NATIONAL SURVEY OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE(ENIGH)Data collection on vulnerable or disadvantaged groups

Edgar Vielma

UNECE Online Meetings on Measuring Poverty and InequalityGeneva, Switzerland (online meeting), 2-4 December 2020

ENIGH responds to a necessity of information Mexico was the first country to introduce an official multidimensional

poverty measure, an index which, in addition to considering the lack ofeconomic resources, includes other dimensions that social policy mustaddress.

The General Law of Social Development stipulates the guidelines and criteriaissued by CONEVAL1 for defining, identifying, and measuring poverty aremandatory to any Mexican institution that executes social development programs.

Also, LGDS stipulates that poverty estimations must be updated every two years,for the national and state level, and every five years at the municipality level. To doso, institutions should use the information generated by Mexico’s NationalStatistical Office, National Institute of Statistics and Geography.

1 National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL, for its acronym in Spanish).

Poverty measurement should include, at least, eight indicators:

1. Current per capita income;

2. Educational gap;

3. Access to health services;

4. Access to social security;

5. Quality and spaces of the dwelling;

6. Access to essential services in the housing;

7. Access to food;

8. Social cohesion degree.

ENIGH considers all of them

The utility of ENIGH

ENIGH aims to present an overview ofthe behavior of income and expenditureat the household level, in terms ofamount, origin, and distribution.

ENIGH provides information on the laborparticipation and socio-demographiccharacteristics of household members.

Includes information on dwellingcharacteristics and their equipment.

National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH)

• ENIGH data has had many other uses in the past years above the main propose of measure poverty.

QUARTERLY AVERAGE CURRENT INCOME PER DECILE OF HOUSEHOLDS, ACCORDING TO THE YEAR OF SURVEY (Pesos)

DECILES PER HOUSEHOLDS

ENIGH 2016(pesos)

ENIGH 2018(pesos)

∆ (%)

National 51 748 49 610 -4.1I 9 084 9 113 0.3II 15 802 16 100 1.9III 21 044 21 428 1.8*IV 26 203 26 696 1.9*V 32 050 32 318 0.8VI 38 751 38 957 0.5VII 47 199 47 264 0.1VIII 59 382 58 885 -0.8IX 80 136 78 591 -1.9X 187 829 166 750 -11.2

Households in the first income decile hadan average income of 9,113 pesos:

• Approximately 43 pesos per day per recipients.

Households in the tenth decile had anaverage income of 166,750 pesos:

• Which it involves almost 778 pesos per day per recipients.

* Significant difference.SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2016 & 2018.

QUARTERLY AVERAGE CURRENT INCOME PER DECIL OF HOUSEHOLDS, ACCORDING TO LOCALITY SIZE (Pesos)

SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2018.

The quarterly average current income bythe size of locality:

• In Urban locations, the income was55,495 pesos.

• In Rural areas, the income was 30,016 pesos.

• The average quarterly current income in urban areas is almost double thatrural areas.

DECILES PER HOUSEHOLDS

ENIGH 2018

URBAN RURAL

National 55 495 30 016I 11 817 5 915II 19 568 10 069III 25 317 13 412IV 30 785 16 779V 36 914 20 334VI 43 864 24 392VII 52 888 29 465VIII 65 248 36 418IX 86 839 47 908X 181 708 95 467

Income of vulnerable or disadvantaged groups

TOTAL PEOPLE RECIPIENTS OF INCOME AND THE AVERAGE QUARTERLY INCOME BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

Note: The sum may not equal the total, because a person may have more than one disability.SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2018.

The averagequarterly income of people:

• With a disability is11,438 pesos.

• Without disabilityis 18,663 pesos.

Type of disability2018

Recipients of income Average income(pesos)

Total 83 545 957 18 016Has no disability 76 175 483 18 663Disabled 7 232 460 11 438

Have difficulty seeing, even if wearingglasses

2 437 709 11 260

Have difficulty walking or climbing steps 4 532 008 11 215Have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid(s)

1 302 601 10 939

Have difficulty with self-care, such as washing all over or dressing

530 565 9 073

Have difficulty communicating, forexample understanding or beingunderstood

473 766 7 487

Has some mental limitation 308 677 6 470 Have difficulty remembering orconcentrating 438 097 6 209

Not specified 138 014 5 672

AVERAGE QUARTERLY MONETARY INCOME BY AGE GROUPS ACCORDING TO SEX

FUENTE: INEGI. Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2018.

Age groups2018

Average income (pesos)

Total Male Female

Total 18 016 21 962 13 595

12-19 years old 4 713 5 476 3 778

20-29 years old 17 856 20 906 14 046

30-39 years old 23 173 28 157 17 662

40-49 years old 24 679 30 301 18 538

50-59 years old 25 461 31 275 18 987

60 years or older 16 631 21 730 11 533

The averagequarterly income of:

• Women is 13,595 MXN pesos

• For men is 21,962 MXN pesos

SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2018.

AVERAGE QUARTERLY MONETARY INCOME BY ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO SEX

SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2018.

Ethnic characteristics

2018Average Income (pesos)

Total Male Female

Total 18 016 21 962 13 595

Considers himself to be indigenous orspeaks an indigenous language 12 873 16 076 9 373

Considers himself to be indigenous 12 864 16 059 9 385

Speaks some indigenous language 8 330 10 733 5 780

The average quarterlyincome of:

• Indigenous languagespeakers is 8,330 MXN pesos.

• Those who considerthemselvesindigenous 12,864 MXN pesos.

AVERAGE QUARTERLY MONETARY INCOME BY NUMBER OF CHILDREN ACCORDING TO SEX

1 Only the population with children from 0 to 17 years old who live in the household is considered for this calculation.SOURCE: INEGI. National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2018.

Number of children1

2018Average income (pesos)

Male Female

Total 21 962 13 595

15-49 years old 23 717 15 305

No children 19 590 15 660

1 children 27 392 16 249

2 children 30 107 16 195

3 children 27 370 12 023

4 or more children 24 778 7 774

The average quarterlyincome of women with:

• Two children is16,195 MXN pesos

• Four or more children7,774 MXN pesos.

Thank you!