natural hard wall finishes
DESCRIPTION
NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES. B02/53744/2012- KAMAU ANITA WANJ I KU B02/53770/2012- KHAN HEENABEGUM MEHBOOB. BAR 210- INTERIOR DESIGN. TYPES OF NATURAL, HARD WALL FINISHES. Wood Metal Stone Concrete Tiles Terrazzo. WOOD. Renewable material which is easy to work - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES
BAR 210- INTERIOR DESIGN
B02/53744/2012- KAMAU ANITA WANJIKUB02/53770/2012- KHAN HEENABEGUM MEHBOOB
![Page 2: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TYPES OF NATURAL, HARD WALL FINISHES
Wood Metal Stone Concrete Tiles Terrazzo
![Page 3: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WOODRenewable material which is easy to work
Wood undergoes seasoning, surfacing and grading before it is used.
Types of wood includes;
1. softwoods: pine, redwood, cedar. Softwoods have a simple micro-structure, are course and their grain structure is uninteresting. The soft woods are inexpensive, plentiful and have a resistance to decay, they are used for paneling and moldings.
2. hardwoods : cherry, mahogany and oak. This woods have a more complex structure than softwoods and are mainly used for furniture and interior finish details
![Page 4: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of wood productsSolid wood lumber; it is available in nominal or dimensional material. It is used for rough construction and framing.
Laminated- wood products; they are several layers of wood glued together. They are used for structural or finish works.
Veneers; this are thin sheets or leaves of woods produced by slicing a log, usually to maximize the utility of a piece of fine wood. Four primary veneer cuts includes:
1. Plain (flat) sliced- this is the most common cut
2. Rotary- most economical cut
3. Quarter Shawn
4. Rift cut
![Page 5: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sources of wood
In Africa Congo and Ghana
Europe and North America:
![Page 6: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
STONEStone is used for its aesthetic appearance, durability and ease of maintenance.
Types of stone includes;
1.Igneous
Granites- are dense, hard, durable and susceptible to heat when exposed to fire hence are not used for interior structural applications.
- Are fine or course grained
- Shades: green, pink, yellow, white and black.
- Finishes: polished, honed, flamed and hammered.
- Used for wall cladding, table tops and flooring
![Page 8: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2.Sedimentary
Slate and lime stone
-Tend to be soft and easily cleft and hammered.
- are soft, brittle and splits easily into sheets.
- colour range for slate: blue to orange.
3.Metamorphic rocks
Marble- relatively hard but has a venal structure that is prone to fracture.
-Porous and absorbs oils.
- translucent and available in a wide range of colours.
-Can be polished into shiny, smooth surfaces or honed to matte finish
- used for decorative wall panels, table tops, fire places, counter tops and flooring.
![Page 9: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sources of stoneIn Kenya Juja, Mazeras and Njiru, marble is mined at Mutini and limestone in Bamburi, Mombasa.
The major source of slate stone is Spain
![Page 10: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
METALS Metals are extremely durable material.
Vary in relation to water, oils and chemicals.
Can be drawn into wire, rolled into sheets, cast or stamped.
Stainless steel and chrome resist most reactants encountered in interior environment, they are used in wet rooms and clean rooms.
Brass and bronze are given a protective coat to prevent natural oxidation.
Finish technology for metals include: hammering, brushing and polishing.
Mostly used for ceiling, countertops, and at times on walls and other vertical surfaces.
![Page 11: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sources 0f Metals
-Sources of steel:Australia, China, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, Canada. -Sources of copper: Chile is the major producer of copper, in Africa Zambia is the leading producer followed by DR Congo, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Morocco, Tanzania.
![Page 12: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TERRAZZOTerrazzo is a matrix of marble, granite chips, cement, water or a synthetic resin.
It is dense, extremely durable and smooth.
Coloring is controlled by the size and color of aggregate and binder.
Placed over a concrete over bed.
Types of terrazzo:
- Standard terrazzo- it has small chip sizes.
- Venetian terrazzo- large chips with small chips as filters.
- Paladin
- Rustic terrazzo- uniformly textured finish in which the matrix is depressed, exposing the aggregates, not ground or polished.
![Page 14: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CONCRETE Extremely hard and resistant to weathering.
Aggregate of sand or gravel and a binder-cement- which is mostly used. All this natural materials have to be mixed by man in order to be used.
Concrete blocks are also used for wall interior finishes.
![Page 16: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TILESThey are thin in relation to their facial area.
Can be textured, smooth, embossed, patterned, sculptured, engraved, glazed or unglazed.
CERAMIC TILES
Advantages
- Impervious.
- Available in a wide variety of colours, sizes and finishes.
- Extremely durable.
![Page 17: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Disadvantages
-Expensive.
- Brittle.
- Requires extraordinary substrate.
- Can be perceived as cold.
Used in; clean areas, wet areas, high traffic areas.
Sources around the world; China, Italy, Mexico, Canada and Spain.
Flamingo tiles whose headquarters are in Nairobi produce tiles locally.
![Page 18: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: NATURAL HARD WALL FINISHES](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/5681401a550346895dab6ada/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Thank you