national wood pole standardswoodpoles.org/portals/2/documents/woodpolecode_overview.pdf · 1....
TRANSCRIPT
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National Wood Pole
Standards
Nelson G. Bingel III – NESC Chairman
President(678) [email protected]
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Benefits of Wood as a Utility Pole Material
• Long-Life Span• ~45 years national average without remedial treatment
• Lowest cost• Both initial and full life-cycle costs
• Proven Performance • “Go to” overhead line construction material since the
early 1900’s
• Climb-ability• Ability to service attachments without heavy equipment
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• Supply Chain is Proven• Even in natural disaster events where demand is high, the wood
pole industry has provided poles in required timeline.
• Beneficial Physical Properties• Good insulator, resilience to wind and mechanical impacts
• Easy Maintenance and Modification in service
• “Green”• a treated wood pole has a reduced environmental impact when
compared to other utility pole materials.
• A renewable and plentiful resource
“10 Features Often Overlooked About the Extraordinary Wood Pole.” North American Wood Pole Council. www.woodpoles.org
Benefits of Wood as a Utility Pole Material
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ANSI
American National Standards Institute
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ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ANSI accredits the procedures of standards developing organizations
National consensus standards
Openness, balance, consensus and due process
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ASC O5 Committee
American Standards Committee O5
USERS
PRODUCERS
GENERAL INTEREST
American National Standards Institute
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ASC O5 NESC
Accredited Standards
Committee O5:
Standards for Wood
Utility Structures
• Secretariat: AWPA
• Revised: 5 year cycle
• Founded in 1924
National Wood Pole Standards
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ASC O5 Standards http://asco5.org/standards/
O5.4 - 2009 Naturally Durable Hardwood Poles
O5.5 - 2010 Wood Ground Wire Moulding
O5.6 - 2010 Solid Sawn Naturally Durable Hardwood Crossarms & Braces
O5.TR.01-2004 Photographic Manual of Wood Pole Characteristics
Poles Glu-Lam Crossarms
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http://asco5.org/
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http://asco5.org/standards/
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Scope
Single Pole
Simple Cantilever
Transverse
Groundline
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Maximum Stress Point
Max Stress @ 1.5 Diameter Load Point
Solid, Round, Tapered, Cantilever
Distribution Usually Groundline
Load(Wind Force on Wires, Equip., etc.)
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ANSI O5.1 – Wood Poles
Wood
Quality
Class
Loads
Pole
Dimensions
Fiber
Strength
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Wood Quality
• Allowable knots
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Wood Quality
• Sweep
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Wood Quality
• Growth Rings
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Pole Marking & Code Letters
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Pole Marking & Code Letters
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Transverse Wind Loads
Ice
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Class Loads
2 ft Lc
Horizontal
Class Load (lb)
10 370
9 740
7 1,200
6 1,500
5 1,900
4 2,400
3 3,000
2 3,700
1 4,500
H1 5,400
H2 6,400
H3 7,500
H4 8,700
H5 10,000
H6 11,400
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Class Loads
2 ft Lc
Telco
Distribution
Transmission
Horizontal
Class Load (lb)
10 370
9 740
7 1,200
6 1,500
5 1,900
4 2,400
3 3,000
2 3,700
1 4,500
H1 5,400
H2 6,400
H3 7,500
H4 8,700
H5 10,000
H6 11,400
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Strengths are Average Values
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Pole Populations
Wood Poles
Steel Poles
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P
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Lc
D
2 ft
Class 1 4,500 lb
Class 2 3,700 lb
Class 3 3,000 lb
Class 4 2,400 lb
Class 5 1,900 lb
Applied Bending Load
Applied Bending Load =
Lc x D (ft-lb)
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L x D = Bending Moment (ft-lb)
76,800 ft-lb
2400 lb
32 ft
40 ft Class 4
41 ft
98,400 ft-lb
2400 lb
50 ft Class 4
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Lc
Fiber Strength
Compression
(psi)
Tension
(psi)Fiber Strength
Bending Capacity =
k x fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)
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Circumference3 Effect
MG/L = .000264 x Fiber Stress x Circumference 3
26”34”
37,120 ft-lb83,010 ft-lb
Circumference Increase - 30%
Bending Capacity Increase - 123%
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Circumference3 Effect
MG/L = .000264 x Fiber Stress x Circumference 3
26”34”
37,120 ft-lb83,010 ft-lb
Circumference Increase - 30%
Bending Capacity Increase - 123%
80-90%
Pole’s Bending Strength
In The Outer 2-3” Of Shell!
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Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength
Group AAir Seasoning
Group BBoulton Drying
Group CSteam Conditioning
Group DKiln Drying
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Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength
Southern Yellow Pine 8,000 psi
Douglas fir 8,000 psi
Western red cedar 6,000 psi
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Pole Species
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Distribution:Southern Yellow Pine
Transmission:Douglas fir
Western red cedar
Southern Pine
Distribution:Douglas fir
TransmissionDouglas fir
Western red cedar
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Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength
1) The effects of conditioning on fiber strength have been accounted for in the Table 1
values provided that conditioning was performed within the limits herein prescribed.
4) The designated fiber strength represents a mean, groundline, fiber strength value
with a coefficient of variation equal to 0.20.
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Through-boring
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Oregon State University
-Through-Boring Project-
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Through-boring
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Table 1 – Designated Fiber Strength
5) Where Douglas-fir (coastal or Interior North) are through-bored prior to treatment, to
account for the process, the designated fiber strength shall be reduced 5% to 7600 psi.
4) The designated fiber strength represents a mean, groundline, fiber strength value
with a coefficient of variation equal to 0.20.
1) The effects of conditioning on fiber strength have been accounted for in the Table 1
values provided that conditioning was performed within the limits herein prescribed.
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2017 Table 1 to add MOE
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2017 Table 1 to add MOE
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2017 Table 1 to add MOE
1) The fiber strength and MOE values in Table 1 apply to wood utility poles meeting this
standard. The effects of conditioning on fiber strength and MOE have been accounted for
………….
7) The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) represents a mean value.
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Circumference Dimensions
TIP
6ft
G/L
Bending Capacity =
k x fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)
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Circumference Dimension Tables
1) The figures in this column are not recommended embedment depths; rather,
these values are intended for use only when a definition of groundline is necessary
in order to apply requirements relating to scars, straightness, etc.
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Annex B: Groundline Stresses
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Annex B: Groundline Stresses
Minimum circumferences specified at 6 feet from the butt
Were calculated so each species in a given class
Can support the class horizontal load applied 2 ft from the tip
Bending Capacity =
k x fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)
Applied Bending Load =
Lc x D (ft-lb)
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Pole Dimension Table
(in)
Southern Pine and Douglas Fir
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Pole Dimension Table
(in)
Southern Pine and Douglas FirApplied Bending Load=
Class Load x Distance
2,400 lbs x 32 ft =
76,800 ft-lbs
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Pole Dimension Table
(in)
Southern Pine and Douglas FirApplied Bending Load=
Class Load x Distance
Bending Capacity =
k x fiber strength x C3
.000264 x 8000 x 33.53 =
79,401 ft-lbs
2,400 lbs x 32 ft =
76,800 ft-lbs
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40 ft Class 4 Poles
Douglas fir
(8000 psi)
36 1/2”
Western Red Cedar
(6000 psi)
33 1/2”
2400 lb
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Annex B: Groundline Stresses
Average circumference tapers
in the groundline zone of a pole
Note 7
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ANSI O5.1 Summary
2 ft Lc
Bending
Capacity = k x fiber strength x C3 (ft-lb)
All Species
Same Length & Class
Similar Load Capacity
51
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52
Fiber Strength Values
1965 Publication
Forest Products Lab
Fiber Strength
Derivation
52
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53
FPL 39 Table 4Final Adopted Fiber Strengths
53
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54
FPL 39 Table 4
Final Adopted Fiber Strengths
Near 5% Lower Exclusion Limit
Of Actual Average Bending Strength
Of Three Pole Groups
For Grade B Construction
54
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55
Annex C Data < 50 ft
55
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56
Annex C Data – 50 ft +
56
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57
Full Scale Break Tests
02000400060008000
10000120001400016000
15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
MO
RG
L (
psi
)
Groundline Circumference (GC) (in)
Douglas Fir Poles
Mean = 8380 psiL5 = 6401 psi Mean = 6630 psi
L5 = 4825 psi
ASTM
EPRI
57
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58
Full Scale Break Tests
02000400060008000
10000120001400016000
15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
MO
RG
L (
psi
)
Groundline Circumference (GC) (in)
Douglas Fir Poles
Mean = 8380 psiL5 = 6401 psi Mean = 6630 psi
L5 = 4825 psi
ASTM
EPRI
No Changeto
Previous Fiber Strengths
58
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59
Annex A
Fiber Stress Height Effect
59
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60
Annex A
Fiber Stress Height Effect
Round timbers are known to
decrease in ultimate unit strength
with height above ground.
60
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61
Actual Pole Dimensions
?
??
????
???
?
??
?
?
?
?
?
?? ?
?
??
????
?
?
?? ? ?
?
CA
TX
NY
FL
IL
PA
OH
MI
NJ
GA
NC
VA
MA
IN
WA
TN
MO
WI
MD
AZ
MN
LA
AL
CO
KY
SC
OK
OR
CT
IA
MS
KS
AR
UT
NV
NM
WV
NE
ID
ME
NH
RI
MT
DE
SD
ND
VT
DC
WY
Sample Locations? Coastal Douglas Fir (8)
? Coastal DF & Western Red (3)
? Northern Red Pine (3)
? Southern Yellow Pine (16)
?Western Red Cedar (5)
61
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• Coastal Douglas fir 6,997 poles9 Producers; 11 Locations
• Southern Yellow Pine 6,634 poles
11 Producers; 16 Locations
• Western Red Cedar 6,982 poles
5 Producers; 9 Locations
• Northern Red Pine 2,266 poles
2 Producers; 4 Locations
Grand Total 22,859 poles
Pole Circumference Data
62
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63
Fiber Stress Height Effect (FSHE)
• Tips average 1.5 to 2 classes larger
• Poles 55 ft and shorter• Maximum stress is usually at G/L
– FSHE not applied
• Maximum stress for guyed poles may be above G/L– Oversize offsets fiber stress height effect
• Poles 60 ft and taller• If maximum stress is at the G/L, no FSHE
• If maximum stress is above ground, tables for reduction
63
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64
ASC O5 Standards http://asco5.org/standards/
O5.4 - 2009 Naturally Durable Hardwood Poles
O5.5 - 2010 Wood Ground Wire Moulding
O5.6 - 2010 Solid Sawn Naturally Durable Hardwood Crossarms & Braces
O5.TR.01-2004 Photographic Manual of Wood Pole Characteristics
Poles Glu-Lam Crossarms
64
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65
ASC O5 NESC
Accredited Standards
Committee O5:
Standards for Wood
Utility Structures
• Secretariat: AWPA
• Revised: 5 year cycle
• Founded in 1924
National Wood Pole Standards
65
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66
National Overhead Line Standard
ANSI C2:
National Electrical
Safety Code
• Secretariat: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers)
• Revised: 5 year cycle
• Established in 1915
NESC
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67
NESC Committee Structure
67
Chairman Vice Chair Secretary-IEEE
25 – 35 Members
Main
Committee
Executive
Subcommittee
Technical
Subcommittees
Chairman Secretary
6 - 10 Members
Chairman Secretary
SC 1 – Coordination; Sections 1,2,3
SC 2 – Grounding
SC 3 – Substations
SC 4 – Overhead Lines – Clearances
SC 5 – Overhead Lines – Strength & Loading
SC 7 – Underground Lines
SC 8 – Work Rules
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Purpose of the NESC
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69
B. NESC rules contain the basic provisions, under
specified conditions, that are considered necessary for
the safeguarding of:
1. The Public
2. Utility workers (employees and contractors), and
3. Utility facilities
C. This code is not intended as a design specification or as
an instruction manual.
Purpose of the NESC
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70
NESC Committee Structure
70
Chairman Vice Chair Secretary-IEEE
25 – 35 Members
Main
Committee
Executive
Subcommittee
Technical
Subcommittees
Chairman Secretary
6 - 10 Members
Chairman Secretary
SC 1 – Coordination; Sections 1,2,3
SC 2 – Grounding
SC 3 – Substations
SC 4 – Overhead Lines – Clearances
SC 5 – Overhead Lines – Strength & Loading
SC 7 – Underground Lines
SC 8 – Work Rules
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71
Section 24Grades of Construction
Section 25Loading for Grade B&C
Section 26Strength requirements
• Grades B, C & N
(B is the highest)
• Load Factors
• Rule 250B:
Combined ice and Wind
District loading
• Rule 250C:
Extreme wind Loading
• Rule 250D:
Extreme Ice with concurrent
wind loading
• Strength Factors
Overhead Lines Subcommittee 5
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72
Section 24Grades of Construction
Section 25Loading for Grade B&C
Section 26Strength requirements
• Grades B, C & N
(B is the highest)
• Load Factors
• Rule 250B:
Combined ice and Wind
District loading
• Rule 250C:
Extreme wind Loading
• Rule 250D:
Extreme Ice with concurrent
wind loading
• Strength Factors
Overhead Lines Subcommittee 5
Section 27Insulators
• Electrical Strength
• Mechanical Strength
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73
Section 24: Grades of Construction
• Grade B: (3.85 SF)• Crossing Limited Access Highways
• Crossing Railways
• Crossing Navigable Waterways
• Grade C: (2.06 SF)• All other standard construction
• Grade N: (Strength shall exceed expected loads)• Mainly used for temporary and emergency construction
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74
TRANSVERSE
V
E
R
T
I
C
A
L
74
Section 25 – Loadings for Grade B & C
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75
Wire with Ice
Transverse Loading Usually Governs
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76
Wind Bending Loads On:
Wires
Ice
Pole
Equipment
Offset Bending Loads
Wire Tension
76
Calculating Transverse Loads
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77
Section 25: Loading for Grade B & C
• Rule 250B: District Loading Combined Ice and Wind
• Rule 250C: Extreme Wind Loading
(60ft Exemption)
• Rule 250D: Extreme Ice
With Concurrent Wind Loading
(60ft Exemption)
77
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NESC District Loading
½” Ice – 40 mph
¼” Ice – 40 mph
0” Ice – 60 mph40 mph = 4 lbs/sqft
60 mph = 9 lbs/sqft
78
Winter Storm
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¼” Ice
40 mph
Medium Loading District
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Wind Load Increase per Wire Sizes
0.75” 1.50” 3.00”
80
Double wire diameter = Double the load
+100% +200%
2x2x
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81
1.25” 2.00” 3.50”
+67% +33% +17%
Wind Load Increase With 0.25” Radial Ice
1.50” 3.00”
.25” Ice
81
0.75”
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District Loads vs Wire Size
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4ACSR 1/0 336 556
REL
ATIV
E LO
AD
CONDUCTOR (SMALLEST TO LARGEST)
NESC-L
NESC-M
NESC-H
82
No ICE
1/4” ICE
1/2” ICE
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83
Section 25: Loading for Grade B & C
• Rule 250B: District Loading Combined Ice and Wind
83
Deterministic
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Extreme Wind– Rule 250C(60 ft. Exclusion)
85 mph = 18.5 lbs/sqft
90 mph = 21 lbs/sqft
130 mph = 43 lbs/sqft
150 mph = 58 lbs/sqft
84
Summer Storm
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Extreme Ice with Concurrent Wind –Rule 250D(60 ft. Exclusion)
Winter Storm
Wind Speeds
30 mph
40 mph
50 mph
60 mph
Radial
Ice
0”
0.25”
0.5”
0.75”
1.0”
85
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Section 25: Loading for Grade B & C
• Rule 250B: District Loading Combined Ice and Wind
• Rule 250C: Extreme Wind Loading
(60ft Exemption)
• Rule 250D: Extreme Ice
With Concurrent Wind Loading
(60ft Exemption)
86
Deterministic
Probabilistic
Probabilistic
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Section 25 Load Cases
• Rule 250 B - Combined Ice & Wind
– Light 0” Ice 60 mph
– Medium ¼” Ice 40 mph
– Heavy ½” Ice 40 mph
– Loads to be Factored
• Rule 250 C – Extreme Wind
– Poles Taller than 60 feet Above Ground
– Wind only (no ice)
– Ultimate Load with probability of occurrence
• Rule 250 D – Extreme Ice with Wind
– Poles Taller than 60 feet Above Ground
– Ice Thickness with Concurrent Wind
– Ultimate Load with probability of occurrence
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StrengthPole Strength x SF
Pole Strength x SFAlternate Method
Strength
Load
>>
Storm Load x 4 (B)
Storm Load x 2 (C)>>
Pole Strength
Pole Strength
LoadStorm Load x LF (B)
Storm Load x LF (C)
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Grade B Grade Cx Grade CR
ule
25
0B
Vertical Loads 1.50 1.90 1.90
Transverse Loads
(wind) 2.50 2.20 1.75
Longitudinal
Loads 1.10 No Req. No Req.
25
0C
Wind Loads 1.00 1.00 1.00
25
0D Ice and Wind
loads1.00 1.00 1.00
Section 25: Table 253.1-Load Factors
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Section 26: Strength Factors
Grade B Grade CR
ule
25
0B Metal Structures 1.0 1.0
Wood Structures 0.65 0.85
25
0C
& 2
50
D
Metal Structures 1.00 1.00
Wood Structures 0.75 0.75
Fiber Strength (ANSI)
× Strength Factor (NESC)=
Allowable Stress of Pole
Table 261-1
90
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StrengthPole Strength x SF
Pole Strength x SFAlternate Method
Strength
Load
>>
Storm Load x 4 (B)
Storm Load x 2 (C)>>
Pole Strength
Pole Strength
LoadStorm Load x LF (B)
Storm Load x LF (C)
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StrengthPole Strength x .65
Pole Strength x .85Alternate Method
Strength
Load
>>
Storm Load x 4 (B)
Storm Load x 2 (C)>>
Pole Strength
Pole Strength
LoadStorm Load x 2.5 (B)
Storm Load x 1.75 (C)
3.85
2.06
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Section 24: Grades of Construction
• Grade B: (3.85 SF)• Crossing Limited Access Highways
• Crossing Railways
• Crossing Navigable Waterways
• Grade C: (2.06 SF)• All other standard construction
• Grade N: (Strength shall exceed expected loads)• Mainly used for temporary and emergency construction
93
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Equate the
Total Storm Load
to a
Single Horizontal Load
applied
2 feet from the tip.
900 lb
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900 lb Storm Load
x 3.85 (Grade B)
Class 1 4500 lb
Class 2 3700 lb
Class 3 3000 lb
Class 4 2400 lb
Class 5 1900 lb= 3465 lb
NESC ANSI O5.1
Load < Strength
Grade B
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900 lb Storm Load
x 2.06 (Grade C)
= 1854 lb
NESC ANSI O5.1
Load < Strength
Grade C
Class 1 4500 lb
Class 2 3700 lb
Class 3 3000 lb
Class 4 2400 lb
Class 5 1900 lb
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IEEE Online Courses – MOOC’s
98
MOOC #1 NESC Overview
MOOC #2 2017 Changes
http://standards.ieee.org/about/nesc/
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Technical Subcommittees
99
SC1 - Coordination between technical subcommittees
Sections 1, 2 and 3
SC2 - Grounding Methods - Section 9
SC3 - Electric Supply Stations - Sections 10-19
SC4 - Overhead Lines - Clearances - Section 20-23
SC5 - Overhead Lines - Strength and Loading
Sections 24-27
SC7 - Underground Lines - Sections 30-39
SC8 - Work Rules - Sections 40-43
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100
Online Courses – MOOC’s
100
MOOC #1 NESC Overview
MOOC #2 2017 Changes
MOOC #3 Grounding Methods
MOOC #4 Electric Supply Stations
MOOC #5 Overhead Lines – Clearances and S&L
MOOC #6 Underground Lines
MOOC #7 Work Rules
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NESC Mobile App
• Mobile device or tablet
• iOS, Android, Windows
• Full printed document
• Enhanced features
– Instant access to formulas, equations
and calculations with context
– Quick look-up of terms
– Quick access to sections
Released !!!!
http://standards.ieee.org/about/nesc/mobile_app.html
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Tables & Equations
Home Page Table of Contents
NESC Mobile App
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103
Search the NESC Search IEEE
NESC Mobile App
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.
National Wood Pole
Standards
Nelson G. Bingel III – NESC Chairman
President(678) [email protected]