native americans
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Native Americans. Arrangement . American Indians way of life. Indian relations. Indian literature. American Indians way of life ( Everyday life ). Men had fishing and hunting parties - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Native Americans
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Arrangement
American Indians way of life
Indian relations
Indian literature
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American Indians way of life
(Everyday life)• Men had fishing and hunting parties• They enjoyed hours of leisure time
filled with athletic contest , gambing , and other games and pursuits
• Families , clans , and tribes made localized decisions in the absence of the cheif or head authority
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Housing
type of housing depended on available building materials in the different areas…
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Native Americans - Catering
• Native Americans relied on agriculture , hunting , and gathering.
• The women supervised the farming of vegetables such as : maize(com),beans,squash,pumpkins, and other crops.
• They also gathered fruits,nuts, and roots
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Native Americans and Buffalos
Native Americans used nearly every part of the Buffalo.
Meat (=> diet)
Hides (=> clothes , teepes , drums , …)
Bones(=>tools, knifes , sled runners , …)
Skull (=> used in rituals)
Horns (=> bowls , spoons,)
Hoofs ( =>Glue)
Fat (=>candles, soap)
Sinew (=>bowstrings)
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Indian Relations• In the 1490s European exploration
started , at this time Indians were living all over North America.
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• The societies were diverse and have long history.
• The Aztec Empire was the largest Native American civilization with millions of people living in what is now Mexico.
• Native Americans lived here for thousands of years before the Europeans arrived.
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First interactions between Europeans and
Indians• First interactions largely involved
trading near various harbors and rivers of North America
• Europeans established colonies on the shores and Indians became curious.
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How Indians and Europeans benefit from
eachother• Europeans relied on the Indians to teach
them : - survival skills - How to make canoes - shelters and homes - How to make clothes from buckskin - Farming and crops
• Indians aquired the following from Europeans :
- firearms - textiles - and steel tools
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The deadly impact on the Native Americans
• Indians outnumbered Europeans by alot ; In the 1600s the Indians population was from 10.000 to 100.000 people.
• The europeans unwithingly exposed them to disease to which they had no immunity to.
• Small pox was the worst disease and sometimes killed of whole villages
• The Indians who survived were forced to vacate their land and homes because the Europeans didn´t need their guidance and friendship anymore.
• The Indians were forced to the West.
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Indian literature (story telling)
• North American Natives didn’t often write poetry– Their languages varied from tribe to
tribe• Most chants had meaning
– Meanings could be: Making crops grow, inspiring a deer hunt, healing a sick leader, gaining a victory, or a religious ceremony
• Meanings depended on the tribes
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Examples• Delaware: based on pictures and
religion• Navajo: based on crop growth and
weather patterns• Ojibwa/ Chippewa: based on close
relations through nature and describing nature
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Literary Devices• Repetitions• Enumeration• Incremental Development• Ritual beginnings and endings• Specific structure( Pima, Papago)
– Intro: Harmony– Thesis: One or more instances of disruption– Antithesis: measures are taken to overcome
disruption– Conclusion: restored harmony after cycles of
four or some power of four
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Basic Construction• Functions
– Beliefs• About:
– Nature of the physical world– Social order and appropriate behavior– Human nature and the problem of good vs. evil
– Myths• Primal world• Beings are animal spirits in more or less
human form: monsters, confusions of nature• Mythic age flows into age of transformation
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Basic Construction ( Cont.)• Functions ( cont.)
– Deities of cultures• Culture hero, transformer orders the world• Culture hero turns animal people into
animals• Other beings become landmarks• Flows into historical time
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Basic Construction (cont. 2)
• Main Characters– Culture Heroes
• Dramatize protypical events and behaviors• Show how to do what is right and how we
become who we are• Shape the world• Often a divine birth
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Basic Construction ( cont. 3)
• Trickster– Provide disorder and change– Enable us to see the rough side of life– Provide the possibility of change– May be overachievers who get the
comeuppance
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Basic Construction ( cont. 4)
• Themes– Formation of the world– Movement from heaven to the water
realm– Fortunate fall; creation story– Earth-diver myth
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Sources
American Indians way of life• www.welt-der-indianer.de/• The Americans – Reconstruction to the
21st century
Indian literature• http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/natibe.thm
• American LiteratureIndian relations• Elements of Literature