nature of sound waves - physics
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For my classmates! Hi! =)))TRANSCRIPT
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Nature of SoundNature of Sound
By Group 3IV-St. Catherine
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The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 meters per second or 186,000 miles per second (669,600,000 mph), which is roughly 870,000 times faster than the speed of sound.This means that light travelsfaster than sound.
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CAN SOUND TRAVEL IN WATER?
IS THERE SOUND ON THE MOON?
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• the sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of hearing by vibrations transmitted through the air or other medium
• it is an ENERGY
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• Any sound that you hear as a tone is made of regular, evenly spaced waves of air molecules.
NOISE
TONE
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How is sound produced?
• Vibration and particles of fluid• Source of sound Vibrations in molecules
in all directions ear eardrums
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How is sound transmitted?
• Through vibrations• Travel in air, liquid, gas• They do not travel in vacuum and so they do
not travel in SPACE!
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Wavelength• spacing of the waves -
the distance from the high point of one wave to the next one
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Speed is not the same with frequency
• Frequency refers to the number of vibrations that an individual particle makes per unit of time (how often)
• speed refers to the distance that the disturbance travels per unit of time (how fast)
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Intensity
• amount of energy flowing per unit time over an area
• depends on the amplitude and the distance of the observer from the source
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Loudness• subjective response that will vary with a
number of factors.• scale extending from 'soft' to 'loud.‘• measure of the response of the ear to the
sound
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• Sensation of a frequency• High pitch = High Frequency• Low pitch = Low Frequency
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Speed of Sound Waves in Solids, Liquids and Gases
Speed in Solids > Speed in Liquids > Speed in Gases
Why? This is because molecules in a
solid medium are much closer together than those in a liquid or gas, allowing
sound waves to travel more quickly through it
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The Quality of Sound• TIMBRE - Timbre is what makes a particular
musical sound different from another• Musical instruments
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FACTORS AFFECTING WAVE SPEEDFACTORS AFFECTING WAVE SPEED
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1. Properties of medium1.1 Elastic properties – maintaining the
object’s shape (no deformation) when force is applied.
- fastest in solids, then liquids and lastly in gases
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1.2 Inertial properties – tendency to be lethargic in its state of
motion- includes mass and density- sound will travel more faster in a less
dense material than in a more dense material.
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2. Properties of air, temperature and humidity
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Speed of sound waves at different temperatures
• Higher Temperature = Faster sound waves
• Lower Temperature = Slower sound waves
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Why? :/
• At lower temperatures the air is denser and therefore harder to travel through
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Speed of sound in air= 331 m/s (at 0˚C)
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Speed of a sound wave
• Speed of a sound wave refers to how fast the disturbance is passed from particle to particle.
• v = 331 m/s + (0.6 m/s/C) * T
In Celsius (C)
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Speed vs. Distance
• Directly proportional
•As speed increases, the distance covered increases too.
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Example:
Determine the speed of sound on a cold winter day (T=3 degrees C).
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Example:SOLUTION:
given: Temperature = 3˚C
v = 331 m/s + 0.6 m/s/C * T = 331 m/s + 0.6m/s/c * 3˚C = 332.8 m/s
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• doubling of the wavelength results in a halving of the frequency; yet the wave speed is not changed
• Speed = Wavelength * Frequency • v = f • λ
Unit: Hertz (Hz)
ANOTHER EQUATION TO DETERMINE THE SPEED
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EXAMPLE
• Playing middle C on the piano keyboard produces a sound with a frequency of 256 Hz. Assuming the speed of sound in air is 345 m/s, determine the wavelength of the sound corresponding to the note of middle C.
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EXAMPLE • Solution:
Given: frequency = 256 Hzspeed of sound in air = 345 m/swavelength = ?
speed = wavelength * frequencywavelength = speed/frequency
= 345 m/s / 256 Hz = 1.348 m = 1.35 m
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IMPORTANT USES OF SOUNDIMPORTANT USES OF SOUND
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Important uses of SOUND
• Ultra Sound tests - diagnostic imaging techniques to create images of
blood vessels, tissues and organs- Pregnant women -Aid detection of heart disease, tumors, gallstones, etc
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STETHOSCOPE-HEAR THE INTERNAL SOUNDS OF BODY.
-AMPLIFIES THE SOUND INSIDE YOUR BODY.
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THE END THE END
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In fluids… In solids…
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• Pressure-pulse or compression-type wave -Sound wave that travels in fluids (liquid, gases)
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• Transverse wave – the sound wave that travels in solids.
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The Doppler Effect
• named after a scientist, Christian Doppler.