National Policy of Education National Policy of Education 19861986

Presentation Presentation

by Sudha Pandeyaby Sudha Pandeya

Needs of the PolicyNeeds of the Policy

Qualitative Development of Education.Qualitative Development of Education.Enhancement of Percentage of LiteracyEnhancement of Percentage of LiteracyChecking of Brain-drain.Checking of Brain-drain. Implementation of Free and Compulsory Implementation of Free and Compulsory

Education.Education.Removal of Wastage and Stagnation in Removal of Wastage and Stagnation in

Education.Education.Mordernisation of Curriculum And Mordernisation of Curriculum And

Improvement of Examination System.Improvement of Examination System.

Priorities Priorities

Universalising Elementary Education.Universalising Elementary Education. Envisaging Free and Compulsory Education for All Children Envisaging Free and Compulsory Education for All Children

up to the Age of 14 years.up to the Age of 14 years. Emphasising Gender Perspective in all Aspects of Planning.Emphasising Gender Perspective in all Aspects of Planning. Sensitising the Minds for Furthering the goals of Socialism, Sensitising the Minds for Furthering the goals of Socialism,

Secularism, and Democracy.Secularism, and Democracy. Fostering Research and Development to Ensure Self-Reliance Fostering Research and Development to Ensure Self-Reliance

in Technology. in Technology. Re-emphasising the place of Common Core-Curriculum with Re-emphasising the place of Common Core-Curriculum with

Regard to India’s Common Cultural Heritage, Egalitarianism, Regard to India’s Common Cultural Heritage, Egalitarianism, Protection of Environment, Removal of Social Vices,Small Protection of Environment, Removal of Social Vices,Small Family Norm And Inculcation of Scientific Temper. Family Norm And Inculcation of Scientific Temper.

SALIENT FEATURESSALIENT FEATURES Removal of disparit ies to equalise Removal of disparit ies to equalise

educational opportunit ies for those who educational opportunit ies for those who have been denied from equality.have been denied from equality.

Empowerment of women through Empowerment of women through education through provision of education through provision of vocational, technical and professional vocational, technical and professional education at different levels. education at different levels.

Education of Scheduled Castes by Education of Scheduled Castes by providing incentives to poor families to providing incentives to poor families to send their children school regularly t i l l send their children school regularly t i l l the age of 14 years. the age of 14 years.

Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme.Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme. Recruitment of teachers from Scheduled Recruitment of teachers from Scheduled

Castes.Castes. Constant verif ication to ensure the Constant verif ication to ensure the

enrolment retention and successful enrolment retention and successful completion of courses.completion of courses.

Hostel facil i t ies, location of school, Hostel facil i t ies, location of school, Balwadi and adult education should be Balwadi and adult education should be within reach..within reach..

For education of Scheduled Tribes, For education of Scheduled Tribes, schools should be opened in tribal areas.schools should be opened in tribal areas.

Socio-Cultural mil ieu of STs has its Socio-Cultural mil ieu of STs has its distinctive characteristics so curricula distinctive characteristics so curricula and devise instructional materials should and devise instructional materials should be in tribal language. be in tribal language.

Residential and Ashram schools should Residential and Ashram schools should be opened.be opened.

Anganwadi and Non-Formal and adult Anganwadi and Non-Formal and adult education centres wil l be opened.education centres wil l be opened.

Opening of special schools with hostel Opening of special schools with hostel facility at District Headquarters for facility at District Headquarters for handicapped. handicapped.

Adequate arrangement will be made to Adequate arrangement will be made to give them vocational training. give them vocational training.

Re-orientation of teachers training Re-orientation of teachers training programme to deal with special programme to deal with special difficulties of handicapped children. difficulties of handicapped children.

For Adults: Centres for continuing For Adults: Centres for continuing education in rural areas will be opened.education in rural areas will be opened.

Workers education through employers Workers education through employers Trade Unions and concerned agencies Trade Unions and concerned agencies of the government will be undertaken.of the government will be undertaken.

Use of radio, television and film as Use of radio, television and film as mass group learning media. mass group learning media.

Programme of Distance Learning Programme of Distance Learning should be applicable for those who are should be applicable for those who are unable to attend regular learning unable to attend regular learning classes.classes.

Challenge of Challenge of education: A Policy education: A Policy PerspectivePerspective

The Education Policy was divided into 12 The Education Policy was divided into 12 parts:-parts:-

DeclarationDeclaration The essence and role of educationThe essence and role of education National system of education.National system of education. Education for equality.Education for equality. Reorganization of education at different Reorganization of education at different

stages.stages.

contd.contd. Technical and management education.Technical and management education. Making the system work.Making the system work. Reorienting the content and process of Reorienting the content and process of

education.education. TeacherTeacher The management of educationThe management of education Resource and reviewResource and review The futureThe future

Reorganisation of education at Reorganisation of education at different stages.different stages.

Early childhood care and education Early childhood care and education – (ECCE) Reorganising the holistic – (ECCE) Reorganising the holistic

nature of child development – nature of child development – nutrition, health, social, mental, nutrition, health, social, mental, physical, moral and emotional physical, moral and emotional

development.development.Programme of ECCE will be child-Programme of ECCE will be child-oriented, focussed around play set oriented, focussed around play set

their own pace and be given their own pace and be given supplementary remedial supplementary remedial

instructions.instructions.The policy of non-detention at The policy of non-detention at

primary stage will be retained and primary stage will be retained and corporal punishment will be firmly corporal punishment will be firmly

excluded from the educational excluded from the educational system.system.

School timings and vacations School timings and vacations should be adjusted to the should be adjusted to the convenience of children.convenience of children.

In-school facilities there should be In-school facilities there should be at least two large all weather at least two large all weather

rooms, necessary toys, black-rooms, necessary toys, black-boards, maps, charts, and other boards, maps, charts, and other learning materials, at least two learning materials, at least two teachers. (OPERATION BLACK teachers. (OPERATION BLACK

BOARD)BOARD)A systematic programme of Non-A systematic programme of Non-formal education will be launched formal education will be launched

for school-drop outs, working for school-drop outs, working children and girls who cannot be children and girls who cannot be

done through voluntary attend done through voluntary attend whole-day school.whole-day school.

The running of non-formal centres The running of non-formal centres will agencies and Panchayati Raj will agencies and Panchayati Raj Institutions and the fund will be Institutions and the fund will be provided by the government.provided by the government.

Secondary EducationSecondary Education Secondary Education begins to expose Secondary Education begins to expose

students to the differentiated roles of students to the differentiated roles of science, humanities, and social science, humanities, and social sciences.sciences.

This also gives opportunities to This also gives opportunities to students to understand their students to understand their constitutional duties and rights as constitutional duties and rights as citizens.citizens.

Gifted children should be provided Gifted children should be provided opportunities to proceed at faster opportunities to proceed at faster pace by giving good quality education pace by giving good quality education irrespective of their capacity to pay irrespective of their capacity to pay for it.for it.

cc Tertiary level courses will be organised Tertiary level courses will be organised

for young graduates for higher for young graduates for higher secondary level.secondary level.

Non-formal flexible and needs-based Non-formal flexible and needs-based vocational programmes will also be vocational programmes will also be made available to neo literates school made available to neo literates school drop-outs, partially employed persons drop-outs, partially employed persons and women.and women.

It is proposed that vocational courses It is proposed that vocational courses cover 10% of higher secondary cover 10% of higher secondary students by 1990 and 25% by 1995.students by 1990 and 25% by 1995.

Contd.Contd.

Pace setting schools should be Pace setting schools should be established with ful l scope for established with ful l scope for innovation and innovation and experimentation to provide experimentation to provide opportunities to talented opportunities to talented children.children.

• The introduction of Vocational The introduction of Vocational education should be systematic, education should be systematic, well-planned to reduce the well-planned to reduce the mismatch between demand and mismatch between demand and supply of skil led man-power. supply of skil led man-power.

• Vocational education should be Vocational education should be provided after secondary stage provided after secondary stage but keeping the scheme flexible; but keeping the scheme flexible; they may also be made after they may also be made after class 8.class 8.

• Vocational education should be Vocational education should be health related, agriculture, health related, agriculture, marketing, social service marketing, social service oriented.oriented.

Higher educationHigher education

Higher education provides people with Higher education provides people with an opportunity to reflect on the critical, an opportunity to reflect on the critical, social cultural, moral and spiritual social cultural, moral and spiritual issues facing humanity.issues facing humanity.There are 150 universities and 5000 There are 150 universities and 5000 colleges in India today. It is proposed colleges in India today. It is proposed that; in the near future main emphasis that; in the near future main emphasis will be on the expansion of existing will be on the expansion of existing institutions. Urgent steps will be taken institutions. Urgent steps will be taken to protect the system from degradation. to protect the system from degradation.

Autonomy and freedom of colleges Autonomy and freedom of colleges and universities will be accompanied and universities will be accompanied by accountability. by accountability.

A major effect will be directed A major effect will be directed towards the transformation of towards the transformation of teaching methods. Audio-visual aids teaching methods. Audio-visual aids and electronic equipments will be and electronic equipments will be introduced, development of science introduced, development of science and technology curricula and and technology curricula and material research and teacher material research and teacher orientation will receive attention.orientation will receive attention.

Research in the university will be Research in the university will be provided enhanced support provided enhanced support particularly in the thrust area of particularly in the thrust area of science and technology.science and technology.

To fulfill the need for the synthesis To fulfill the need for the synthesis of knowledge inter-disciplinary of knowledge inter-disciplinary research will be encouraged. research will be encouraged.

Contd.Contd.

Efforts will be made to develop Efforts will be made to develop India’s ancient fund of knowledge India’s ancient fund of knowledge i.e. Sanskrit and other classical i.e. Sanskrit and other classical languages. languages.

Rural University will be developed Rural University will be developed on the lines of Mahatma Gandhi on the lines of Mahatma Gandhi revolutionary ideas of education.revolutionary ideas of education.

The open university system will be The open university system will be augmented as an instrument of augmented as an instrument of democratising education. IGNOU democratising education. IGNOU will be strengthened.will be strengthened.

De-linking degrees from job in De-linking degrees from job in selected areas will be started.selected areas will be started.

Technical Management Education• The infrastructure and service

sectors as well as the unorganised rural structure need a greater induction of improved technology and a supply of technological and managerial manpower. This will be attended by the government.

• As computer have become computer literacy will be important; a program of organised on wide scale from school stage.

The infrastructure

contd,.contd,.• Appropriate formal and non-formal

programmes of technical institution will be deviced for the benefit of women, economically and socially weak and physically handicap.

• To encourage students to consider “self-employment” as a career option. Training on entrepreneurship will be provided through optional courses in degree and diploma programs.

• Research for development will focus on improving the present technology and enhancing production and productivity.

Contd.Contd.

Teachers will have multiple roles to Teachers will have multiple roles to perform: Teaching, research, perform: Teaching, research, development of learning material, development of learning material, extension and managing the extension and managing the institution.institution.Staff development program at the Staff development program at the state and national levels.state and national levels.Excellence in performance of Excellence in performance of institutions and individuals will be institutions and individuals will be recognised and rewarded.recognised and rewarded.The emergence of sub-standard The emergence of sub-standard institutions will be checked.institutions will be checked.Networking system will have to be Networking system will have to be established between technical established between technical education and industries, R&D, education and industries, R&D, program of rural and community program of rural and community development.development.

Making The System Work.Making The System Work.

• The country has placed boundless trust in educational system. The first task is to make it work.

• Now teachers will have greater responsibility and accountability.

• Provision of improved students service.

• Provision of better facilities to institutions.

Re-orienting the Content and Re-orienting the Content and Process of EducationProcess of Education

The modern technologies cannot be The modern technologies cannot be allowed to divert our new generation allowed to divert our new generation from the roots of Indian culture. from the roots of Indian culture.

De-culturalisation, De-humanisation, De-culturalisation, De-humanisation, Alienation must be avoided at all Alienation must be avoided at all costs.costs.

Education must bring fine synthesis Education must bring fine synthesis between change oriented between change oriented technologies and country’s continuity technologies and country’s continuity of cultural tradition.of cultural tradition.

Children will be enabled to develop Children will be enabled to develop sensitivity, harmony and refinement. sensitivity, harmony and refinement.

Value EducationValue Education

• The growing concern over the erosion of values has brought to focus the need for re-adjustment in the curriculum, so that social and moral values will be cultivated.

• In our culturally plural society education should foster universal and eternal values oriented towards unity and integrity of people.

Books and LibrariesBooks and Libraries• The availabil i ty of books at low The availabil i ty of books at low

price is indispensable for people’s price is indispensable for people’s education. Measures wil l be taken education. Measures wil l be taken to improve the quality of books, to improve the quality of books, promote the reading habits and promote the reading habits and encourage creative writ ing.encourage creative writ ing.

• A nation wide movement for the A nation wide movement for the improvement of existing l ibraries improvement of existing l ibraries and establishment of new ones wil l and establishment of new ones wil l be taken up. be taken up.

• Educational technology wil l be Educational technology wil l be employed in the spread of useful employed in the spread of useful information, training, and re-information, training, and re-training of teachers.training of teachers.

Contd.Contd. There is paramount need to create There is paramount need to create a consciousness among all ages a consciousness among all ages and all sections of society.and all sections of society.

Mathematics should be visualised Mathematics should be visualised as a vehicle to train a child to think, as a vehicle to train a child to think, reason, analyse and to articulate reason, analyse and to articulate logically.logically.

Science education should develop Science education should develop the spirit of enquiry, creativity, the spirit of enquiry, creativity, objectivity, and the courage to objectivity, and the courage to question.question.

Science should enable the learner Science should enable the learner to acquire problem solving and to acquire problem solving and decision making skills and to decision making skills and to discover the relationship of science discover the relationship of science with other aspects of daily life.with other aspects of daily life.

Contd.

Sports and physical education are integral part of learning process. A nation wide infrastructure for physical education, sports and games will be built in educational field.

Appropriate encouragement will be given to those talented in sports and games.

Yoga will receive special attention as a system to promote an integrated development of body and mind.

Students required to participate in NSS, NCC etc.

Evaluation Process and Evaluation Process and ExaminationExamination

Examination should be Examination should be employed to bring about employed to bring about qualitative improvement in qualitative improvement in education.education.

It should discourage memorisation.It should discourage memorisation.There should be CONTINUOUS There should be CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) which EVALUATION (CCE) which incorporates both scholastic and incorporates both scholastic and non-scholastic aspects of non-scholastic aspects of education.education.Effective use of evaluation process Effective use of evaluation process by teachers, students and parents. by teachers, students and parents. Introduction of the semester system Introduction of the semester system and the use of grades.and the use of grades.

The TeacherThe Teacher

• Teachers should have freedom to innovate and work independently.

• The method of recruiting teachers should be re-organised to ensure merit and objectivity.

• Efforts will be made for uniform emoluments, service condition and grievance removal mechanism for teachers throughout the country.

Contd.Contd.• Guidelines will be formulated

to ensure objectivity in the posting and transfer of teachers.

• Teachers association must play a significant role in enhancing the dignity of the teachers and in curbing professional misconduct.

• Teacher education is a continuous process and it should be maintained pre-service and in-service.

Contd.Contd.

• District Institutes of Education and Training (DIET) will be established to organise pre-service and in-service courses for elementary school teachers and for the personnel working in non-formal and adult education.

• The NCTE will be provided the necessary resources and capability to accredit institutions of teacher education.

The management of educationThe management of education

• Evolving a long-term planning and management perspective of education according to country’s development and man-power needs.

• De-centralisation and creation of autonomy for educational institutions

• Inducting more women in planning and management of education.

Contd.Contd.

• The Department of Education at the Centre and in the State will be strengthened through the involvement of professionals.

• A proper management structure in education will lead the establishment of Indian Education Service as All-India service. The basic principles, functions and procedures of recruitment to this service will be decided in consultation of state government.

Contd.Contd.• Special attention will be paid to the training of education planners, administrators and head of the institutions.

• District Board of Education will be created to manage education up to the higher secondary level.

• Heads of educational institution will be specially selected and trained.

• Local communities will be assigned major roles in programs of school improvement along with the NGOs.

Resources and Review Resources and Review Resources to the extent possible will be Resources to the extent possible will be

raised by mobilising donations asking raised by mobilising donations asking beneficiary communities to maintain beneficiary communities to maintain school buildings, raising fees at the higher school buildings, raising fees at the higher level of education and creating some level of education and creating some savings by the efficient use of facilities.savings by the efficient use of facilities.

Funds will also be created by levying cess.Funds will also be created by levying cess. Since the actual level of investment on Since the actual level of investment on

education has remained far short of the education has remained far short of the target, it has been ensured that from 8target, it has been ensured that from 8 thth FIVE year plan onward it will exceed to FIVE year plan onward it will exceed to 6% of national income. 6% of national income.

The implementation of various The implementation of various parameters of NPE 1986 must be parameters of NPE 1986 must be reviewed after every 5 years.reviewed after every 5 years.

Appraisals at short intervals will also Appraisals at short intervals will also be made to ascertain the progress of be made to ascertain the progress of implementation.implementation.

THE FUTURETHE FUTURE

The future shape of education in India is too The future shape of education in India is too complex to envision with precision but our complex to envision with precision but our tradition always put a high place to tradition always put a high place to intellectual and spiritual attainment; we are intellectual and spiritual attainment; we are bound to succeed in achieving our bound to succeed in achieving our objectives.objectives.

The main task is to strengthen the base of The main task is to strengthen the base of the pyramid. Equally it is important to the pyramid. Equally it is important to ensure that those at the top of the pyramid ensure that those at the top of the pyramid are among the best in the world.are among the best in the world.

NPE – An EvaluationNPE – An Evaluation ““Considering the all round development of the Considering the all round development of the

country, the structure of Education Policy was country, the structure of Education Policy was erected. Education is not considered within the four erected. Education is not considered within the four walls of the schools. Teaching is not limited to the walls of the schools. Teaching is not limited to the curriculum but it is a source of developing national curriculum but it is a source of developing national unity, cultural preservation and indication of moral, unity, cultural preservation and indication of moral, social and ethical values.” Mr. R.K Trivedisocial and ethical values.” Mr. R.K Trivedi

(Hon’ble Governor of (Hon’ble Governor of Gujrat)Gujrat)

Features of NPE 1986

Role of education – All round development of the individuals, cultural assimilation, providing strength to democracy, secularism, construction of nation at every level, creating self-sufficiency and searching new areas of development.

National System of Education i.e. 10+2+3 system.Equality – equal opportunities to all for education. Women education – women are the keys to nation’s progress. Education of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Education for backward classes, minorities.Adult education to remove illiteracy from the masses.

Contd.Re-organisation of education i.e. pre-primary, secondary and higher.

New dimensions such as distance education, IGNOU, de-linking the degree with employment etc.

The new policy gave a new direction in the field of education in the light of national unity and development of this is the preparation to welcome the 21st century.

THE END