native american societies chapter 1, section 2. anasazi 1500 bc lived in southwest of present-day...
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NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES Chapter 1, Section 2
ANASAZI
1500 BC Lived in Southwest of present-day United States Grew beans, maize, squash Irrigated crops = increased food production Skilled basket makers and potters AD 1300 – drought, disease, and raids by
nomadic tribes led them to leave villages
ANASAZI (continued)
Built pueblos – homes made of a heavy clay called adobe
ANASAZI (continued)
Built kivas – underground ceremonial chambers
They were used as sacred areas for religious events.
MOUND BUILDERS
1000 BC to AD 1700s Eastern part of North America Supported population with agriculture
and trade Built large burial mounds to honor dead
(similar to pyramids)
MOUND BUILDERS (continued)
Hopewell – lived along Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River valleys
MOUND BUILDERS (continued)
Mississippians – skilled farmers and traders who lived in the same areas as the Hopewell
They built the city of Cahokia (near St. Louis, MO.) which had more than 100 temple and burial mounds
NORTH AND NORTHWEST
Arctic Groups Located in Alaska and Canada Inuit – built igloos, hide tents, and huts Aleut – lived in multifamily,
underground homes Both groups fished, hunted, and used
dogs to pull sleds
NORTH AND NORTHWEST (continued)
Pacific Northwest Located in Washington and Oregon Carved totems – tall, wooden poles with
images of ancestor or animal spirits
WEST AND SOUTHWEST
California Region Located in between Pacific Coast and Sierra
Nevada Food was plentiful, so there was no need to
farm. Acorns were grounded into flour
Fished and hunted deer Lived in groups of families of about 50 to 300 Some groups - Hupa, Miwok, Yokuts
WEST AND SOUTHWEST (continued) Great Basin
Located east of Sierra Nevada Mountains Dry climate Gathered seeds, dug roots, trapped small
animals Some groups - Paiute, Shoshone, Ute
WEST AND SOUTHWEST (continued) Southwest
Located Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas Irrigated land, grew maize, squash, and beans Pueblo Groups – Hopi and Zuni Religion focused around rain and maize
Performed rituals hoping to bring rain and successful maize crops
WEST AND SOUTHWEST (continued) Apache and Navajo
Located near Pueblo groups Nomadic tribes Hunted small animals and foraged for food Supported themselves by raiding Pueblo
villages
GREAT PLAINS
Huge region that stretched from Canada to Texas Hunted buffalo, deer, and elk
Buffalo skins used for shields, clothing, and coverings for teepees
Nomadic hunters used spears and bows used corrals to trap game in a ring of fire
GREAT PLAINS (continued)
Built teepees – cone-shaped shelters Some groups, such as the Pawnee, were farmers
of maize, squash, and beans Pawnee were matrilineal – people who traced
their ancestry through mothers, not fathers
NORTHEAST AND SOUTHEAST
Located along the Atlantic Coast Rich in sources of food and shelter Plenty of animals, fish, and wood Many river valleys to provide fresh water
Southeastern Groups Cherokee, Creek, Seminole
Lived in faming villages governed by councils
NORTHEAST AND SOUTHEAST (continued) Northeastern Groups
Algonquian Hunters and gatherers Wampum – strings of beads used as money
Iroquois Farmers, hunters, traders Longhouses – rectangular homes made from logs and
bark that housed 8 to 10 families
NORTHEAST AND SOUTHEAST (continued) IROQUOIS LEAGUE
Also known as the Iroquois Confederacy This was an alliance between the Cayuga, Mohawk,
Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca The league would wage war but also make peace with
non-Iroquois groups The league made the Iroquois one of the most powerful
Native American groups
SHARED RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Religion was linked to nature Spiritual forces were everywhere
Ex: heavenly bodies, sacred places on Earth, animals, and plants
Ceremonies were performed to connect people to Earth and Sky Earth and Sky were givers of life
PROPERTY
Land was to be used by everyone in the village Individual ownership only applied to crops one
grew Native Americans believed the land should be
preserved for future generations