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National reader tourism and sustainable mobility Spain Deliverable no. D4.4a of the SEEMORE project

Date of preparation of this document: 14.01.2015

Project Coordinator: CINESI Transport Consultants, Spain

Mr. Maarten van Bemmelen

[email protected] Phone. +34 971 613714

Author of this document: Company: CINESI; Central European Initiative – Executive Secretariat

Author’s name(s): Lluís de Victoria, Raúl Medina; Slavena Radovanovic, Sara Baronio

email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected]

Phone: +34 971 775 296, +34 971 775 296; +39 0407786 777

Start date of the project: April 2012

End date of the project: April 2015

Project website: http://www.seemore-project.eu

mailto:[email protected]





http://www.seemore-project.eu/

Legal disclaimer:

The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not represent the

opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that

may be made of the information contained therein. SEEMORE is co-funded by the Intelligent Energy

Europe Programme of the European Commission and runs from April 2012 until April 2015.

D4.4a National reader tourism and sustainable mobility Spain page 3 / 28

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4

2 Revision and peer review history ............................................................................................... 6

3 Glossary ...................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Presentation of the SEEMORE project ....................................................................................... 8

5 Relevant national developments on tourism and sustainable mobility .................................. 10

5.1 Governance infrastructure for transport and mobility in Spain ...................................... 10

5.2 Overview of Mobility Management in Spain ................................................................... 12

5.3 Implementation of Mobility Management ...................................................................... 17

5.4 Trends and further developments ................................................................................... 19

6 SEEMORE actions in the Balearic Islands ................................................................................. 20

7 First SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain ................................................................. 22

8 Second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain ............................................................ 24

9 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 26

10 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 27

11 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 28


1 INTRODUCTION

An entire work package of the SEEMORE project is dedicated to the transfer of knowledge, which

takes place at different levels and among different stakeholders all along the project life cycle.

At national level, two National Transfer Seminars are organised by each of the eight SEEMORE

regions in their respective countries. The National Transfer Seminars gather representatives of

tourist destinations that are not participating in the SEEMORE project, but share the same (or

similar) challenges of the SEEMORE regions in terms of tourists’ mobility management. The aim

of the National Transfer Seminars is to disseminate the innovative approach to tourists’ mobility

management developed within the SEEMORE project, thus facilitating and encouraging the transfer

of best practices in this field.

In order to facilitate discussion, a National Reader on tourism and sustainable mobility is prepared

by each SEEMORE region before its National Transfer Seminar and distributed at the event.

According to a common approach, the National Readers first briefly present the SEEMORE project,

then give an overview of the developments on tourism and sustainable mobility in the relevant

country and finally list the innovative actions implemented within the SEEMORE project that are

going to be presented at the related seminar.

The present document is a report on the two National Transfer Seminars organised by the

SEEMORE region of Balearic Islands (Spain). Taking into account the available resources, it was

considered difficult to attract a large number of participants from the country to the island of

Mallorca. For this reason, the Mallorca Transports Consortium (CTM) and the CINESI Transport

Consultancy – the bodies responsible for the implementation of the SEEMORE project in

Balearics – decided to organise both SEEMORE National Transfer Seminars as part of events held

by a third party, in order to maximise the audience and exploit synergies. As a result, the first

SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain was held within the XI Conference of the

Metropolitan Mobility Observatory. The Observatory is supported by the Spanish Public Works

Ministry and groups most of the public transport authorities of the country. The event took place

in Madrid on 1 July 2014 and SEEMORE was presented during its second Technical Session. For the

organisation of the second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar CTM and CINESI joined forces with

the STARTER project1: this led to the presentation of and discussion about SEEMORE measures

during the event “Medidas implementadas en el proyecto STARTER – Fuerteventura”, which took

place in Caleta de Fuste (Fuerteventura) on 19 December 2014. This particular approach to the

1 The STARTER project, co-funded under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme, aims at promoting sustainable

mobility in tourist destinations. Given the very close aim and scope of SEEMORE and STARTER, a solid cooperation

between the two projects was established since their beginning. For more information on the STARTER project please see

http://www.starter-project.eu/

http://www.starter-project.eu/


organisation of SEEMORE National Transfer Seminars in Spain gave interesting results, since it made

possible to discuss the problems related to tourists’ mobility management in different settings

facing different challenges. In fact, most of the transfer regions participating in the first seminar

were from the Iberian Peninsula, while the target regions of the second event were islands, namely

the Canary Islands recognised as Biosphere Reserves.

The first chapters of this document replicate the content of the National Readers produced for

both events. They include a general presentation of the SEEMORE project (chapter 4), an overview

of the national developments in the field of tourism and mobility (chapter 5) and some of the

measures implemented by CTM (chapter 6). Chapter 7 and chapter 8 report on the National

Transfer Seminars: they illustrate the participants in each event, the points of discussion and the

events’ main outcomes. The related agendas and lists of participants can be found as Annexes to

this document.

This report is addressed to visitors, residents, local and regional authorities at tourist destinations

in Europe, mobility providers, hotels and leisure attractions. It is intended to disseminate the

innovative approach to tourists’ mobility management developed within the SEEMORE project,

thus facilitating and encouraging the transfer of best practices among different regions sharing

similar features and challenges.


2 REVISION AND PEER REVIEW HISTORY

Version

Number

Date Comments Peer reviewed by

(Name, Organisation)

1.0 04/02/2015 First draft sent for peer review N/A

1.1 18/02/2015 Second draft Elisa Cangini, Province of Forlì-Cesena

1.2 18/02/2015

Third draft, with some corrections from

the peer reviewer already accepted, sent

from CEI to CINESI for further amendments

N/A

1.3 24/02/2015 Fourth draft provided by CINESI N/A

1.4 09/03/2015

Fifth draft (including conclusions) prepared

by CEI and sent to CINESI for check and

final contribution

N/A

1.5 10/03/2015 Sixth draft provided by CINESI N/A

1.6 10/03/2015 Final version uploaded in the internal

website by CEI

N/A

Table 1: Document revision and peer review history


3 GLOSSARY

Abbreviations provided in this report

Abbreviation Full name

CTM Mallorca Transports Consortium

PT Public transport

EPOMM European Platform on Mobility Management

MM Mobility Management

EU European Union

PTA Public Transport Consortia

IDAE Energy Agency of the Ministry of Industry

SUTP Sustainable Urban Transport Plan(s)

EMW European Mobility Week

E4 Spanish Energy Efficiency Strategy

LUP Land use planning

INE Spanish National Statistics Institute

Table 2: Abbreviations used


4 PRESENTATION OF THE SEEMORE PROJECT

The SEEMORE project aims at promoting and enhancing sustainable mobility in tourist

destinations. Studies show that leisure travel accounts for 50% of all travel mileage in industrialized

countries and is expected to grow further in the coming years. The impact of growing leisure travel

is especially felt in tourist regions that have to cope with seasonal changes in transport demand

and road congestion because of high levels of private car use. An inefficient organisation of mobility

can lead to a decrease in the attractiveness of a destination. Also, destinations need to develop

new products for growing target groups like low-cost travellers; ageing tourists that do not want to

drive a car; and tourists demanding sustainable holidays.

For tourist destinations to remain competitive and attractive in a global market, cooperation

between local actors from the tourism and mobility sectors is essential. Within the SEEMORE

project, eight European coastal regions are setting up these cooperation frameworks to carry out

the following actions:

Provide improved information for visitors about sustainable mobility options like public

transport, cycling, walking and electric mobility;

Develop integrated tourist products that combine leisure and public transport lines;

Create new and improved sustainable mobility options and services for visitors, including

public bicycles and new public transport services.

Project activities

The implementation and evaluation of sustainable mobility actions in eight coastal regions form the

core of the SEEMORE project. To improve the quality of the SEEMORE regional actions, the partners

develop an overview of good practices and recommendations from existing studies. Throughout

the project, SEEMORE organizes several public events to exchange experiences with other tourist

regions. Practitioners from other regions are able to access interesting project outputs on the

project website: www.seemore-project.eu.

Partners

CINESI Transport Consultancy Spain

Mallorca Transport Consortium Spain

Trivector Traffic AB Sweden

Association of Local Authorities Fyrbodal Sweden

FGM-AMOR Austrian Mobility Research Austria

Common Europe Pomeranian Association Poland

Municipality of Choczewo Poland

Club Sustainable Development of Civil Society Bulgaria

Province of Forlì-Cesena Italy


Central European Initiative Italy

Limassol Tourism Development and Promotion Co Ltd Cyprus

Stratagem Energy Ltd Cyprus

Horários do Funchal Public Transport Portugal

Local Councils’ Association Malta


5 RELEVANT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS ON

TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY2

General information in Spain regarding mobility patterns

Motorisation: 470,3 passenger vehicles/1,000 inhabitants (Year: 2009; Source: INE)

Public

transport Rail

Road (car,

van or truck) Walking Cycling Other

Passenger

transport3 7,7% 1,1% 43,2% 45,9%4 N/A(2) 2,1%5

Freight

transport6 0% 1% 81,6% 0% 0% 17,4%

5.1 Governance infrastructure for transport and mobility in Spain

5.1.1 National

Policy making

The design of strategic policies is a responsibility of the Spanish Government, by means of its

Ministry of Public Works (Ministerio de Fomento), holding the exclusive competence over the roads

and railroads which pass the borders of the Autonomous Communities; communications and

motorised traffic in general; as well as over the ports and airports of national interest, and air traffic

control. Legislative initiatives should be approved by the National Assemblies. There are other

departments in the structure of the National Government whose activity affects transport and

mobility (Economy, Environment, Health, Education...).

Policy delivery

The political guidelines defined by the Ministry of Public Works are delivered by the Ministry itself

through action plans, programmes and specific measures. In line with the administrative division

described above, transport policies are frequently delivered by means of provincial delegations of

the Ministry and/or co-operation agreements with Regional Governments and/or Provinces.

2 This section is a copy of the EPOMM Mobility Management Monitor Spain 2011.

3 Year: 2006; Source: MOVILIA 2006 (National Mobility Survey). 4 Cycling and walking trips (longer that 5 minutes) are accounted jointly. 5 Taxi, ship, special services, etc. 6 Year 2009; Source: Eurostat. Pipeline transport is not included.


Financing

National transport policies are financed through the overall National Budget. There are several

national taxes affecting the transport sector, but their revenues are not directly used to finance

transport and mobility.

5.1.2 Regional

Policy making

Framed under the national legislation, the Autonomous Communities act as independent

governments within its competences, which regarding transport and mobility stand for both

infrastructure and services with a supra-municipal character, always inside the region (otherwise

this would be a State competence). The Regional Government department responsible for

transport policy making varies depending on the Region (Transport Department, Infrastructure

Department, Public Works Department, etc.).

Policy delivery

It is similar to the national level but within regional competencies. To highlight that over the last

years the Regional Governments have become an important body in the transport planning inside

the main metropolitan areas through the successful Transport Authority form.

Financing

Regional transport policies are financed through the overall Regional Budget (except in those cases

where a cooperation agreement with the National Government is signed). There are no specific

taxes for direct transport financing.

5.1.3 Local

Policy making

Transport and mobility related policy at the municipal level is developed by the corresponding Local

Government department, in the framework of its competences, which according to the “Ley

Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local”, refers to public transport service provision in urban

areas, being obliged to do so in municipalities with more than 50.000 inhabitants (by their own or

in association with other neighbour municipalities). Municipalities are also responsible for street

design and traffic management within their road network.


Policy delivery

The division of competences in Spain reserves a high degree of autonomy for Local Governments

in the definition of the transport and mobility model in urban areas, where Mobility Management

is mostly developed. Cooperation between the different administration levels in the long term

planning of the transportation system is therefore based on a voluntary basis. Nevertheless, since

1975, the establishment of PTA (public transport consortia) in the main metropolitan areas in Spain

has helped overcome this lack of cooperation. Nowadays, there are 22 metropolitan areas with a

PTA in operation (some other are currently developing it), integrating local and regional

competences, and favouring communication with the National Government; in order to develop a

cooperation framework for fare integration and public transport services management and

coordination. This framework has favoured significant concerted action in these metropolitan

areas.

Financing

In addition to the Local Government Budget, financial cooperation at the local level is achieved by

means of a contract signed between the National Government and the Municipalities for funding

public transport services and infrastructure in large metropolitan areas, and subsidizing public

transport in the rest of the urban areas. There are no specific taxes for urban transport or mobility

management.

5.2 Overview of Mobility Management in Spain

5.2.1 Does the definition of MM as endorsed by EPOMM reflect how MM is defined in Spain? If not, what are major differences?

There is not a common, shared and agreed MM definition in Spain. However, what we understand

by MM is highly correlated with the definition provided and endorsed by EPOMM. In Spain, the

term “Demand Management” is also used to express similar ideas.

Looking at the way that MM has been delivered in Spain, as compared to the definition provided

by EPOMM, the emphasis has mostly been placed in changing travel behaviour by organising

services and coordinating activities rather than by information and communication. This does not

mean that information and communication has been left out of the MM agenda, but there are few

experiences where campaigning and marketing has been appointed as the leading driver for

behavioural change, and awareness raising is mostly considered as a final step in the development

of the sustainable mobility strategies.


5.2.2 What are the major strategies for promoting and implementing MM at different governance levels in Spain?

The main strategies concerning MM in Spain are:

5.2.2.1 National

Policies

From a policy perspective, the main initiative taken at the National level is the adoption of a

National Strategy on Sustainable Mobility (jointly issued by the Ministry of Public Works and the

Ministry of Environment in April 2009). This strategy outlines a set of Guidelines to promote a

“wheel turn” towards a new mobility culture in which sustainability is placed at the core of the

system (in line with the Green Book on Urban Mobility of the EU). Within each five priority action

fields, specific measures are proposed. Demand Management is included as a main Guideline for

the achievement of sustainable mobility.

The Sustainable Mobility strategy is the culmination of a series of thematic strategies which, from

different angles, pointed out the need for a change in mobility patterns and travel behaviour in

Spain:

Spanish Strategy on Urban Environment (January 2008)

Spanish Sustainable Development Strategy (November 2007)

Spanish Strategy on Climate Change and Clean Energy (February 2007)

Spanish Strategy on Air Quality (February 2007)

Energy Efficiency Strategy for Spain 2004-2012 (November 2003)

Action programmes

Other than the individual will of pioneer municipalities, probably the main driver for the promotion

of MM in Spain over the last years have been the subsequent Action Plans developed by IDAE

(Energy Agency of the Ministry of Industry) in the framework of the Spanish Energy Efficiency

Strategy (E4). Following the success of the first two Plans, a new Action Plan 2011-2020 will

continue to promote the application of energy efficiency measures in the transport sector at the

local level by providing financial support to Local Governments. Funds are managed at the regional

level by means of cooperation agreement between IDAE and the corresponding Regional Energy

Agency (or equivalent). Within the transport sector, the main goal is to promote a modal change

towards energy efficient modes and vehicles. As regards of MM, the main measures included in the

Action Plan are:

Urban mobility plans and measures. Financial support to the development of SUTP, public bike

sharing schemes, feasibility studies on mobility measures, and pilot projects.


Transport plans for companies. Financial support to the development of transport plans in

companies or activity centres (industrial areas, health-care and educational centres, shopping

centres, etc.), as well as pilot projects in this regard.

Increasing the share of collective transport. Financial support to studies on intermodal

solutions and basic intermodal infrastructure design, dedicated lanes, design and

implementation of online public transport information tools (road and rail).

Legislative measures (including taxes)

One of the most recent initiatives regarding MM at the national level refers to the legislative

framework. In March 2011 a Sustainable Economy Law was issued, including a chapter on

“Sustainable Mobility and Transport” in which the principles that may guide any sustainable

mobility strategy are described, including a definition of Sustainable Mobility Plans.

Among other dispositions, the Sustainable Economy Law states that, beginning in January 2012,

Autonomous Communities and Municipalities will only be eligible for financial support from the

National government regarding transport and mobility if they account for a Sustainable Mobility

Plan, developed in coherence with the sustainable mobility principles in the Law, as well as with the

Spanish Strategy on Sustainable Mobility.

Mobility Plans for companies and/or industrial areas are also fostered within the Sustainable

Economy Law. Another legislative initiative with significant implications in transport and mobility is

the Law 34/2007 on Air Quality and Protection of the Atmosphere, which foresees specific

measures related to transport activities in areas where air quality objectives are not met.

Promotion & awareness

As for promotion and awareness at the national level, most efforts are framed under the European

Mobility Week, managed in Spain by the Ministry of Environment. In addition to promotional

campaigns and workshops, within the EMW the Ministry of Environment awards one Spanish city

each year, based on its sustainable mobility performance and progress.

Promotion and Awareness activities at the national level also include the provision of technical

guidance on sustainable mobility issues, including MM. A recent example on this would be the

publication by the Ministry of Public Works of a Guidebook on Way to School campaigns,

accompanied by a promotional video (“Camino escolar. Pasos hacia la autonomía infantil”).

5.2.2.2 Regional

The situation regarding MM at the regional level in Spain is not homogeneous. While some Regions

are very active in promoting MM in their territory, others have scarcely approached it. What follows


are highlights of the main initiatives taken by Autonomous Communities in Spain during the last

years:

Policies

Several Regions have drafted long term strategies, in which MM plays an important role as a tool

to achieve sustainable mobility objectives. One of the most recent examples for this would be the

Sustainable Mobility Master Plan for the Basque Country, currently under development, with the

following strategic objective (among others): “Achieve a less car dependant mobility system,

reducing fuel energy consumption levels”. To do so, the following strategic guideline for action is

foreseen (among others): “Promote the use of sustainable modes of transport while implementing

car traffic restrictive measures”.

Action programmes

Several Regions have already developed or are currently issuing action programmes to promote

non-motorized transport modes. These action programmes combine infrastructural measures with

demand oriented initiatives. Examples for this would be Galicia and Cantabria, which are currently

developing Bicycle Master Plans.


The Mobility Law in Catalonia remains as the most remarkable initiative in terms of sustainable

mobility at the regional level. The Mobility Law defines three different planning levels with their

own corresponding planning tools, mainly focused on sustainable mobility and transport

management: National (Regional) Mobility Guidelines, Mobility Master Plans and Urban Mobility

Plans. The latter is considered an essential tool in order to achieve sustainable mobility and is

compulsory for all those municipalities whose competences include the provision of public

transport services. Moreover, the Law states that no urban development larger than 25 m€ could

be implemented until an Urban Mobility Plans is approved in those municipalities, unless they are

accompanied by an induced demand study.


At regional level, energy and environmental agencies are playing a significant role in the promotion

of sustainable mobility. Their actions range from training sessions to dissemination campaigns,

including more innovative approaches, like in Navarra, where the environmental agency CRANA

raises awareness about environmentally responsible values and promotes behavioural changes

through an humoristic and interactive play called “Pies para qué os quiero” (Spanish proverb “You’d

better use your feet”).


5.2.2.3 Local

It is not easy to undertake an overall assessment of the state of the art in regards of MM at the

local level in Spain. Policy, legislation and action programmes, as well as promotional and

awareness raising activities mostly emerge from individual initiatives of Local Governments,

remaining the majority of them unreported to higher administration levels.

Nevertheless, there are several initiatives at the local level that can help in drafting the overall

picture of the MM situation in Spanish Local Governments.

Policies

From a strategic perspective, the main activity to be highlighted at the local level would be the

increasing adoption of SUTP in Spanish municipalities, most of them with the financial support of

IDAE. According to IDAE, 267 municipalities developed a SUTP between 2006 and 2008 in the

framework of the E4.

Although not really a policy document, it should also be highlighted in this regard that the Spanish

Municipalities Federation (including 89% of all municipalities in Spain) has recently issued a Report

providing guidance to local governments for the adoption of the Spanish Strategy on Sustainable

Mobility at the local level, with an emphasis on the development of SUTP (“La Estrategia Española

de Movilidad Sostenible y los Gobiernos Locales”).

Action programmes

As already stated above, most of the SUTP developed in Spain over the last years have been partly

financed by IDAE’s E4 Action Plans. As part of its strategy, IDAE has also published a guidebook on

the development on SUTP which should be used as a reference by municipalities in the

development of their Plans. IDAE’s guidebook includes a reference to Demand Management

measures as an essential component of SUTP and recommends the inclusion of a specific Action

Programme on MM for activity centres.


Regarding legislative measures, we can highlight the steps towards a new paradigm in traffic

circulation that several Spanish municipalities are taking by changing their traffic regulations in

order to introduce the 30-km-zone concept. In municipalities like Pontevedra and Oviedo the 30-

km-zones includes all streets within the historic city centre.

Also, the renaissance of the bicycle in several Spanish cities is being accompanied by a number of

municipalities introducing changes in their mobility by laws in order to adapt it to the needs of non-

motorized modes, especially cycling; as well as to make this mode more visible to car drivers and


avoid potential conflicts. Also the interaction between pedestrians and cyclists has been addressed

in some cases (an example of this would be the Pedestrians and Cyclists Bylaws of Zaragoza).


Spain is one of the European countries with the highest rate of municipal participation in the EMW.

In 2010 a total number of 567 municipalities took part (nearly 7% of all Spanish municipalities), and

3,245 measures were implemented.

5.2.3 Are there any policies or legislative measures that counteract the promotion of MM?

In Spain the urban development standards used in Urban Planning are not always coherent with

sustainable mobility and MM. For example, parking standards are expressed in minimum terms as

regards of the m2 of residential/business area. In many cases this has led to an excessive parking

provision, which counteracts the promotion of sustainable modes of transport. Also the low density

standards used in some residential areas, mostly in suburban areas, counteracts the promotion of

MM.

5.2.4 What other challenges or problems can you identify with regards to MM in Spain?

The main challenge regarding MM in Spain refers to mainstreaming its implementation as an

essential part of the transport and mobility policy and practice. To achieve this, there is a need for

a supporting knowledge infrastructure in order to disseminate the concept, prove its benefits, and

exchange experiences. On a more particular level, one significant issue that should be addressed in

Spain during the forthcoming years is the viability of the significant number of Public Bike Hiring

schemes that were implemented in the framework of the Energy Efficiency Strategy over the last

years. The availability of funds from IDAE’s Action Plans fostered its adoption in many

municipalities, but both the economic and environmental performance of a significant number of

them may counteract their viability, especially in those cases where the implementation of the

system was not accompanied by an overall cycling strategy, including infrastructure requirements

(where needed). The finalisation of such kind of initiatives could also have a public perception

dimension that may affect the potential implementation of other MM measures in the future.

5.3 Implementation of Mobility Management

5.3.1 Are MM concerns integrated into hard measures?

No, there are no compulsory mechanisms of introducing MM when investing in transport

infrastructure.


5.3.2 How far is MM an objective or an outcome of the land use planning system?

Although sustainable transport (and mobility management) is not initially in the scope of the LUP

process, being this focussed on land use classification (LUP has traditionally involved infrastructure

planning but not from the functional point of view but as a need to reserve land), recent initiatives

have taken steps forward to a better integration of mobility and land use.

In 2008 a new Land Use Law was issued in which developers are required to provide the needed

public transport infrastructures in order to promote a sustainable mobility. Also, the (then existing)

Ministry of Housing issued a White Book on Urban Planning in which the need to update the usual

planning approach from a sustainability perspective, including criteria on sustainable mobility was

highlighted. More recently, the Sustainable Economy Law set the objective of integrating urban

development and mobility in order to reduce the need for travel and promote a more efficient and

safe accessibility to basic services, minimizing the environmental impacts.

At the local level, Town Plans consider the determinants of both National and Regional transport

infrastructure programs. Recently, LUP has added traffic analysis, PT planning and MM, but partially

and following the interest of specific municipalities. One of the few exceptions is the Mobility Law

in Catalonia, which attempts to promote sustainable transport, also by linking mobility to land use

(although the connection is weak). The overall objective is to integrate urban and economic policies

with transport policies in order to minimize the number of trips, especially car trips. To do so, the

Law claims to “relate the land use with the public transport supply”. Other regional land use laws

demand specific studies of accessibility and transport efficiency, this being the case of Madrid. In

fact, traffic and capacity studies are compulsory for each plan to be developed inside Madrid. There

is a broad consensus on the need to widen this analysis to the PT and pedestrian – cycling networks.

5.3.3 What is public opinion of, and reaction to, MM in Spain? What challenges does this present when implementing MM measures?

The MM concept is not very well known by the overall population in Spain, therefore there is not a

strong public demand regarding this kind of initiatives. Nevertheless, they are, (where

implemented) in general terms, well received by the population. One reason for this is that, in a

broader sense, the awareness level of the population regarding the environmental implications of

mobility is gradually raising, and so is the demand for sustainable mobility actions.

In 2008, the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) conducted a survey in 4 different regions

regarding environmental perception and habits (Encuesta Social los Hogares y el Medio Ambiente).

Within this survey, among other questions, the willingness of the population to implement

measures to restrict car traffic was addressed. The results of the survey revealed that 47% of the

surveyed population were in favour of limiting the use of the car in order to protect the

environment.


5.4 Trends and further developments

5.4.1 What is effective in Spain in the field of MM? Why?

One of the most effective measures in the field of MM in Spain has been the coordination and fare

integration of public transport services in large urban areas. Currently there are 22 transport

consortia operating in Spain, integrating local and regional competences, and favouring

communication with the National Government.

In addition to an improved and more efficient service provision, the integration of public transport

has fostered the development of improved user information services, easing the use of public

transport services, thus fostering its use.

5.4.2 Describe MM measures that are successful and will be continued in the future.

Over the last years SUTP have revealed very successful, mostly due to the financial support provided

by the National Government within the Energy Efficiency Strategy (E4). According to IDAE figures,

267 municipalities adopted a SUTP between 2006 and 2008 in the framework of the E4.

It is expected that the spreading implementation of SUTP in Spanish municipalities will continue

after the impulse provided by the Sustainable Economy Law and the Spanish Strategy on

Sustainable Mobility and also by means of the latest Action Plan 2011-2020 from IDAE.

5.4.3 What are the future policies that are being drafted or considered in Spain currently?

One of the most relevant initiatives that are currently being considered in Spain regarding

sustainable mobility (and MM) is the approval of a Sustainable Mobility Law. Although its process

has not yet started, this Law was announced within the Air Quality Law approved in 2007, where it

is said that the National Government, in the framework of the Climate Change Strategy, will adopt

a Sustainable Mobility Law to force companies in the implementation of Transport Plans in order

to reduce the number of car trips of their employees, promote the use of less polluting means of

transport, and contribute to a reduction in the number of daily trips and their associated impacts.


6 SEEMORE ACTIONS IN THE BALEARIC ISLANDS

The main actions undertaken in the Balearic Islands within the SEEMORE project are the following:

Creation of a sustainable mobility information package, based on the design, printing and

distribution of a map including all interurban transport lines with updated information on

timetables and fares;

Translation of mobility information, namely of the website of the Mallorca Transports

Consortium (www.tib.org) visited by almost 2 million people per year, into English, German,

French and Russian;

Protocols for exchange between transport and tourism through the extranet of CTM. Tourist

information offices will receive updated information concerning schedule changes as well as

notices concerning public transport;

Promotion of mutual links between transport and destination websites and integration of

mobility information in hotels’ packages to customers and touristic websites;

Training of local mobility planners and tourism planners on integrated sustainable mobility

options. An intensive training of tourist information offices was undertaken jointly with the

printing of the sustainable mobility information package;

Web travel planner for visitors including leisure destinations. Thanks to Google Transit it is now

possible to check out hotels’ locations and their accessibility to the public transport network;

Real-time travel information, with special focus on smartphone users;

Local distribution of SEEMORE promotional material and local campaigns at the main public

transport gateways;

Promotional video describing the main spots that can be reached by public transport; the video

is available in six languages on the website www.tib.org;

Special tickets for visitors and increased public transport selling points with the selling of the

PT network map at the main tourist information offices;

Emission calculation tool;

Sustainable mobility plans in tourist areas, traffic management and parking policies. In

cooperation with the regional and local authorities, a mobility plan for accessing the tourist

destinations of Cala Mondragó and s’Amarador was developed in order to improve security

and access conditions. The plan was fully implemented in summer 2014;

Public transport services at leisure/tourist destinations. The route of line L106 during the high

season was modified, thus reducing the travel time from Palmanova and Magaluf to Palma. In

addition to that, bus services to the main coastal resorts of the municipalities of Manacor, Sant

Llorenç, Son Servera and Capdepera were improved;

Coach services and shuttles to main interregional gateways. Thanks to SEEMORE, tourists have

the opportunity to book a seat on charter buses and therefore travel directly from the airport

http://www.tib.org/

http://www.tib.org/


of Palma to the main tourist resorts without having to change means of transport in Palma

main station;

Bicycle transport in PT. In cooperation with public transport operators, development of plans

to enhance the transport of bicycles on PT means according to the capacities of the different

transport modes.


7 FIRST SEEMORE NATIONAL TRANSFER SEMINAR

IN SPAIN

The first SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain was held in Madrid on 1 July 2014, during

the second Technical Session of the XI Conference of the Metropolitan Mobility Observatory,

supported by the Spanish Public Works Ministry and grouping most of the public transport

authorities of the country. The event gathered representatives of the following tourist

destinations:

Barcelona

Madrid

Lleida

Zaragoza

Girona

Pamplona

Asturias

Tarragona

Granada

The session began with the

presentation of the SEEMORE

project by Mr. Jordi Sansó Florit

(Director of the Operation Area of

CTM), who illustrated the project

main targets and achievements.

Two other presentations

followed. Firstly, Mr. Daniel

Miravet (a mobility expert of the

public transport authority “Camp

de Tarragona”) who analysed the

mobility patterns of tourists on

the Costa Daurada, a major resort

on the Catalonian Coast.

Secondly, Ms. Carmen Sanz

(manager of the commercial area

of the Madrid Regional Transport Consortium) who illustrated the tourists’ behaviour in the area of

Madrid.

Figure 1: Presentation of the SEEMORE project during the XI Conference of the

Metropolitan Mobility Observatory


A discussion followed these presentations, focussing the development of new PT ticketing tailored

on tourists’ needs, which proved to bring about economic benefits for transport authorities. In

addition to that, the audience showed particular interest in the development of sustainable

mobility options to major events, traditionally attracting great audiences that reach the event

venue by car (owned or rented). Finally, it was recognised that the information on the use of public

transport modes by tourists is often lacking, as the main mobility surveys are addressed to

residents only. All participants agreed on envisaging future improvements to this regards.

Figure 2: Participants in the second Technical Session of the XI Conference of the

Metropolitan Mobility Observatory


8 SECOND SEEMORE NATIONAL TRANSFER

SEMINAR IN SPAIN

The second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain was held in Caleta de Fuste, on the

island of Fuerteventura, on 19 December 2014, during the event “Medidas implementadas en el

proyecto STARTER – Fuerteventura”. The meeting gathered representatives of the following

tourist regions, all being part of the Canary Islands archipelago:

El Hierro

Fuerteventura

La Palma

Lanzarote

The seminar opened with a presentation by Mr. Toni Gallarco from the Municipality of

Fuerteventura, who illustrated the main achievement of the STARTER project in the pilot region

of Fuerteventura. This intervention was followed by the presentation of Mr. Cipriano Marín,

representative of UNESCO in the Canary Island – four of which (namely El Hierro, Fuerteventura,

La Palma and Lanzarote) are classified as UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. Mr. Marín illustrated how

to achieve energetic independence in insular territories, mainly by exploiting renewable energies.

The experience of El Hierro represents a best practice to this regards, as the opening of a new

hydro-aeolian power plant will enable a switch to a 100% electric supply from renewable energies

by 2030. Taking this into account, the island is also planning to substitute all combustion engine

cars to electric cars. The SEEMORE project was then presented by Mr. Lluís de Victoria from CINESI,

with a focus on the actions implemented in the pilot region of Mallorca. The SEEMORE brochure

and the bus map developed within the SEEMORE tourist information package7 were also

distributed to the audience. Finally, Mr. Patricio Díaz from the “Instituto de Turismo Responsible”

illustrated the main objectives to be achieved by a region in order to obtain a certification related

to sustainable tourism.

A lively discussion followed the presentations. The audience showed particular interest in the way

public transport is managed in Mallorca, i.e. succeeding to cover a considerable share of the service

costs with the income from tickets sales. Participants also shared their views on the difficulties

small islands face in boosting competition among different PT providers due to the limited size of

their domestic markets. This often leads to oligopolies, meaning a limited leverage for local

authorities to obtain cost-effective services. Finally, participants agreed that sustainable mobility

7 See above, chapter 6.


options need to be presented in an attractive way to be appealing to tourists. Nobody will engage

in sustainable mobility if this requires a lot of effort.

Figure 3: Participants in the second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain


9 CONCLUSIONS

All SEEMORE National Transfer Seminars underwent an evaluation procedure to assess, among

others, if and how the tourist destinations that took part in the events ultimately implemented

SEEMORE-like measures in their respective areas. According to the results gathered by Balearics,

the most replicated measure was the elaboration of the “tourist mobility package”. The major

constraints to sustainable mobility enhancement resulted to be organisational and cultural barriers,

although affecting it on a medium extent only. Several destinations involved in the seminars

declared they plan to introduce SEEMORE-like measures by 2020, with a focus on the elaboration

of tourist mobility packages.

The cooperation between CINESI, CTM and the regions that participated in the Spanish National

Transfer Seminars will continue beyond SEEMORE, in particular as regards the exchange of

information and best practices as well as the monitoring of the SEEMORE-like measures to be

introduced in the same regions.


10 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Presentation of the SEEMORE project during the XI Conference of the Metropolitan

Mobility Observatory ....................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 2: Participants in the second Technical Session of the XI Conference of the Metropolitan

Mobility Observatory ....................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 3: Participants in the second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain ....................... 25


11 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Document revision and peer review history ........................................................................ 6

Table 2: Abbreviations used ............................................................................................................... 7

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