can be centered on cultural as well as natural landscapes
The concept of a National Park is an attraction by itself