natural products - link.springer.com3a978-3-642-22144-6%2f… · some plants based drugs are used...

Natural Products

Kishan Gopal RamawatJean-Michel MerillonEditors

Natural Products

Phytochemistry, Botanyand Metabolism of Alkaloids,Phenolics and Terpenes

With 1569 Figures and 307 Tables

Editors-in-Chief:Kishan Gopal RamawatBotany Department, M.L. Sukhadia UniversityUdaipur 313001India

Jean-Michel MerillonBiological-Active Plant Substances Study GroupUniversity of BordeauxInstitute of Vine and Wine SciencesVillenave d’OrnonFrance

ISBN 978-3-642-22143-9 ISBN 978-3-642-22144-6 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-642-22145-3 (Print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/ 978-3-642-22144-6Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London

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Preface

We are pleased to present a five volume treatise on “Natural products:

phytochemistry, botany and metabolism”. Natural products are as diverse as plant

biodiversity and it was a herculean task to bring together several hundred leading

scientists distributed all over the world to contribute in this project.

This five volumes work on Natural Products is reference work providing

state-of-the-art knowledge composed by highly renowned scientists in their field.

The book is intended to serve the needs of graduate students, Ph.D. scholars,

researchers in the field of phytochemistry, botany, agricultural sciences, pharmacy,

nutrition, biotechnology and, industrial scientists and those involved in marketing

phytochemicals, plants and their extracts. The present reference work will

encompass the information about well established phytochemicals, biology and

biotechnology of medicinal plants or their products, their biosynthesis, novel

production strategies, demand and uses, metabolism and bioavailability. This

book is a work of tertiary literature containing digested knowledge in an easily

accessible format.

Use of medicinal plants is as old as human civilization and continuous efforts are

being made to explore new and old medicinal plants for novel bioactive molecules

or to produce these products in high amounts through modern technologies. About

200,000 natural products of plant origin are known and many more are being

identified from higher plants and micro-organisms. Some plants based drugs are

used since centuries and there are not many alternatives for some natural drugs as

cardiac glycosides or morphine. Various facets of bioactive molecules have

developed very rapidly in the last two decades particularly due to newer tools of

isolation and identification as well as refined molecular techniques to establish the

biological properties of isolated molecules. This endeavour is to timely compile this

vast data generated in recent past. This is well reflected in 139 chapters running in

over 4000 pages of text and vast literature cited in each chapter. The readers will

find comprehensive information on almost all bioactive molecules. While planning

this book our endeavour was to incorporate articles that cover the entire gamut of

bioactive molecules of all the three major classes, viz., alkaloids, phenolics and

terpenes. Each volume is further divided into sections such as General Biology and

Biotechnology; Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Structure and Chemistry,

v

Distribution; Methods of Analysis; (para) Pharmacology and Bioavailability; and

Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (in phenolics).

Some examples are sufficient to illustrate the spectrum of chapters in different

sections such as: on alkaloids (Biotechnology and genetic engineering for alkaloid

production, various classes of alkaloids e.g., Purine alkaloids, Ergot alkaloids,

Terpenoid indole alkaloids, Pharmacological effects of ephedrine, Lycopodium

alkaloids, Biological activities of pepper alkaloids, Neurotoxic alkaloids from

cyanobacteria, Prevention of brain disorders by nicotine, Opioids and pain

treatment, Ecological roles of alkaloids); on phenolics (Genetics of flavonoids,

Functional foods: Genetics, metabolome and engineering, phytonutrient levels,

Cocoa cultivation, directed breeding and polyphenolics, classes of phenolics,

Polyphenols and anticancer activity, Tannins and anthocyanins of wine:

phytochemistry and organoleptic properties, Polyphenols and beer quality, Wine

polyphenols and vascular protective effects, Isoflavonoids and phytoestrogenic

activity, Functional grapes, Potential neuroprotective actions of dietary flavonoids,

Prospects of functional foods / nutraceuticals and markets), and on terpenes (Ter-

penes: Chemistry, biological role and therapeutic applications, Biotransformation

of terpenoids and steroids, Production and genetic engineering of terpenoids pro-

duction in plant cell cultures and organ cultures, Taxol-producing fungi, Metabolic

engineering of isoprenoids biosynthesis, classes of terpenes, Cannabinoids: Chem-

istry and Medicine, Phytosterols: Beneficial effects, Ginsenosides: Biological

activities, Ginkgolides and neuroprotective effects, Quassinoids: Anti-cancer and

antimalarial activities, Phytoecdysteroids: phytochemistry and pharmacological

activity, Brassinosteroids and their biological activity, and so on).

These compounds exhibit various ecological functions, provide protection

against attack by herbivores and microbes, and serve as attractants for pollinators

and seed-dispersing agents. Natural products are explored as sources of drugs,

flavouring agents, fragrances and for a wide range of therapies. Rapid progress

has been made in recent years in understanding natural product accumulation and

synthesis, and regulation and functions. It is timely to bring this information

together with contemporary advances in chemistry, plant biology, ecology, and

pharmacology and metabolism of natural products in the form of a comprehensive

treatise on natural products.

Because of the voluminous work for the treatise, this project was spread over

almost two years, from concept to print. We would like to acknowledge

cooperation, patient and support of our contributors who have put their serious

efforts to ensure the high scientific quality of this book with up to date information.

This work could not be completed without active support of Springer team who

took pains in streamlining the production process. We are particularly indebt to

Drs. Marion Hertel, Lydia Muller, Sylvia Blago and Simone Giesler for their

continuous support from very inception of the project.

March 2013 K. G. Ramawat

J.-M. Merillon

vi Preface

About the Editors

Professor (Dr.) K. G. Ramawat, Former Professor & Head Botany Department,

M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

Professor K. G. Ramawat did his Ph.D. (1978, Plant Biotechnology) from the

University of Jodhpur, India and joined as faculty member in January 1979.

He joined M.L.Sukhadia University as Associate Professor in 1991 and became

Professor in 2001. He served as Head, Department of Botany (2001-2004,

2010-2012), In charge, Department of Biotechnology (2003-2004), member task

force on medicinal and aromatic plants, Department of Biotechnology, Government

of India, New Delhi (2002-2005) and co-ordinator UGC-DRS and DST-FIST

programmes (2002-2012). He did his Post-doctoral at the University of Tours,

France (1983-85) and subsequently worked as visiting professor at University of

Tours (1991) and University of Bordeaux2, France (1995, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2010).

He visited Poland under INSA-PAN academic exchange programme (2005).

During last 38 years of his career, he has published more than 170 peer reviewed

papers and articles. He has edited books on Biotechnology of medicinal plants,

secondary metabolites, Bioactive molecules, Herbal drugs, Plant defence:

biological control, Desert plants; published by Science Publishers Inc, Enfield,

USA and Springer Verlag, Germany. His research on recalcitrant woody legume

trees of desert (Prosopis, Zizyphus, Commiphora), production of useful metabolites

vii

from woody plants (Comiphora, Pueraria) was funded by UGC, CSIR, ICAR, DBTand DST, New Delhi. Works related to use of novel growth modulators and elicitors

on the production of guggulsterones, stibenes and isoflvonoids are well cited.

He has supervised doctoral thesis of 25 students. He is member of several academic

bodies, associations and editorial boards of journals.

Professeur Jean-Michel Merillon, Directeur de l’EA 3675 (Groupe d’Etude des

Substances Vegetales a Activite Biologique + Polyphenols Biotech), Faculte de

Pharmacie, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin,

Villenave d’Ornon, France

Professor J.M. Merillon received his M.Pharma. (1979) and Ph.D. (1984) from the

University of Tours in France. He joined the University of Tours as assistant professor

in 1981, became associate professor in 1987, and a full professor in 1993 at the faculty

of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, France. He is currently group leader of a “study

group on biologically active plant substances” at the Institute of Vine and Wine

Sciences, which comprises 25 scientists and research students. His group has worked

for many years on phenolic compounds from vine and wine, mainly complex

stilbenes and their involvement in health. He has supervised the doctoral theses of

18 students. He has published more than 125 research papers in internationally

recognized journals. He has an H index of 29 according to the analysis of documents

published between 1996 and 2013. He has co-edited four books on secondary metab-

olites and biotechnology (Science Publishers, USA; Springer, Germany). He is

involved in developing teaching on plant biology, natural bioactive compounds and

biotechnology. He has traveled widely as a senior professor. Scientists from several

countries are working in his laboratory and his research is supported by funding from

the Aquitaine Regional Government, the Ministry of Higher Education and Research,

and various private companies. He founded a technology transfer unit in 2004,

Polyphenols Biotech, providing support for R&D programs for SMEs and major

groups from the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agricultural and health-nutrition sectors.

viii About the Editors

Contents

Volume 1

Part I Alkaloids: General Biology and Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Microbial Production of Plant Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids . . . 3

Eitaro Matsumura, Motoki Matsuda, Fumihiko Sato, and

Hiromichi Minami

2 Alkaloids of Marine Macroalgae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Kasım Cemal G€uven, Burak Coban, Ekrem Sezik,

H€useyin Erdugan, and Ferda Kaleagasıoglu

3 Neurotoxic Alkaloids from Cyanobacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Ralf Kellmann, Olivier Ploux, and Brett A. Neilan

4 Bioproduction of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Catharanthusroseus Cell Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Lorena Almagro, Mariana Sottomayor, and Maria Angeles Pedreno

5 Bioactive Alkaloids from South American Psychotria and RelatedRubiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Helio Nitta Matsuura, Diogo Denardi Porto, and Arthur Germano

Fett-Neto

6 Ecological Role of Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Shaily Goyal

7 Plant In Vitro Systems as Sources of Tropane Alkaloids . . . . . . 173

Vasil Georgiev, Andrey Marchev, Strahil Berkov, and

Atanas Pavlov

8 Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering forAlkaloid Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Smita Srivastava and Ashok Kumar Srivastava

9 Marine Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids, Makaluvamines andDiscorhabdins, and Marine Pyrrole-Imidazole Alkaloids . . . . . . 251

Hiromichi Fujioka and Yasuyuki Kita

ix

10 Internet Natural Product Trade, Business, and Risk ofDamaged and/or Contaminated Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Maria Laura Colombo, Maria Teresa Pinorini, and

Ario Conti

Part II Alkaloids: Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis,Structure and Chemistry, Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

11 Alkaloids Derived from Lysine: Piperidine Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . 303

Eva Szoke, Eva Lemberkovics, and Laszlo Kursinszki

12 Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine: Tropane Alkaloids . . . . . . . . 343

Stefan Philipov and Tsvetelina Doncheva

13 Alkaloids Derived From Ornithine: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids . . . . 359

Helmut Wiedenfeld

14 Alkaloids Derived from Lysine: Quinolizidine (a Focus onLupin Alkaloids) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Giovanna Boschin and Donatella Resta

15 Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine: ModifiedBenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Feroz Khan, Tabish Qidwai, Rakesh K. Shukla, and Vikrant Gupta

16 Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine: Penethylisoquinoline(Autumnaline, Colchicine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Pijush Paul, Mihir Halder, and Sumita Jha

17 Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Zhong Jin and Xiao-Hua Xu

18 Bioactive Alkaloids from Fungi: Psilocybin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Zafar Alam Mahmood

19 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: Harmine and RelatedAlkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

T. D. Nikam, K. M. Nitnaware, and M. L. Ahire

20 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: TerpenoidIndole Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

Shilpa Ramani, Nandadevi Patil, Suhas Nimbalkar, and

Chelliah Jayabaskaran

21 Chemistry and Biology of Cinchona Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Karol Michał Kacprzak

22 Chemistry and Biology of Camptothecin and itsDerivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Karol Michał Kacprzak

x Contents

23 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: A Focus onErgot Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

Peter Mai and Shu-Ming Li

24 Alkaloids Derived from Anthranilic Acid: Quinoline,Acridone, and Quinazoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

Maria Fatima das Gracas Fernandes da Silva, Joao Batista

Fernandes, Moacir Rossi Forim, Paulo Cezar Vieira, and

Israel Cıvico Gil de Sa

25 Alkaloids Derived from Histidine: Imidazole(Pilocarpine, Pilosine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

Ana Paula Santos and Paulo Roberto H. Moreno

26 Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reaction:Acetate-Derived (Coniine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883

Rumen Binev

27 Ephedra Alkaloids-Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reaction:Phenylalanine Derived . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909

Ali Parsaeimehr and Elmira Sargsyan

28 Terpenoid Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reaction . . . . . . . . . 923

Krishna Prasad Devkota and Norbert Sewald

29 Purine Alkaloids, Cytokinins, and Purine-Like NeurotoxinAlkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953

Hiroshi Ashihara, Takao Yokota, and Alan Crozier

30 Aziridine Alkaloids: Origin, Chemistry and Activity . . . . . . . . . 977

Valery M. Dembitsky, Alexander O. Terent’ev, and

Dmitri O. Levitsky

Volume 2

Part III Alkaloids: Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007

31 Methods of Analysis: Tropane Alkaloids fromPlant Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009

Philippe Christen, Stefan Bieri, and Strahil Berkov

32 Methods for Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049

Colin Crews

33 Methods of Analysis of Opium Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069

Carmen Cruces-Blanco, Diego Airado-Rodrıguez, and

Ana M. Garcıa-Campana

Contents xi

34 Analysis of Catharanthus Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121

Qinhua Chen and Zilin Chen

35 Methods for Analysis of Ergot Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133

Colin Crews

36 Analysis of Alkaloids by Capillary Electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . 1153

Roberto Gotti

Part IV Alkaloids: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201

37 Pharmacology of Macroalgae Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

Ferda Kaleagasıoglu, Kasım Cemal G€uven, Ekrem Sezik,

H€useyin Erdugan, and Burak Coban

38 Pharmacological Effects of Ephedrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217

Renata Pereira Limberger, Ana Laura Bemvenuti Jacques,

Gabriela Cristina Schmitt, and Marcelo Dutra Arbo

39 Lycopodium Alkaloids: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239

Elın Soffıa Olafsdottir, Elsa S. Halldorsdottir, N. M. Pich, and

S. Omarsdottir

40 Scope of Alkaloids in Antileishmanial Drug Discoveryand Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1263

Bhuwan B. Mishra, Navneet Kishore, Rakesh K. Singh, and

Vinod Kumar Tiwari

41 Pharmacological/Biological Effects of Berberine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301

Eva M. Galvez, M. Perez, P. Domingo, D. Nunez, V. L. Cebolla,

M. Matt, and J. Pardo

42 Alkaloids and Drug Discovery for NeurodegenerativeDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331

Melanie-Jayne R. Howes

43 Opioids and Pain Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367

Daniel Krashin, Andrea Trescot, and Natalia Murinova

44 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced Toxicity to the Liver . . . . . . . . . 1383

Manuela G. Neuman

45 Biological Activities of Pepper Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397

Krishnapura Srinivasan

46 Antiangiogenic Alkaloids from Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439

Flavia Cristine Mascia Lopes, Luis Octavio Regasini,

Manuel Nuno de Magalhaes Pinheiro Alcada, and Raquel Soares

47 Prevention of Brain Disorders by Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469

Karim Alkadhi, Samina Salim, and Karem Alzoubi

xii Contents

48 Aconitum Alkaloids and Biological Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503

Ainura Chodoeva, Jean-Jacques Bosc, and Jacques Robert

49 Alkaloids and Inhibitory Effects Against Enzymes Linked toNeurodegenerative Diseases (Physostigmine, Galanthamine,Huperzine, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525

Ilkay Erdogan Orhan and F. Sezer Senol

Part V Phenolics: General Biology and Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . 1541

50 Phenolic Compounds: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543

Vincenzo Lattanzio

51 Metabolic Engineering for Functional Foods: TomatoFruits and Stilbenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1581

Giovanna Giovinazzo, Ilaria Ingrosso, Marco Taurino, and

Angelo Santino

52 Cocoa Cultivation, Directed Breeding and Polyphenolics . . . . . . 1599

Reinhard Lieberei, Daniel Kadow, and David Seigler

53 Genetics of Flavonoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1617

Ramesh Prasad Pandey and Jae Kyung Sohng

54 Isoflavonoid Production by Genetically EngineeredMicroorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1647

Brady F. Cress, Robert J. Linhardt, and Mattheos A. G. Koffas

55 Bioproduction of trans-Resveratrol from GrapevineCell Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683

Lorena Almagro, Sarai Belchı-Navarro, Ana Belen Sabater-Jara,

Juan Carlos Vera-Urbina, Susana Selles-Marchart,

Roque Bru, and Marıa Angeles Pedreno

56 Functional Foods: Genetics, Metabolome, and EngineeringPhytonutrient Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715

Tahira Fatima, Avtar K. Handa, and Autar K. Mattoo

Volume 3

Part VI Phenolics: Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis,Structure and Chemistry, Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751

57 Flavanols: Catechins and Proanthocyanidins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1753

Joana Oliveira, Nuno Mateus, and Victor de Freitas

58 Anthocyanins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803

Sonia de Pascual-Teresa, Maria Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta, and

Cristina Garcıa-Viguera

Contents xiii

59 Flavones and Flavonols: Phytochemistry andBiochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1821

Qiang Zhang, Xinhuai Zhao, and Hongbin Qiu

60 Isoflavonoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849

Varsha Sharma and Kishan G. Ramawat

61 Minor Flavonoids (Chalcones, Flavanones, Dihydrochalcones,and Aurones) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1867

Masayuki Ninomiya and Mamoru Koketsu

62 Stilbenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901

Tao Shen, Chun-Feng Xie, Xiao-Ning Wang, and

Hong-Xiang Lou

63 Phenolic Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1951

Marta Goleniowski, Mercedes Bonfill, Rosa Cusido, and

Javier Palazon

64 Hydrolyzable Tannins: Gallotannins and Ellagitannins . . . . . . . 1975

Michael Jourdes, Laurent Pouysegu, Denis Deffieux,

Pierre-Louis Teissedre, and Stephane Quideau

Part VII Phenolics: Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011

65 Preparative Extraction and Separation ofPhenolic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013

Winny Routray and Valerie Orsat

66 Mass Spectrometric Detection of Phenolic Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2047

Santi M. Mandal and Dipjyoti Chakraborty

67 Analytical Methods of Phenolic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2061

Ioana Ignat, Irina Volf, and Valentin I. Popa

68 Phenolic Compounds in Catharanthus roseus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2093

David M. Pereira, Patrıcia Valentao, Mariana Sottomayor,

Federico Ferreres, and Paula B. Andrade

69 Flavonoids by HPLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107

S. W. Annie Bligh, Olumuyiwa Ogegbo, and Zheng-Tao Wang

70 Polyphenol Purification by Solid Support-Free Liquid–LiquidChromatography (CCC, CPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2145

Jane Hubert, Karen Ple, Mahmoud Hamzaoui, and

Jean-Hugues Renault

Part VIII Phenolics: Biological Activity and Bioavailability . . . . . . 2173

71 Cellular, Molecular, and Biological Perspective of Polyphenolsin Chemoprevention and Therapeutic Adjunct in Cancer . . . . . 2175

Sanjeev Banerjee and Paulraj Rajamani

xiv Contents

72 Tannins and Anthocyanins of Wine: Phytochemistry andOrganoleptic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2255

Pierre-Louis Teissedre and Michael Jourdes

73 Grapevine Stilbenoids: Bioavailability andNeuroprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2275

Pierre Waffo-Teguo, Stephanie Krisa, Alison D. Pawlus,

Tristan Richard, Jean-Pierre Monti, and Jean-Michel Merillon

74 Proanthocyanidins of Cocoa: Bioavailability andBiological Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2311

Manuel Rusconi, Maria Teresa Pinorini, and Ario Conti

75 Polyphenols and Beer Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2333

Sonia Collin, Vesna Jerkovic, M. Br€ohan, and D. Callemien

76 Wine Polyphenols and Vascular Protective Effects . . . . . . . . . . . 2361

Cyril Auger and Valerie B. Schini-Kerth

77 Isoflavonoids and Phytoestrogenic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2381

Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero

78 Phenolics in Human Nutrition: Importance of the IntestinalMicrobiome for Isoflavone and Lignan Bioavailability . . . . . . . . 2433

Thomas Clavel and Job O. Mapesa

79 Bioavailability of Anthocyanins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2465

Ana Faria, Iva Fernandes, Nuno Mateus, and Conceicao Calhau

Volume 4

Part IX Phenolics: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods . . . . . . . . 2489

80 Prospects of Functional Foods/Nutraceuticals andMarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2491

Josep Valls, Nacho Pasamontes, Albert Pantaleon,

Susana Vinaixa, Montse Vaque, Arantza Soler,

Silvia Millan, and Xavier Gomez

81 Food Sources of Phenolics Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2527

Wende Li and Trust Beta

82 Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Prevention of Diseases . . . . . 2559

Neelam Jain and Kishan G. Ramawat

83 Functional Grapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2581

Maria Isabel Fernandez-Marın, Raul F. Guerrero, Belen Puertas,

Marıa Carmen Garcıa-Parrilla, and Emma Cantos-Villar

Contents xv

84 Potential Neuroprotective Actions of Dietary Flavonoids . . . . . . 2617

David Vauzour, Marcus Rattray, Robert J. Williams, and

Jeremy P. E. Spencer

85 Improvement of Nutraceutical Value of Food byPlant Symbionts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2641

Manuela Giovannetti, Luciano Avio, and Cristiana Sbrana

Part X Terpenes: General Biology and Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . 2663

86 Terpenes: Chemistry, Biological Role, and TherapeuticApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2665

Priyanka P. Brahmkshatriya and Pathik S. Brahmkshatriya

87 Biosynthesis of Terpenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2693

Nelson L. Brock and Jeroen S. Dickschat

88 Biotransformation of Terpenoids and Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2733

Wang-Yu Tong

89 Production and Genetic Engineering of Terpenoids Productionin Plant Cell and Organ Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2761

Mercedes Bonfill, Sonia Malik, M. Hossein Mirjalili,

Marta Goleniowski, Rosa Cusido, and Javier Palazon

90 Taxol Producing Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2797

Xiaoran Hao, Jiao Pan, and Xudong Zhu

91 Metabolic Engineering of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . 2813

Anne Pribat, Lisa Boureau, Anne Mortain-Bertrand,

Linda S. Bert, Dominique Rolin, Emeline Teyssier, and

Philippe Gallusci

92 Selection of Tomato Rich in Nutritional Terpenes . . . . . . . . . . . . 2853

Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo, Salvador Rosello, and Fernando Nuez

93 Volatile Oils from Marine Macroalgae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2883

Kasım Cemal G€uven, Ekrem Sezik, Ferda Kaleagasıoglu,

H€useyin Erdugan, Burak Coban, and Elif Karakas

94 Ecological Functions of Terpenoids in Changing Climates . . . . . 2913

Jarmo K. Holopainen, Sari J. Himanen, J. S. Yuan, F. Chen, and

C. Neal Stewart Jr.

95 Hairy Root Culture: An Alternative Terpenoid ExpressionPlatform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2941

Jocelyne Tremouillaux-Guiller

xvi Contents

Part XI Terpenes: Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Structureand Chemistry, Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2971

96 Regular Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes(Essential Oils) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2973

Remigius Chizzola

97 Monoterpenes: Iridoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3009

Biswanath Dinda and Sudhan Debnath

98 Guaianolide Sesquiterpenoids: Pharmacologyand Biosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3069

Henrik Toft Simonsen, Corinna Weitzel, and Søren Brøgger

Christensen

99 Biosynthesis and Production of Artemisinin: A Novel Classof Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3099

Athar Ali, Mather Ali Khan, and Mailk Zainul Abdin

100 Nivalenol (Fungal Sesquiterpenes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3123

Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi and Makoto Kimura

101 Taxol and Related Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3159

Hojjat Sadeghi-aliabadi and Afsaneh Yegdaneh

102 Diterpenes for Therapeutic Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3173

Virginia Lanzotti

103 Diterpene Sweeteners (Steviosides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3193

Akula Ramakrishna and Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar

104 Triterpenoid Saponins: A Focus on Polygalaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205

Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois, Clement Delaude, and Anne-Claire

Mitaine-Offer

105 Plant Steroidal Saponins: A Focus on Open-ChainGlycosides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3225

Victoria L. Challinor and James J. De Voss

106 Tetraterpenes: Carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3251

Shinichi Takaichi

Volume 5

Part XII Terpenes: Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3285

107 Essential Oils: Analytical Methods to Control the Qualityof Perfumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3287

Alberto Chisvert, Marina Lopez-Nogueroles, and

Amparo Salvador

Contents xvii

108 Methods for Analysis of Triterpenoid Saponins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3311

Jinlan Zhang and Feng Qu

109 Methods of Isolation and Analysis of Forskolin fromColeus forskohlii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3325

Mohamed Saleem A.

110 Quassinoids: Chemistry and Novel Detection Techniques . . . . . . 3345

Dipjyoti Chakraborty and Amita Pal

111 Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Carotenoids . . . . . . . . . 3367

Siti Machmudah and Motonobu Goto

Part XIII Terpenes: Pharmacology and Bioavailability . . . . . . . . . 3413

112 Cannabinoids: Chemistry and Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3415

Giovanni Appendino and Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati

113 Phytosterols: Beneficial Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3437

Jonathan Santas, Rafael Codony, and Magda Rafecas

114 Withanolides: Chemistry and Antitumor Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . 3465

M. Iqbal Choudhary, Sammer Yousuf, and Atta-ur-Rahman

115 Pharmacology of Ginsenosides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3497

Kar Wah Leung

116 Sesquiterpenes and Cytotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3515

Ajay Sharma, Vivek K. Bajpai, and Shruti Shukla

117 Tanshinones Against Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseasesand their Biosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3551

Lixin Zhang and Xueting Liu

118 Strigolactones and Biological Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3583

Koichi Yoneyama, Xiaonan Xie, and Kaori Yoneyama

119 Biological Activity of Oleuropein and its Derivatives . . . . . . . . . 3605

Stefania Bulotta, Manuela Oliverio, Diego Russo, and

Antonio Procopio

120 Bacosides and Neuroprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3639

Sukanya Majumdar, Amrita Basu, Pijush Paul, Mihir Halder, and

Sumita Jha

121 Garlic and Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3661

Syed Haris Omar

122 Ginkgolides and Neuroprotective Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3697

Syed Haris Omar

xviii Contents

123 Cardiac Glycosides and Anticancer Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3743

Yuan Lin, Dapeng Chen, Li Wang, and Dongmei Ye

124 Terpenes and Improvement of Transdermal Drug Delivery . . . . 3757

Lifeng Kang, Vaddi Haranath Kumar, Perry Fung Chye Lim,

Han Hui Cheong, and Sui Yung Chan

125 Quassinoids: Anticancer and Antimalarial Activities . . . . . . . . . 3775

Emeline Houel, Didier Stien, Genevieve Bourdy, and

Eric Deharo

126 Glycyrrhizic Acid: Biological Effects on Glucose andLipid Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3803

So Ha Ton, Chanchal Chandramouli, and Khalid BAK

127 Phytoecdysteroids: Phytochemistry and PharmacologicalActivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3827

Gert Laekeman and Arnold Vlietinck

128 Brassinosteroids and their Biological Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3851

Jana Oklest0kova, Lucie Rarova, and Miroslav Strnad

Part XIV Terpenes: Parapharmaceutical Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3873

129 Lycopene in Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3875

Kazim Sahin and Omer Kucuk

130 Xanthophylls and the Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3923

Hannah E. Bartlett

131 Triterpenoid Centellosides: Bioactivities and Uses inHealthcare Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3959

Puziah Hashim

132 Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3975

Vivek K. Bajpai, Shruti Shukla, and Ajay Sharma

133 Menthol: Biological Effects and Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3989

Demetrius A. M. Araujo, Darizy F. Silva, Humberto C. Joca,

Jose H. Leal-Cardoso, and Jader S. Cruz

134 Eugenol as Local Anesthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4001

Gehoon Chung and Seog Bae Oh

135 Carotenoids as Colorants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4017

Bernardo Dias Ribeiro and Raquel Grando de Oliveira

136 Oleoresins from Pine: Production and Industrial Uses . . . . . . . . 4037

Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Correa, Julio Cesar de

Lima, and Arthur Germano Fett-Neto

Contents xix

137 Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids: Use inVeterinary Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4061

Arturo Anadon, Irma Ares, Marıa Aranzazu Martınez, and

Marıa Rosa Martınez-Larranaga

138 Essential Oils in Insect Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4087

Catherine Regnault-Roger

139 Biological Activities of Selected Mono- and Sesquiterpenes:Possible Uses in Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4109

Gerhard Buchbauer and Anja Ilic

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4161

xx Contents

List of Contributors

Mailk Zainul Abdin Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Centre

for Transgenic Plant Development, Jamia Handard University, New Delhi, India

M. L. Ahire Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, MS, India

Diego Airado-Rodrıguez Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of

Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

Manuel Nuno de Magalhaes Pinheiro Alcada Department of Biochemistry

(U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Athar Ali Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Centre for Trans-

genic Plant Development, Jamia Handard University, New Delhi, India

Karim Alkadhi Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,

University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA

Lorena Almagro Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of

Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Karem Alzoubi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan

University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Arturo Anadon Departamento de Toxicologıa y Farmacologıa, Facultad de

Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Paula B. Andrade REQUIMTE/Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de

Quımica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Maria Angeles Pedreno Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology,

University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Giovanni Appendino Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari,

Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy

Demetrius A. M. Araujo Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de

Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraıba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil

Marcelo Dutra Arbo REQUIMTE, Laboratorio de Toxicologia, Departamento de

Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

xxi

Irma Ares Departamento de Toxicologıa y Farmacologıa, Facultad de

Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Hiroshi Ashihara Department of Biological Sciences, Ochanomizu University,

Tokyo, Japan

Cyril Auger UMR CNRS 7213 – Laboratoire de Biophotonique et

Pharmacologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France

Luciano Avio Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Pisa,

Italy

Vivek K. Bajpai Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, School of Biotech-

nology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea

Khalid BAK School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University

Sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Sanjeev Banerjee Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer

Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

Hannah E. Bartlett Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health

Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

Amrita Basu Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Sarai Belchı-Navarro Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia,

Murcia, Spain

Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero Physiopathologie de la plasticite neuronale, U862,

Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

Strahil Berkov AgroBioInstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria

Linda S. Bert Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit

et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Trust Beta Department of Food Science and Richardson Centre for Functional

Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Stefan Bieri Official Food and Veterinary Control Authority of Geneva, Geneva,

Switzerland

Rumen Binev Tracia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

S. W. Annie Bligh Institute for Health Research and Policy, London Metropolitan

University, London, UK

Mercedes Bonfill Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia,

Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Jean-Jacques Bosc INSERM U916, Institut Bergonie, Universite Bordeaux

Segalen, Bordeaux, France

xxii List of Contributors

Giovanna Boschin Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli

Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

Genevieve Bourdy UMR 152 (Laboratoire Pharmadev), Institut de Recherche

pour le Developpement (IRD), Universite de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France

Lisa Boureau Universite de Bordeaux 1, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et

Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Pathik S. Brahmkshatriya Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.

i. and Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the

Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

Priyanka P. Brahmkshatriya Department of Pharmacology, L. J. Institute of

Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

M. Br€ohan Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life

Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Nelson L. Brock Institut f€ur Organische Chemie, Technische Universit€at Braun-schweig, Braunschweig, Germany

Roque Bru Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of

Alicante, Campus Universitario de San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante, Spain

Gerhard Buchbauer Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Center

of Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Stefania Bulotta Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of

Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

Conceicao Calhau Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), University of Porto,

Porto, Portugal

D. Callemien Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life


Emma Cantos-Villar Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera

(IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz,

Spain

V. L. Cebolla Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

Cientıficas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain

Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo Instituto Universitario de Conservacion y Mejora de

la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia,

Valencia, Spain

Dipjyoti Chakraborty Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali

Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

List of Contributors xxiii

Victoria L. Challinor School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The

University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Sui Yung Chan Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore,

Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Chanchal Chandramouli School of Science, Monash University Sunway

Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Qinhua Chen Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discov-

ery, Ministry of Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Screen-

ing, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China

Zilin Chen Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery,

Ministry of Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Screening,

Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China

Dapeng Chen Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian,

China

F. Chen Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,

TN, USA

Han Hui Cheong Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore,

Republic of Singapore

Alberto Chisvert Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia,

Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

Remigius Chizzola Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compunds,

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Ainura Chodoeva INSERM U916, Institut Bergonie, Universite Bordeaux

Segalen, Bordeaux, France

M. Iqbal Choudhary H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center

for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University,

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Philippe Christen School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of

Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland

Søren Brøgger Christensen Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, The

Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Gehoon Chung National Research Laboratory for Pain, Dental Research Institute

and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul

National University, Seoul, Korea

xxiv List of Contributors

Thomas Clavel Biofunctionality Unit – Junior Research Group Intestinal

Microbiome, ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TU

M€unchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

Burak Coban Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Karaelmas University,

Zonguldak, Turkey

Rafael Codony Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy,

University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Sonia Collin Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life


Maria Laura Colombo Department of Drug Science and Technology, School of

Pharmacy, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

Ario Conti Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Center of Competence,

Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences, Olivone, Switzerland

Brady F. Cress Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for

Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

Troy, NY, USA

Colin Crews Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton,

York, UK

Alan Crozier School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life

Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

Carmen Cruces-Blanco Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of


Jader S. Cruz Departamento de Bioquımica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias

Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Rosa Cusido Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat

de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Sudhan Debnath Department of Chemistry, MBB College, Agartala, Tripura, India

Denis Deffieux Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255) and Institut

Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac, France

Eric Deharo UMR 152 (Laboratoire Pharmadev), Institut de Recherche pour le

Developpement (IRD), Universite de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France

Clement Delaude Centre de Recherche Phytochimique, Universite de Liege,

Institut de Chimie, Liege, Belgium

Valery M. Dembitsky N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian

Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

List of Contributors xxv

Krishna Prasad Devkota Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer

Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick,

MD, USA

Bernardo Dias Ribeiro Biochemical Engineering Department, Federal Univer-

sity of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Jeroen S. Dickschat Institut f€ur Organische Chemie, Technische Universit€atBraunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

Biswanath Dinda Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar,

Tripura, India

P. Domingo Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones


Tsvetelina Doncheva Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute

of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of

Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

H€useyin Erdugan Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, 18 Mart Univer-

sity, Canakkale, Turkey

Ana Faria Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Investigation

Centre (CIQ), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Tahira Fatima Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA–ARS,

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, Univer-

sity of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Iva Fernandes Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Investiga-

tion Centre (CIQ), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Joao Batista Fernandes Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao

Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

Maria Isabel Fernandez-Marın Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y

Pesquera (IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera,

Cadiz, Spain

Federico Ferreres Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant

Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Espinardo

(Murcia), Spain

Arthur Germano Fett-Neto Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnol-

ogy and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS),

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

xxvi List of Contributors

Moacir Rossi Forim Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao


Victor de Freitas Departamento de Quımica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de

Investigacao em Quımica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Hiromichi Fujioka Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka Univer-

sity, Osaka, Japan

Philippe Gallusci Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du

Fruit et Pathologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Eva M. Galvez Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones


Ana M. Garcıa-Campana Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of


Marıa Carmen Garcıa-Parrilla Area de Nutricion y Bromatologıa, Facultad de

Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

Cristina Garcıa-Viguera Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro

de Edafologıa y Biologıa Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, Murcia, Spain

Vasil Georgiev Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Applied

Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian

Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Manuela Giovannetti Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment,

University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Giovanna Giovinazzo Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR,

Lecce, Italy

Marta Goleniowski CEPROCOR Science and Technology Ministery, Cordoba,

Argentina

Xavier Gomez Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

Motonobu Goto Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University,

Nagoya, Japan

Roberto Gotti Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bologna,

Bologna, Italy

Shaily Goyal Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany,

M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

Raquel Grando de Oliveira Biochemical Engineering Department, Federal

University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

List of Contributors xxvii

Raul F. Guerrero Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera

(IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz,

Spain

Vikrant Gupta Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and

Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India

Kasım Cemal G€uven Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Beykoz,

Istanbul, Turkey

Mihir Halder Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of

Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Elsa S. Halldorsdottir Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health

Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Mahmoud Hamzaoui UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-

Ardenne, Reims, France

Avtar K. Handa Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Center

for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Purdue University, Purdue, IN, USA

Xiaoran Hao National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiol-

ogy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

Puziah Hashim Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research

Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Sari J. Himanen Plant Production Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland,

Mikkeli, Finland

Jarmo K. Holopainen Department of Environmental Science, University of

Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Emeline Houel UMR ECOFOG, CNRS, Cayenne, France

Melanie-Jayne R. Howes Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew,

Richmond, Surrey, UK

Jane Hubert UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne,

Reims, France

Ioana Ignat Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,

“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

Anja Ilic Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Center of Pharmacy,

University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Ilaria Ingrosso Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Lecce, Italy

Ana Laura Bemvenuti Jacques Laboratorio de Analises e Pesquisas

Toxicologicas, Departamento de Analises, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

xxviii List of Contributors

Neelam Jain Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany,

M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

Chelliah Jayabaskaran Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science,

Bangalore, India

Vesna Jerkovic Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life


Sumita Jha Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of

Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Zhong Jin Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin,

China

Humberto C. Joca Departamento de Bioquımica e Imunologia, Instituto de

Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,

Brazil

Michael Jourdes ISVV, EA 4577 Oenologie, Universite de Bordeaux,


Karol Michał Kacprzak Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz

University, Poznan, Poland

Daniel Kadow Department of Applied Vegetation Science and Crop Science,

Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universit€at Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Ferda Kaleagasıoglu Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,

Yeditepe University, Kayısdagı, Istanbul, Turkey

Lifeng Kang Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore,

Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Elif Karakas Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Beykoz, Istanbul,

Turkey

Ralf Kellmann Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen,

Norway

Feroz Khan Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central

Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP, India

Mather Ali Khan Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences

Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA

Makoto Kimura Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Gene

Regulation, Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School

of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

Navneet Kishore Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras

Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India

List of Contributors xxix

Yasuyuki Kita College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University,

Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan

Mattheos A. G. Koffas Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,

Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic

Institute, Troy, NY, USA

Mamoru Koketsu Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of

Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

Daniel Krashin Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of

Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Stephanie Krisa ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite

Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Omer Kucuk Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA

Vaddi Haranath Kumar Product Development, Noven Pharmaceuticals, USA

Laszlo Kursinszki Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University,

Budapest, Hungary

Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267 (FDE/

UFC), Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France

Gert Laekeman Pharmacotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,

Belgium

Virginia Lanzotti Department of Food Science, University of Naples Federico II,

Portici, Naples, Italy

Vincenzo Lattanzio Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environ-

ment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy

Jose H. Leal-Cardoso Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciencias

Biomedicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Eva Lemberkovics Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University,

Budapest, Hungary

Kar Wah Leung Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China

Dmitri O. Levitsky CNRS UMR 6204, Biotechnologie, Biocatalyse et

Bioregulation, Faculte des Sciences et des Techniques, Universite de Nantes,

Nantes, France

Shu-Ming Li Philipps-Universit€at Marburg, Institut f€ur Pharmazeutische Biologie

und Biotechnologie, Marburg, Germany

Wende Li Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food

Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

xxx List of Contributors

Reinhard Lieberei Department of Applied Vegetation Science and Crop Science,

Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universit€at Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Julio Cesar de Lima Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and

Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto

Alegre, RS, Brazil

Perry Fung Chye Lim Department of Pharmacy, National University of

Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Renata Pereira Limberger Laboratorio de Analises e Pesquisas Toxicologicas,

Departamento de Analises, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto

Alegre, RS, Brazil

Yuan Lin Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian,

China

Robert J. Linhardt Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center

for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

Troy, NY, USA

Xueting Liu Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic

Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Beijing, China

Flavia Cristine Mascia Lopes Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of

Medical Sciences, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Marina Lopez-Nogueroles Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of

Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

Hong-Xiang Lou Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharma-

ceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China

Siti Machmudah Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University,

Nagoya, Japan

Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,

Surabaya, Indonesia

Zafar Alam Mahmood Colorcon Limited – UK, Dartford Kent, UK

Peter Mai Philipps-Universit€at Marburg, Institut f€ur Pharmazeutische Biologie

und Biotechnologie, Marburg, Germany

Sukanya Majumdar Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study,

University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Sonia Malik Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia,

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

List of Contributors xxxi

Santi M. Mandal Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory Central

Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB,

India

Job O. Mapesa Biofunctionality Unit, ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and

Food Sciences, TU M€unchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University,

Egerton, Kenya

Agri-Food and Nutrition Innovations, Nairobi, Kenya

AndreyMarchev Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Applied

Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian

Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Marıa Aranzazu Martınez Departamento de Toxicologıa y Farmacologıa,

Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Marıa Rosa Martınez-Larranaga Departamento de Toxicologıa y

Farmacologıa, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,

Madrid, Spain

Nuno Mateus Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Investiga-

tion Centre (CIQ), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Motoki Matsuda Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology,

Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan

Eitaro Matsumura Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology,


Helio Nitta Matsuura Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology

and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS),

Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

M. Matt Laboratoire de Chimie et Methodologie pour l´environnement,

Universite de Metz, Metz, France

Autar K. Mattoo Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS,

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA

Jean-Michel Merillon ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a

Activite Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Silvia Millan Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

Hiromichi Minami Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology,


M. Hossein Mirjalili Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs

Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

xxxii List of Contributors

Bhuwan B. Mishra Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study,

Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India

Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267

(FDE/UFC), Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France

Jean-Pierre Monti ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite


Paulo Roberto H. Moreno Laboratorio de Quımica de Produtos Naturais,

Instituto de Quımica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil

Anne Mortain-Bertrand Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de

Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Natalia Murinova Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle,

WA, USA

Brett A. Neilan School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and

Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney,

NSW, Australia

Manuela G. Neuman In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of

Pharmacology and Toxicology, South Tower of the MaRS Discovery Centre,

University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

T. D. Nikam Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, MS, India

Suhas Nimbalkar Atash Seeds Pvt Ltd, Cherlapally Hyderabad, India

Masayuki Ninomiya Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty

of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

K. M. Nitnaware Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, MS, India

Fernando Nuez Instituto Universitario de Conservacion y Mejora de la

Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia,

Valencia, Spain

D. Nunez Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones


Olumuyiwa Ogegbo Institute for Health Research and Policy, London Metropol-

itan University, London, UK

Seog Bae Oh National Research Laboratory for Pain, Dental Research Institute

and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul

National University, Seoul, Korea

Jana Oklest0kova Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and

Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic

List of Contributors xxxiii

Elın Soffıa Olafsdottir Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health

Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Joana Oliveira Departamento de Quımica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de

Investigacao em Quımica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Manuela Oliverio Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”

of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

Syed Haris Omar School of Biomedical Sciences and E.H. Graham Centre for

Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South

Wales, Australia

S. Omarsdottir Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences,

University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Ilkay Erdogan Orhan Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi

University, Ankara, Turkey

Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern

Mediterranean University, Gazimagosa (Famagusta), The Northern Cyprus, Turkey

Valerie Orsat Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University,

Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

Amita Pal Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Javier Palazon Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia,

Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Jiao Pan National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology,

College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

Ramesh Prasad Pandey Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of

Biomolecule Reconstruction, College of Health Science, Sun Moon University,

Chungnam, South Korea

Albert Pantaleon Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

J. Pardo Departamento Bioquımica y Biologıa Molecular y Celular, Facultad de

Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Fundacion Aragon I + D (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain

Grupo Inmunidad Celular Efectora (ICE), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de

Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain

Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza,

Spain

Ali Parsaeimehr G. S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems, National

Academy of Sciences Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia

xxxiv List of Contributors

Nacho Pasamontes Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

Sonia de Pascual-Teresa Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of

Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain

Nandadevi Patil Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science,

Bangalore, India

Pijush Paul Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Atanas Pavlov Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Applied

Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Acad-

emy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Department of Organic Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Food Technol-

ogies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Alison D. Pawlus ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite


Marıa Angeles Pedreno Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia,

Murcia, Spain

David M. Pereira REQUIMTE/Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de


M. Perez Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones


Stefan Philipov Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of

Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of

Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

N. M. Pich Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences,

University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Maria Teresa Pinorini Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Center of

Competence, Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences, Olivone, Switzerland

Karen Ple UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims,

France

Olivier Ploux Laboratoire Charles Friedel, Chimie ParisTech, ENSCP, CNRS,

UMR 7223, Paris, France

Valentin I. Popa Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,


Diogo Denardi Porto Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brazilian Agricul-

tural Research Corporation, Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil

Laurent Pouysegu Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255) and

Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac, France

List of Contributors xxxv

Anne Pribat Universite de Bordeaux 1, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et

Pathologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Antonio Procopio Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”

of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

Belen Puertas Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA),

Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain

Tabish Qidwai Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central

Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP, India

Hongbin Qiu School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang,

China

Feng Qu State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural

Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and

Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Stephane Quideau Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255) and

Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac, France

Magda Rafecas Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of

Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

Atta-ur-Rahman H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for

Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Paulraj Rajamani School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univer-

sity, New Delhi, India

Akula Ramakrishna Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Tech-

nological Research Institute, (Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and

Industrial Research), Mysore, India

Shilpa Ramani Novozymes South Asia Pvt Ltd, Whitefield Bangalore, India

Kishan G. Ramawat Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of

Botany, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

Lucie Rarova Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute

of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Marcus Rattray Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading,

Reading, UK

Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar Plant Cell Biotechnology Department,

Central Food Technological Research Institute, (Constituent Laboratory of Council

of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, India

Luis Octavio Regasini Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara Institute of

Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University–UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

xxxvi List of Contributors

Catherine Regnault-Roger Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, UMR UPPA

CNRS 5254 IPREM-EEM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France

Jean-Hugues Renault UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-

Ardenne, Reims, France

Donatella Resta HPF Nutraceutics s.r.l., Milan, Italy

Tristan Richard ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite


Jacques Robert INSERM U916, Institut Bergonie, Universite Bordeaux Segalen,

Bordeaux, France

Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Correa Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center

for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do

Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Dominique Rolin Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du


Salvador Rosello Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural,

Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain

Winny Routray Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University,

Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

Manuel Rusconi Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Center of

Competence, Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences, Olivone, Switzerland

Diego Russo Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of

Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

Israel Cıvico Gil de Sa Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao


Ana Belen Sabater-Jara Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia,

Murcia, Spain

Hojjat Sadeghi-aliabadi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Phar-

macy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Isfahan University of

Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Kazim Sahin Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

Mohamed Saleem A. Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Phar-

maceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Samina Salim Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,

University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA

Amparo Salvador Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia,

Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

List of Contributors xxxvii

Maria Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta Department of Characterization, Quality and

Security, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN),

CSIC, Madrid, Spain

Jonathan Santas Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of

Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Angelo Santino Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Lecce, Italy

Ana Paula Santos Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Sao

Paulo, Capivari-SP, Brazil

Elmira Sargsyan G. S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems, National

Academy of Sciences Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia

Fumihiko Sato Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Totipotency,

Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of

Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Cristiana Sbrana Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR,

Pisa, Italy

Valerie B. Schini-Kerth UMR CNRS 7213 – Laboratoire de Biophotonique et

Pharmacologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France

Gabriela Cristina Schmitt Laboratorio de Analises e Pesquisas Toxicologicas,

Departamento de Analises, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto

Alegre, RS, Brazil

David Seigler Department of Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA

Susana Selles-Marchart Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry,

University of Alicante, Campus Universitario de San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante,

Spain

F. Sezer Senol Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi

University, Ankara, Turkey

Norbert Sewald Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,

Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

Ekrem Sezik Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi Univer-

sity, Ankara, Turkey

Ajay Sharma Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, School of Biotechnol-

ogy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea

Varsha Sharma Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of

Botany, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

xxxviii List of Contributors

Tao Shen Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China

Rakesh K. Shukla Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal

and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India

Shruti Shukla Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam Univer-

sity, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea

Darizy F. Silva Departamento de Biorregulacao, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude,

Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil

Maria Fatima das Gracas Fernandes da Silva Departamento de Quımica,

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

Henrik Toft Simonsen Department of Plants and Environmental Sciences,

Faculty of Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen,

Frederiksberg, Denmark

Rakesh K. Singh Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, UP, India

Raquel Soares Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine,

University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Jae Kyung Sohng Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of

Biomolecule Reconstruction, College of Health Science, Sun Moon University,

Chungnam, South Korea

Arantza Soler Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

Mariana Sottomayor Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Univer-

sity of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Jeremy P. E. Spencer Molecular Nutrition Group, Centre for Integrative Neuro-

science and Neurodynamics, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University

of Reading, Reading, UK

Krishnapura Srinivasan Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR –

Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India

Smita Srivastava Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology

Madras, Chennai, India

Ashok Kumar Srivastava Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotech-

nology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India

C. Neal Stewart Jr. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee,

Knoxville, TN, USA

List of Contributors xxxix

Didier Stien Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette,

France

Miroslav Strnad Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and

Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Department of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological

and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health

Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Eva Szoke Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest,

Hungary

Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali,

Universita di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Shinichi Takaichi Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki,

Japan

Marco Taurino Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Lecce, Italy

Pierre-Louis Teissedre ISVV, EA 4577 Oenologie, Universite de Bordeaux,


Alexander O. Terent’ev N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian

Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Emeline Teyssier Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du


Vinod Kumar Tiwari Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study,

Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India

So Ha Ton School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon

Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Wang-Yu Tong Integrated Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Health

Science, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, China

Andrea Trescot Algone Pain Center, Wasilla, AK, USA

Jocelyne Tremouillaux-Guiller University F. Rabelais, Tours, France

Patrıcia Valentao REQUIMTE/Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de


Josep Valls Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

Montse Vaque Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

David Vauzour Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of

Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

xl List of Contributors

Juan Carlos Vera-Urbina Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry,

University of Alicante, Campus Universitario de San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante,

Spain

Paulo Cezar Vieira Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao


Susana Vinaixa Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain

Arnold Vlietinck Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Analysis,

University of Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium

Irina Volf Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,


James J. De Voss School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The Univer-

sity of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Pierre Waffo-Teguo ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite


LiWang Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Xiao-Ning Wang Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharma-

ceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China

Zheng-Tao Wang The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for

Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia

Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

Corinna Weitzel Department of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of

Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen,

Frederiksberg, Denmark

Helmut Wiedenfeld Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universit€at, Bonn, Germany

Robert J. Williams Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of

Bath, Bath, UK

Chun-Feng Xie College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular

Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

Xiaonan Xie Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan

Xiao-Hua Xu Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University,

Tianjin, China

Dongmei Ye Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian,

China

College of Medicine, Chifeng University, Inner Mongolia, China

List of Contributors xli

Afsaneh Yegdaneh Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and

Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical

Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Takao Yokota Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan

Kaori Yoneyama Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya,

Japan

Koichi Yoneyama Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya,

Japan

Sammer Yousuf H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for

Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

J. S. Yuan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M

University, College Station, TX, USA

Jinlan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of

Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical

Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Lixin Zhang Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic

Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Beijing, China

Qiang Zhang School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang,

China

Xinhuai Zhao Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education,

Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilong-

jiang, China

Xudong Zhu National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiol-

ogy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

xlii List of Contributors

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