Natural OccurrencesBy Phyllis Butler

Light Sound Temperature Density Pressure Salinity

Water’s saltiness Average ocean is 33-37 0/00 Measured in 0/00 salt parts per thousand H2O Composed of cations + and anions – Source = Halocline is Salinity change or barrier More salt means water is more dense Salinometer measures salinity Desalination creates what? How do organisms react to salinity changes?

Formula is Mass/Volume Vertical circulation is affected by density

changes H2O = 1.00 g/cm3 Sea water is= 1.028-

1.037g/cm3 Most dense ocean water is in the Antarctic Pycnocline means a noticeable change in

density How are organisms affected by density?

Water has the highest heat capacity Cold water is more dense than warm water Ice and water vapor are less dense than

liquid H2O Measured by Bathythermograph and

Reversing Thermometer. Thermocline is noticeable change in

temperature 100-1,000 m. How does temperature affect organisms?

In the ocean, the Photic zone is 0-200 m Darkness occurs after 1,000 m Electromagnetic radiation produces light Red creates long wave lengths that get

absorbed Blue/Green create short wave lengths that

reflect Oceanic plants can only survive in the first

200 m How do organisms adapt to light in the

ocean?

Atmospheric pressure=14.7 lb/in squared 1 ATM pressure =10 m depth Deep ocean =200-11,000 m deep Pressure ranges from 20 ATM to 1,100 ATM Is affected by Density, Salinity, & Pressure Increase Salinity and Density increase

Pressure Decrease Temperature and increase

Pressure. How does Pressure affect organisms?