nations, nationalism and nation-states somu
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Nations, Nationalism and
Nation-States
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Political Division
Political division is key characteristics of
traditional global politics;
Important source of this division Nationalism ;
It is the sense of political self that make
feel patriotic about their country;
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Indian First.
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Nations
People who share
demographic and
cultural similarities;
Possess a feeling ofcommunity; and
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Nations
Nation is intangible; itexists because itsmembers thing it does;
A State is tangible , butnation a soul, a spiritualquality
Indian are a Nation
Institutional vehicle oftheir governance Republic of India
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Demographic & Cultural similarities
Language , race and
religion
Common culture and
historical expression; - freedom struggle
- cricket
26/11 attack
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Feeling of Community
As a group feels like one;
It is imagined because
the members of even the
smallest nation will never
know most of their fellow-
members, meet then , or
even hear of them, yet in
the minds of each lives
the image of theircommunion ;
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Desire to be Politically Separate
What distinguishes a
nation from ethnic
group is that a nation,
unlike an ethnicgroup, desires to be
self-governing or at
least autonomous;
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Nationalism
It is an ideology, a
complex of related
ideas that establish
values about what isgood and bad, directs
adherents on how to
act (patriotism)
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Nationalism
Connects individuals,
their sense of
community and their
political identity incontradistinction to
other nations;
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Links are forged when
individuals
(1) become sentimentally
attached to the homeland
(2) gain a sense of
identity and self-esteemthrough their national
identification
(3) more motivated to
help their country
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Nation States
Combination of the
idea of nation and
state;
State a sovereignpolitical organization
with characteristics
such as territory, a
population and agovernment;
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Rise of Nationalism
Relatively recent phenomena;
Took an important turn in 1700s and
began to change into modern form, which
is based on the close association of the
people and the state;
Popular sovereignty people became
citizens who had a stake and were even
owners;
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Rise of Nationalism
French and American revolutions were
instrumental in driving nationalism
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Patterns of Nation- state
Nation and nationalism precede
Nation-State
Nation-states precedeNations and Nationalism
Nations, nationalism and Nation- states
evolve together;
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Nation and nationalism precede
Nation-State
When a strong sense of cultural and
political identity exists among a people,
the formation of the nation often precedes
that of the state.
In Europe , nations generally came
together first and only later formed into
states;
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Nation-states precede Nations and Nationalism
State building nationalism
Formation of the state happens first;
In such cases , a critical task of the sate is topromote internal loyalty and to create a process
whereby its diverse citizens gradually acquiretheir nationalism through common historicalexperience and the regular Socio-Eco-Politicalinteractions and cooperation that occur amongpeople living within the state;
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Nations, nationalism and Nation- states
evolve together;
Frequently nation-building and
state-building are not locked in a strict
sequential interaction, when one fully
precedes the other;
Sometimes they evolve together;
Evolution of US
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Nationalism in Practice
No ideal nation-state;
Most states are not ethically unified and
many nations exist in more than one sate;
Lack of fit between nations and sate is
significant source of international tension
and conflict;
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One State One Nation
Ideal nation but very rare;
Only about 10% of all countries are both
nationally unified and also have 90% of
that nation living within its borders;
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One State Multiple Nations
More than one nation lies within the state;
30% of states have no national majority;
Most of these minority groups do not haveseparatist tendencies, but many do or
could acquire them;
English culture v French culture in Canada
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One Nation, Multiple States
When a multi-state nation exists,
nationalist sentiments create strong
pressures to join the politically separate
nation within one state;
This often creates conflict because the
process of uniting a divided nation
threatens the territorial integrity of one ormore of the involved states;
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One Nation, No state
This occurs when a
national group is
minority in one or
more sates , does nothave a nation-state of
its own and wants
one;
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Multiple states, Multiple nations
Afghanistan,
countries around it,
and their
ethnonational groupsprovide a prime
example of volatile
mix created by
overlapping bordersamong nation and
states.
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Afghanistan
Pashtuns 38%
Tajiks 25%
Hazara - 19%
Uzbeks 6%
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Soviet union
Soviet Union were a
multiethnic empire
that dissolved in 1991
into Russia and 14other States;
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Nationalism : Builder and Destroyer
There are two
nationalisms;
one was : an unhealthy
form of nationalismwhich teaches contempt
for other nations or
cultures.. and seeks to
advance the well beingof ones country at the
expense of others
The other
nationalism
involved proper
love of onescountry.. and
the respect
which is due to
every otherculture and every
nation
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Nationalism - Positives
Nationalism promotes democracy
Nationalism discourages imperialism
Nationalism allows for economicdevelopment
Nationalism allows diversity and
experimentation
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Exceptionalism
74
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60
70
80
India US France
East
3-D Column 2
3-D Column 3
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Nationalism - Negatives
Lack of concern for others;
Exceptionalism and xenophobia
Oppression and Aggression
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Xenophobia
Suspicion, dislike or
fear of other
nationalities;