nature and extent of crime soc 112 part 3. introduction 1. shocking crimes occurring - school /...
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Nature and Extent of Nature and Extent of CrimeCrime
SOC 112SOC 112
Part 3Part 3
IntroductionIntroduction1.1. Shocking crimes occurringShocking crimes occurring
- school / workplace shootings- school / workplace shootings
- hate crimes (minorities / gays)- hate crimes (minorities / gays)
- serial killers (Ridgeway / pig farmer)- serial killers (Ridgeway / pig farmer)
- terrorist attacks- terrorist attacks
a. Ask why?a. Ask why?
- most violent industrialized country- most violent industrialized country
- accept crime- accept crime
- age / race / gender / sex orientation- age / race / gender / sex orientation
Introduction, cont.Introduction, cont.b. Study of crime / criminologyb. Study of crime / criminology - complex / fascinating venture- complex / fascinating venture
(1) Understand basic concepts(1) Understand basic concepts - crime / criminals / criminal - crime / criminals / criminal law / criminology law / criminology
(2) Crime increasing since 9/11(2) Crime increasing since 9/11 - read news / see on tv- read news / see on tv - others / means little to us- others / means little to us - senseless / unexplainable - senseless / unexplainable
Introduction, cont.Introduction, cont.c. Growing trend: workplace / schoolc. Growing trend: workplace / school
- Patrick Sherrill: - Patrick Sherrill: “going postal”“going postal”
- Columbine High School- Columbine High School
d. Explore phenomenond. Explore phenomenon
- why do people kill?- why do people kill?
- focus on social sciences- focus on social sciences
- interaction with criminal law- interaction with criminal law
(1) Criminal law(1) Criminal law
Introduction, cont.Introduction, cont. - legal mechanism- legal mechanism
- society reacts to crime- society reacts to crime
(2) Through law (2) Through law
- attempt to prevent crime- attempt to prevent crime
e. Understand crimee. Understand crime
- determine what is criminal - determine what is criminal
2.2. CrimeCrime
Crime, cont.Crime, cont.- different definitions- different definitions
- - “An intentional act or omission that “An intentional act or omission that
violates criminal statutory violates criminal statutory law.”law.”
a. Historical meaninga. Historical meaning
- not defined- not defined
- private matters- private matters
- wronged took action / kin- wronged took action / kin
(1) Family structure changed(1) Family structure changed
History, cont.History, cont. - societies more complex- societies more complex
- people more mobile- people more mobile
(2) Concept of crime developed(2) Concept of crime developed
- against the king- against the king
- revenge = private citizen- revenge = private citizen
(3) King of Babylon (1900 BC)(3) King of Babylon (1900 BC)
- “- “Code of HammurabiCode of Hammurabi””
- first known written laws - first known written laws
History, cont.History, cont. - existing rules / customs- existing rules / customs
- religious habits / beliefs- religious habits / beliefs
- “- “eye for an eyeeye for an eye””
- both adults / youth- both adults / youth
b. King represented stateb. King represented state
- -
- wrongs reported to king- wrongs reported to king
- wronged subject / wronged king- wronged subject / wronged king
- “- “crimes against the statecrimes against the state””
Crime: Past and PresentCrime: Past and Present3.3. Impression: more serious todayImpression: more serious today
- fabric of society unraveling - fabric of society unraveling
a. Modern industrial societiesa. Modern industrial societies - excluding US- excluding US - significantly safer today- significantly safer today - declined steadily since 13- declined steadily since 13thth century century - medieval / early modern Europe- medieval / early modern Europe - 10 to 20 times higher- 10 to 20 times higher
b. Urbanization / industrialization b. Urbanization / industrialization
Crime, cont.Crime, cont. - associated with declining levels- associated with declining levels
- US: more violent- US: more violent
- raised on violence- raised on violence
- laws / law enforcement: little help- laws / law enforcement: little help
c. c. ProhibitionProhibition
- homicides increased- homicides increased
- organized crime- organized crime
- CJS heavily involved - CJS heavily involved
- remained constant during 1930s- remained constant during 1930s
Crime, cont.Crime, cont.d. d. After WWIIAfter WWII
- upward trend- upward trend
- continued into 1980s- continued into 1980s
- but less than 19- but less than 19thth century century
(1) Why?(1) Why?
- different laws / police / - different laws / police / societysociety
(2) Condoned the killing of:(2) Condoned the killing of:
- Native / African Americans- Native / African Americans
Crime, cont.Crime, cont.4.4. An act defined by lawAn act defined by law
- understand: nature / purpose of law- understand: nature / purpose of law
- every area of human interaction- every area of human interaction
a. Used to:a. Used to:
- protect ownership- protect ownership
- define private / public property- define private / public property
- regulate business- regulate business
- raise revenues- raise revenues
- protect institutions - protect institutions
Crime, cont.Crime, cont. - regulate: marriage / divorce / - regulate: marriage / divorce /
adoptionadoption - preserve order (criminal law)- preserve order (criminal law)
b. Designed to protect:b. Designed to protect: - legal / social / political systems- legal / social / political systems
5.5. Two systems of social control:Two systems of social control:- - formal and informalformal and informal
a. Informala. Informal
Crime, cont.Crime, cont. (1) (1) FolkwaysFolkways
- patterns of acting- patterns of acting - arise from unconscious- arise from unconscious - fail to hold door open- fail to hold door open - mild ridicule / ostracism- mild ridicule / ostracism
(2) (2) CustomsCustoms - more accepted behavior- more accepted behavior - violated / greater opposition- violated / greater opposition - talking in theater- talking in theater - more stringent warning- more stringent warning
Crime, cont.Crime, cont. (3) (3) MoresMores
- group’s social norms- group’s social norms
- moral standards- moral standards
- considered essential / welfare- considered essential / welfare
and preservationand preservation
- unemployed / drinking- unemployed / drinking
- sanctioned severely - sanctioned severely
b. b. FormalFormal
- law: both civil / criminal- law: both civil / criminal
Crime, cont.Crime, cont. (1) (1) System of controlSystem of control
(2) (2) More specificMore specific
- defines wrongful acts- defines wrongful acts
(3) (3) More rational proceduresMore rational procedures
- legislative body / courts- legislative body / courts
- formal enforcement- formal enforcement
6.6. Purpose of criminal lawPurpose of criminal law
Purpose, cont.Purpose, cont. - all behavior considered aberrant - all behavior considered aberrant - what should be covered?- what should be covered?
a. How extensive?a. How extensive? - same gender sex / prostitution / - same gender sex / prostitution /
gambling / drug / alcohol / suicidegambling / drug / alcohol / suicide - “victimless crimes”- “victimless crimes” - society the victim?- society the victim? - religious or moral?- religious or moral?
b. How do we determine?b. How do we determine?
Purpose, cont.Purpose, cont. (1) (1) Mala in seMala in se
- wrong within themselves- wrong within themselves - murder / robbery / rape / etc.- murder / robbery / rape / etc.
(3) (3) Mala prohibitaMala prohibita - wrong because we say they - wrong because we say they
areare - public drinking / loitering / etc.- public drinking / loitering / etc.
QUESTIONSQUESTIONS::* do our laws control morality?* do our laws control morality?
* protect people against themselves?* protect people against themselves?