Native Americans of Native Americans of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

AlgonquianAlgonquian

Jerry Hunter, a native of Lac-Simon indian Reservation and wearing Algonquin traditional dresses and paint, takes part into

the dance contest of Wendake Pow-Wow July 1, 2012.

IroquoisIroquois

Two members of the modern-day Iroquois, on a reservation in New York

The Algonquian TribesThe Algonquian Tribes• The Algonquian people were made up of several The Algonquian people were made up of several

different tribes : the Adirondecks, Delawares, different tribes : the Adirondecks, Delawares, Mahicans, Montauks, Wappingers, Nanticokes, Mahicans, Montauks, Wappingers, Nanticokes, & Shawnees, among others. They are the most & Shawnees, among others. They are the most populous and most widespread North populous and most widespread North

American native groups.American native groups.• The number of tribes were The number of tribes were

usually in the hundreds , and usually in the hundreds , and

within these tribes they spoke within these tribes they spoke

several related dialects. several related dialects.

The Algonquian TribesThe Algonquian Tribes• The Algonquian people were The Algonquian people were made up of made up of several several

different tribes : different tribes : the Adirondecksthe Adirondecks, , Delawares, Delawares, Mahicans, Montauks, Wappingers, Nanticokes, Mahicans, Montauks, Wappingers, Nanticokes, & Shawnees, among others& Shawnees, among others. They are the most . They are the most populous and most widespread North populous and most widespread North

American native groups.American native groups.• The number of tribes were The number of tribes were

usually in the hundreds , and usually in the hundreds , and

within these tribes within these tribes they spoke they spoke

several related dialectsseveral related dialects. .

Where did they live?Where did they live? The Algonquian People The Algonquian People

were a semi-migratory were a semi-migratory group that inhabited most group that inhabited most

of the Canadian region of the Canadian region

south of Hudson bay, be-south of Hudson bay, be-

tween the Rockies & the tween the Rockies & the

Atlantic Ocean, extending Atlantic Ocean, extending

as far south as present-day Ohio, Virginia, as far south as present-day Ohio, Virginia,

West Virginia, Western Maryland, Alabama, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Alabama,

South Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and South Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and

Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania.

Where did they live?Where did they live? The Algonquian People The Algonquian People

were a were a semi-migratory semi-migratory group that inhabited group that inhabited most most

of the Canadian region of the Canadian region

south of Hudson bay, be-south of Hudson bay, be-

tween the Rockies & the tween the Rockies & the

Atlantic Ocean, extending Atlantic Ocean, extending

as far south as present-day Ohio, Virginia, as far south as present-day Ohio, Virginia,

West Virginia, Western Maryland, Alabama, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Alabama,

South Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and South Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania. .

The DelawaresThe Delawares They called themselves the Lenni-Lenape: from their They called themselves the Lenni-Lenape: from their

language, where Lenni means"genuine, pure, real, language, where Lenni means"genuine, pure, real, original," and Lenape means "Indian" or "man."original," and Lenape means "Indian" or "man."

English colonists named the Delaware River for the first English colonists named the Delaware River for the first governor of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La governor of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr. Warr.

The English then began to call the Lenape the Delaware The English then began to call the Lenape the Delaware Indians because of where they lived. Indians because of where they lived.

The DelawaresThe Delawares They called themselves the Lenni-LenapeThey called themselves the Lenni-Lenape: from their : from their

language, where language, where Lenni means"genuine, pure, real, Lenni means"genuine, pure, real, original," and Lenape means "Indian" or "man."original," and Lenape means "Indian" or "man."

English colonists named the Delaware River English colonists named the Delaware River for the first for the first governor of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La governor of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr. Warr.

The English then began to call the Lenape the Delaware The English then began to call the Lenape the Delaware Indians because of where they lived. Indians because of where they lived.

The DelawaresThe Delawares Practiced large-scale agriculture in addition to Practiced large-scale agriculture in addition to

hunting/gathering in the regions around the Delaware hunting/gathering in the regions around the Delaware River. River.

They had relatively easy access to small game of the They had relatively easy access to small game of the region: fish, birds, shellfish, & deer. region: fish, birds, shellfish, & deer.

They cultivated fields of vegetation using slash and burn They cultivated fields of vegetation using slash and burn & companion planting techniques, thus maximizing the & companion planting techniques, thus maximizing the productivity of their land. productivity of their land.

The combination of these methods of food production The combination of these methods of food production allowed them to maintain a larger population than allowed them to maintain a larger population than other nomadic hunter-gatherers could support.other nomadic hunter-gatherers could support.

The DelawaresThe Delawares Practiced large-scale agriculture in addition to Practiced large-scale agriculture in addition to

hunting/gathering hunting/gathering in the regions around the Delaware in the regions around the Delaware River. River.

They had relatively easy access to small game of the They had relatively easy access to small game of the region: fish, birds, shellfish, & deer. region: fish, birds, shellfish, & deer.

They They cultivated fields cultivated fields of vegetation of vegetation using slash and burn using slash and burn & companion planting techniques& companion planting techniques, thus maximizing the , thus maximizing the productivity of their land. productivity of their land.

The combination of The combination of these methods of food production these methods of food production allowed them to maintain a larger population than allowed them to maintain a larger population than other nomadic hunter-gatherersother nomadic hunter-gatherers could support. could support.

The NanticokesThe Nanticokes

• The name Nanticokes is derived from The name Nanticokes is derived from Nentego, which means, "Tidewater People.“Nentego, which means, "Tidewater People.“

• Very similar, culturally speaking, to the Very similar, culturally speaking, to the Delaware; they considered them to be Delaware; they considered them to be “elder kinfolk”“elder kinfolk”

The NanticokesThe Nanticokes

• The name The name Nanticokes is derived from Nanticokes is derived from Nentego, which means, "Tidewater People.“Nentego, which means, "Tidewater People.“

• Very similar, culturally speaking, to the Very similar, culturally speaking, to the Delaware; Delaware; they considered them to be they considered them to be “elder kinfolk”“elder kinfolk”

ShawneesShawnees• The name comes from their word The name comes from their word shawanwashawanwa, which , which

means "southerner.“means "southerner.“• Shawnee women planted and harvested corn and squash. Shawnee women planted and harvested corn and squash.

Shawnee men hunted in the forest for deer, turkeys, and Shawnee men hunted in the forest for deer, turkeys, and small game and went fishing in the rivers and lakes. small game and went fishing in the rivers and lakes.

• Shawnee food included soup, cornbread, and stews.Shawnee food included soup, cornbread, and stews.

ShawneesShawnees• The The name comes from their word name comes from their word shawanwashawanwa, which , which

means "southerner.“means "southerner.“• Shawnee Shawnee women planted and harvested corn and squashwomen planted and harvested corn and squash. .

Shawnee Shawnee men hunted in the forest for deer, turkeys, and men hunted in the forest for deer, turkeys, and small game andsmall game and went went fishing in the rivers and lakesfishing in the rivers and lakes. .

• Shawnee food included soup, cornbread, and stews.Shawnee food included soup, cornbread, and stews.

Iroquois

• The Iroquois called themselves the Hodensosaunee, or "the people of the longhouse" because Iroquois life centered around the longhouse and their family relationships

• The name Iroquois came from their rival, the

Algonquians; it means rattlesnake-the

Algonquians viewed the Iroquois as

silent killers who, by the time you

realized they were there, were ready

to attack

Iroquois

• The Iroquois called themselves the Hodensosaunee, or "the people of the longhouse" because Iroquois life centered around the longhouse and their family relationships

• The name Iroquois came from their rival, the

Algonquians; it means rattlesnake-the

Algonquians viewed the Iroquois as

silent killers who, by the time you

realized they were there, were ready

to attack

Iroquois• The Iroquois were actually six nations combined

together, in the Iroquois Confederacy.

• The five original nations were the Mohawk, Oneide, Onondage, Seneca, and Cayuga.

• Later, the Tuscarora joined.

Iroquois• The Iroquois were actually six nations combined

together, in the Iroquois Confederacy.

• The five original nations were the Mohawk, Oneide, Onondage, Seneca, and Cayuga.

• Later, the Tuscarora joined.

Food• Iroquois were hunter-gatherers, but much of their

food came from farming.

• “The Three Sisters” were their most important crops.

• The Three Sisters is the name the Iroquois gave to beans, corn, and squash.

• They also hunted and fished.

• In the spring, the Iroquois collected sap from maple trees and made maple syrup.

• Their food stores allowed them to sustain a larger population than other Native American groups.

Food• Iroquois were hunter-gatherers, but much of there

food came from farming.

• “The Three Sisters” were their most important crops.

• The Three Sisters is the name the Iroquois gave to beans, corn, and squash.

• They also hunted and fished.

• In the spring, the Iroquois collected sap from maple trees and made maple syrup.

• Their food stores allowed them to sustain a larger population than other Native American groups.

Susquehannocks• The Susquehannocks were Iroquoian-speaking

Native Americans who lived in areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River.

• There is no record of what the Susquehannocks called themselves, but an Algonquian-speaking tribe from Virginia called them the Sasquesahanough, meaning "muddy water people” due to their proximity to the Susquehanna River, and the English transliterated that name to Susquehannock.

• In the late 1600s, they were assimilated into the Iroquois Confederacy, although they were not recognized as an independent nation-member.

Susquehannocks• The Susquehannocks were Iroquoian-speaking

Native Americans who lived in areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River.

• There is no record of what the Susquehannocks called themselves, but an Algonquian-speaking tribe from Virginia called them the Sasquesahanough, meaning "muddy water people” due to their proximity to the Susquehanna River, and the English transliterated that name to Susquehannock.

• In the late 1600s, they were assimilated into the Iroquois Confederacy, although they were not recognized as an independent nation-member.

Eries• The names Eries is a shortened form of Erielhonan,

meaning "long tail.“• They were decimated by warfare with the Iroquois in

the 17th century for helping an enemy of the Iroquois.• The Erie were absorbed by the Iroquoian tribes, and

gradually lost their independent identity, although they never achieved full status as part of the Iroquois Confederacy.

• They grew a variety of corn, beans, and squash during the warm season. In winter, they lived off crops that they had stored and animals taken in hunts.

Eries• The names Eries is a shortened form of Erielhonan,

meaning "long tail.“• They were decimated by warfare with the Iroquois in

the 17th century for helping an enemy of the Iroquois.• The Erie were absorbed by the Iroquoian tribes, and

gradually lost their independent identity, although they never achieved full status as part of the Iroquois Confederacy.

• They grew a variety of corn, beans, and squash during the warm season. In winter, they lived off crops that they had stored and animals taken in hunts.

Conclusion• Both the Algonquian and the Iroquois lived inside the

borders of modern-day Pennsylvania.• Both groups were made up of several different tribes,

but grouped themselves together based on cultural similarities (language, primarily).

• Both the Algonquian & Iroquois were hunter-gatherers, but each also cultivated fields in order to build greater food stores, allowing for a larger population than other Native American groups at the time.

Conclusion• Both the Algonquian and the Iroquois lived inside the

borders of modern-day Pennsylvania.• Both groups were made up of several different tribes,

but grouped themselves together based on cultural similarities (language, primarily).

• Both the Algonquian & Iroquois were hunter-gatherers, but each also cultivated fields in order to build greater food stores, allowing for a larger population than other Native American groups at the time.