natural gas and gas turbines: clean, efficient and

Protection notice / Copyright notice© Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Natural Gas and Gas Turbines: Clean, Efficient and Flexible EnergyMike Welch, Industry Marketing Manager O&GSiemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.

Oil & Gas© Siemens AG 2009

May 2012 E O IP BD MK-IND / MJWSlide 2

The Need for Energy

World Energy demand is increasing

Electricity 2.3% p.a.

Although contribution of

renewables is increasing, the World will continue to be reliant on fossil fuels for many years

Coal +1.9% p.a.

Natural Gas +2.6% p.a.

Renewables +3.1% p.a.

Increasing Greenhouse

Gas emissions without measures such as fuel switching and carbon capture

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2008 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

RenewablesNuclearCoalNatural GasLiquids

World Electricity Generation (Trillion kWh) by fuel type

US Energy Information Administration / International Energy Outlook 2011



Combustion Pollutants

NOx

Global warming contributor

Hampers plant growth

Acid Rain formation

Ozone formation – smog: human health impact

CO

Smog contributor

SOx

Acid rain

Unburned Hydrocarbons

Ozone formation – smog: human health impact – carcinogens

Methane slip – Greenhouse Gas effect

Volatile Organic Compounds

Smog formation

Particulate matter

Smog

Human health impact



Why Natural Gas ?

Globally available fuel 150 years + supplies available Transportable

Pipeline

LNG

CNG

Low Carbon = Low CO2 emissions

Offers high energy efficiencies with many technologies

Low Pollutants

No SOx

No particulates

Low NOx combustors readily available and proven

Suitable as a fuel for power, heating and transportation



00.05

0.10.15

0.20.25

0.30.35

0.40.45

Natur

al Gas

Diesel

Coal

Lign

ite

Woo

d

MSW (n

on-B

iom

ass)

CO2

Emission Factors (t per MWh)

Source:

EU SEAP Guidebook

Why Natural Gas ?

• Low CO2 emissions per MWh burned



Gas Turbine Power Generation

How the Gas Turbine is usually perceived

• Combined Cycle

• Centralised Power Plant

• Natural Gas Fuel

• Power transmission and distribution by overhead line

• Highest efficiency for large- scale power generation



Irsching 4 SCC5-8000H 1S 570MW

> 60 %Efficiency

56 %Efficiency

Didcot B 1&2, 702 + 710 MW, 2x(2x1)

52 %Efficiency

Killingholme, 2 x 470 MW, 2x(2x1)

58 %Efficiency

Mainz-Wiesbaden,> 400 MW, (1x1)

Basis - 7.1 % - 10.3 % - 13.3 %2001 1992 1996 2008/2011

Reduction of CO2 emissions

The Evolution of Siemens Combined Cycle Technology

SGT5-4000FSGT5-2000E SGT5-8000HSGT5-4000F



Energy Efficiency

But is CCGT the best solution ?

It is one option: Offers a very high electrical efficiency Clean Requires energy to transport the gas in pipeline network

CO2 emissions

Energy losses in transmission and distribution system

Vulnerability to weather etc

Security of supply

Distributed Generation offers an alternative !



Siemens Range of Gas Turbines

State-of-the-art and innovative gas turbinesto meet today’s and tomorrow’s energy needs

13/15 Units most suitable for Distributed

Generation

47/50



Distributed Generation

Potentially offers the most energy efficient solution

Cogeneration

Utilise waste heat from Gas Turbine to produce heat (or cooling) for local consumption

Steam

Hot water

Hot air

A properly sized Cogeneration plant can achieve 80%+ overall energy efficiency

Utilise locally available fuels

Reduced transmission and distribution losses and improved security of supply

Not a new concept: Used in Oil & Gas for decades !



SGT-300 & SGT-100 for an oil field Khasireyskoye oil field - Russia

Units used for a power plant at the Khasireyskoye oil field north of the Arctic circle (Siberia)

Solution:

Two SGT-100 gas turbine generator sets

Output 4.7 MWe each - DLE Combustion system

Three SGT-300 gas turbine generator sets

Output 7.9 MWe each - DLE Combustion system Guaranteed NOx and CO emission levels of 25ppm

Min. air temp. (-57oC)

Max. air temp. (+30oC)

Gas composition with Wobbe Index Min- Max 37- 49MJ/m3

Significant reduction of emissions : 80-90% reduction of NOx level



• On‐site heat plus Electricity import is more efficient Fuel100% 55%

80%

Electricity

Remote CCGT Power

Plant

On-site Boiler

Steam

Losses 40%

Losses up to 20%

T&D losses circa 5%

Steam distribution losses

Fuel100%

Overall Energy Efficiency =

67.5%

The Benefits of Cogeneration

Overall Energy Balance for Remote Power Generation

Overlooks fuel mix etc. which will reduce efficiency



Fuel100%

35%ElectricityOn-site

Cogeneration Plant

Steam

Losses circa 20%

Steam distribution losses

45%

Overall Energy Efficiency =

80%

Overall Energy Balance for Cogeneration




05000

1000015000200002500030000

Sepa

rate

Hea

t & P

ower

On-

site

Hea

t+

CC

GT

On-

site

Hea

t+

Mix

edPo

wer

Cog

ener

atio

n

RemoteLocal

CO2 Emissions (kg per hour)

30MW Power

40MW Heat

Local Fuel = Gas

GT = 35% eff

Boiler = 90% eff

CCGT = 60% eff

Power Mix = 40% eff

Gas = 0.056kg CO2 /MJ

Mix = 0.087kg CO2 /MJ

(Source: Natural Resources Canada)

> 10% Global CO2 Reduction over

best alternative !




Power Generation: Gas Turbine with Cogeneration

Duct Burner (Optional)

Gas Turbine Generator

Fuel Gas

HRSG

Boiler Feed Water

Process Steam

Exhaust Stack

Unfired: Overall Energy Efficiency c. 80%

Fired: c. 90% achievable



Steam Raising Capabilities for Gas Turbine Co-Generation Plant

Notes:

1. Steam values areindicative only. Actual values depend on site configuration

2. Firing to 850ºC only. Higher firing is available

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Power (MWe)

Stea

m (t

onne

s/hr

) [12

bar

sat

urat

ed]

UnfiredFired

SGT-

100

SGT-

300

SGT-

400

SGT-

500

SGT-

600

SGT-

700

SGT-

800



Reference: Grodno Azot 1 and 2 (2xSSC-300 Cogen DH)

Supplementary firing to 815 C (process

gas)

29 bar process steam

Economizer cooled by DH waterSGT-300

Customer: Grodno Azot, Grodno, BelarusBusiness Concept: GT and plant engineeringIn operation: 2008 (Grodno Azot 1)

Net power output: 14.9 MWProcess steam: 29 bar / 13.9 kg/s / 35.2 MJ/s District heat duty: 13.6 MJ/sPower to heat ratio: 31%Fuel efficiency: 90%

Net power output: 14.9 MWProcess steam: 29 bar / 13.9 kg/s / 35.2 MJ/sDistrict heat duty: 13.6 MJ/sPower to heat ratio: 31%Fuel efficiency: 90%



Reference: Riga CHP (SCC-800 2x1 DH)

Siemens Energy, Inc., 2012. Confidential and Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.

Supplementary HRSG firing from 545 to 740

C (All HRSG)Air-cooled DH auxiliarycooler allows independentPower generation

Heat-only boiler for DH peaks

Multiple gas turbines forextended load range and part load efficiency

Customer: Latvenergo Riga TPP1, LatviaBusiness Concept: EPC / Power PlantIn operation: Oct 2005



Reference: Riga CHP (SCC-800 2x1 DH)

Siemens Energy, Inc., 2012. Confidential and Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.

PSM ed.-Order projects & experience/ Recent projects SSC-300/ SSC-400/ SSC-600/ SCC-700/ SCC-800

Net power output: 140 MWDistrict heating duty: 140 MWFuel efficiency: 91%

Net power output: 140 MWDistrict heating duty: 140 MWFuel efficiency: 91%



Dry Low Emissions (DLE) Combustion

Challenge set in the 1980s by the Market to Gas Turbine manufacturers to burn fuel as efficiently but with fewer pollutants

Accepted the challenge and reduced NOx emissions to 1/5th previous levels

Introduced in 1990s, now standard combustion configuration on some models

Continued development achieving even lower emissions

Simple

Robust

No moving parts

No impact on efficiency

No impact on power output

More than 17 million operating hours achieved

High reliability and availability

Also reduced CO, UHC



Dry Low Emissions

UK Site Retrofit 3 x Dual DLE Typhoon 4.9

Relative Change in NOx Mass Emissions

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

Jan-

98

Feb-

98

Mar

-98

Apr

-98

May

-98

Jun-

98

Jul-9

8

Aug-

98

Sep-

98

Oct

-98

Nov

-98

Dec

-98

Jan-

99

Feb-

99

Mar

-99

Apr

-99

Months



Intelligent DLE

Provides lowest emissions through intelligent control

• Automatically identifies operating point that gives minimum NOx emissions for instantaneous site requirements

• Continuously controls fuel injection between pre-defined limits of temperature and combustor pressure dynamics

• Operation independent of load and fuel composition

• No external instrumentation required

• Dual Fuel (Gas / Liquid) or Gas only operation

• Tri-fuel operation proven (natural gas, lean gas, distillate fuel)

Available on SGT-100 through SGT-400



Dry Low Emissions Combustion: Intelligent DLE

Histogram of NOx emissions with/without the intelligent control fuelled with Processed Landfill Gas

Significant reduction in NOx emissions when intelligent control applied

The spread in the distribution is due to the variations in gas fuel composition

Histogram of NOx emissions with/without the intelligent control fuelled with Processed Landfill Gas

Significant reduction in NOx emissions when intelligent control applied

The spread in the distribution is due to the variations in gas fuel composition

Without intelligent control

With intelligent control

Without intelligent control

With intelligent control

NOx ( ppmv @ 15% O2 ) NOx ( ppmv @ 15% O2 )



Fuel Flexibility

Gas turbines can run on a wide

variety of fuels

DLE combustion

Lean gases (high N2 or CO2 content)

Wellhead gases, landfill gas, digester gas

Rich gases (high HC content)

Wellhead gases, process offgas

Diesel or kerosene

More usual as stand-by fuels

Conventional combustion

High hydrogen gases

LPG and naphtha

Crude oil

10 7040

Lean Gases Rich Gases‘Pipeline’ Quality

Wobbe Index (MJ/Nm3)

Siemens solution available

Time [minutes]

N2

co

nte

nt

[wt%

] an

d N

Ox

[pp

m]

50403020100

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

25

20

15

10

5

0

N2NOxComb DynLoad

Co

mb

ust

ion

Dyn

amic

s [%

of

larm

leve

l]

Load

[MW

]



High Power, Small Footprint

One feature of a modern Light

Industrial Gas Turbine is its high power density

Light weight

Compact

Low vibrations

Modular assemblies

Makes them ideal for installations:

Offshore Platforms

Restricted space

Transportation / site erection constraints

Mobile and transportable units

SGT-400 14.4MW Generator Set:

14.2 m x 3.1m 129 Tonnes

SGT-750 35.9MW Generator Set:

20.3 m x 4.8m



Mobile and Transportable Units

12.4MW Mobile Trailer mounted units

7.9MW transportable units

Compact, easy to transport, quick installation at site



Power generation barge module 4x47MW / 188 MW ISO

4xSGT800 single lift packages in barge or module design

Volga–Don canal adopted

95x16 meters

12 meters transport height



Modularized CCPP concept

ACC modulesE&C module

ACC module

ST tail module

ST module

Oil cooler modules

GT modulesPipe rack modules

HRSG modules

Feed water module

GT E&C modules



Modularized CCPP, for on-offshore installations

Off-shore installation with 4xSCC-800 3x1C, modularized concept



Summary

Gas Turbines offer:

Flexibility in configuration

High Energy Efficiencies achievable leading to reduced GHG emissions

High Electrical efficiency in Combined Cycle

High Overall energy efficiency in Cogeneration

Flexibility in fuel choices

Low combustion emissions

Flexibility in Location



Any Questions?

Thank you for your attention

natural gas and gas turbines: clean, efficient and

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