nature of perception, characteristics of perciever, situation & target
TRANSCRIPT
Nature Of Perception, Characteristics Of Perceiver, Target & Situation
Dr. G C Mohanta, BE, MSc(Engg), MBA, PhD(Mgt)
Professor
Perception
Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.
The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.
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Nature of Perception
Perception. The process by which people select, organize,
interpret, retrieve, and respond to information.
Perceptual information is gathered from: Sight.
Hearing.
Touch.
Taste.
Smell.
© 2008 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning 3-4
A Model for Social Perception
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Factors influencing Perception
Characteristics of the perceiver.
Characteristics of the target.
Characteristics of the situation.
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Characteristics of Perceiver
The perceptual process is influenced by
the perceiver’s:
Past experiences.
Needs or motives.
Personality.
Values and attitudes.
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Characteristics of the Situation
The perceptual process is influenced by
the situation’s:
Physical context.
Social context.
Organizational context.
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Characteristics of the Target
The perceptual process is influenced by
characteristics of the perceived person, object,
or event, such as:
Contrast.
Intensity.
Figure-ground separation.
Size.
Motion.
Repetition or novelty.
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Stages of the perceptual process
Information attention and selection.
Organization of information.
Information interpretation.
Information retrieval.
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Information attention and selection
Selective screening.
Lets in only a tiny proportion of all the information that bombards a person.
Two types of selective screening.
Controlled processing.
Screening without perceiver’s conscious awareness.
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Organization of informationSchemas
A schema is a mental concept which informs a person about what to expect from a variety of experiences and situations.
Schemas are developed based on information provided by life experiences and are then stored in memory.
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Information interpretation
Uncovering the reasons behind the ways
stimuli are grouped.
People may interpret the same
information differently or make different
attributions about information.
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Information Retrieval & Response
to Perceptual Process
Information Retrieval
Attention and selection, organization and interpretation
are part of memory.
Information stored in memory must be retrieved in
order to be used.
Response to perceptual process
Thoughts.
Feelings.
Actions.