DISAS

TER MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENTDisasters are as old as human history butthe dramatic increase and the damagecaused by them in the recent past havebecome a cause of national and internationalconcern.Over the past decade, the numberof natural and manmade disasters hasclimbed inexorably. From 1994 to 1998,reported disasters average was 428 per yearbut from 1999 to 2003, this figure went up toan average of 707 disaster events per yearshowing an increase of about 60 per centover the previous years.

Two types of disasters

Natural disaster

Man-made disaster

NATURAL DISASTER A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard that affects the environment, and leads to financial, environmental and/or human losses.

EXAMPLESFlood Tornado

CYCLONE

Volcanic eruptionLandslide

FLOOD

A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. Flood is a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.

MANAGEMENT

Make a family disaster plan.If you have time before evacuating, shut down power at the main switches in your home and disconnect any electrical appliances. Move valuable or essential items to higher floors. Don’t touch electrical equipment if you’re wet or standing in water

TORNADO

A tornado is a violent, rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. The most intense of all atmospheric phenomena, tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.

MANAGEMENTMake a family disaster plan.Pick a safe place in your home.Learn about your community’s warning system.Keep a radio with you to listen the further forecast.Prepare a sufficient food stock.

CYCLONE

A cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Cyclones feed on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air.

MANAGEMENTMake a family disaster plan.Keep a first aid box with you.Stay indoor, away from window during a cyclone.Keep stock of dry food.Fill several containers with fresh water to drink.Be with your family.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONDuring a volcanic eruption, lava, tempura ,ash, lapillus, solid chunks of rock, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of type.

MANAGEMENT

Leave the area immediately.Avoid areas downwind from the eruption if the ash is being expelled.Protect your eyes with goggles or glass.Don’t inhale the harmful smoke.Cover your face with scarf or a cloth.Beware of flying debris.

LANDSLIDEA landslide or landslip is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.

MANAGEMENTStay alert and awake.If you live in landslide area, it is better to leave that area.If you see a crack in ground then alert everyone to leave the area.Be especially alert while driving.

Man made disasterA man-made hazard is a threat having an element of human intent, negligence, or error, or involving a failure of a man-made system. Man-made disasters are disasters resulting from the same factors.

FIRE

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS

EXAMPLES

FIRE

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition

MANAGEMENT

Do not panic during fire.Call fire brigade as soon as possible.Do not use water in fire caused due to any false electrical appliance.Use sand or fire extinguisher.Immediately put burned on the wound cause due to the fire.

INDUSTRIAL HAZARD Industrial disasters occur in a commercial context, such as mining disasters. They often have an environmental impact. It mainly occur due to the carelessness of workers or industry authority.

MANAGEMENT

Do not panic.Go to a safer place.Do not go near industry during disaster.Do not inhale gas coming out from fire.In case of fire, call to fire brigade.

What is vulnerability ?Vulnerability may be defined as “The extentto which a community, structure, servicesor geographic area is likely to be damagedor disrupted by the impact of particularhazard, on account of their nature,construction and proximity to hazardousterrains or a disaster prone area.”

1. PreparednessThis protective process embraces measures which enable governments, communitiesand individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively.Preparedness includes the formulation of viable emergency plans, the developmentof warning systems, the maintenance of inventories and the training of personnel.It may also embrace search and rescue measures as well as evacuation plans forareas that may be at risk from a recurring disaster.

2. MitigationMitigation embraces measures taken to reduce both the effect of the hazard and thevulnerable conditions to it in order to reduce the scale of a future disaster. Thereforemitigation activities can be focused on the hazard itself or the elements exposed tothe threat. Examples of mitigation measures which are hazard specific include watermanagement in drought prone areas, relocating people away from the hazard proneareas and by strengthening structures to reduce damage when a hazard occurs.

Disaster Management Cycle

Disaster Risk Management includes sumtotal of all activities, programmers andmeasures which can be taken up before,during and after a disaster with the purposeto avoid a disaster, reduce its impact orrecover from its losses. The three key stagesof activities that are taken up within disasterrisk management are:

1. Before a disaster (pre-disaster).

Activities taken to reduce human andproperty losses caused by a potentialhazard. For example carrying out awarenesscampaigns, strengthening the existingweak structures, preparation of the disastermanagement plans at household

During a disaster (disasteroccurrence).

Initiatives taken to ensure that the needs andprovisions of victims are met and suffering isminimized. Activities taken under this stageare called emergency response activities.After a disaster (post-disaster)

Initiatives taken in response to a disasterwith a purpose to achieve early recovery andrehabilitation of affected communities,immediately after a disaster strikes. These arecalled as response and recovery activities.

PERSENTED

BY---

Ibrahim

CLASS IX