nature world war 1 issue
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
1/116
SAFEin the twenty-rst century, it is easy to look backat the terrible events of 1914-1918 and wonder how the
world turned upon itself with such ferocity. Despite a cen-tury of continued conict since, the images of that GreatWar remain branded onto the collective consciousness the trenches, the barbed wire, the gas masks, the mud, the
human misery, the slaughter on industrial scale.The First World War was more than a clash of armies.It was a ght for supremacy in Europe and a battle to har-ness the emerging application of science and technology.For the rst time, new machines gave the bulk of the ad-
vantages not to the attackers on a battleeld but to thedefenders. Science then sought even more terrible weap-ons as a way to break such stalemate -- an eort that cli-maxed with re and fury in the summer of 1945.
To mark a century since the outbreak of the FirstWorld War,Naturepresents this special collection of his-torical articles published in the journal from September
1914, in the wars earliest months, to November 1918. Thearticles are unedited and the pages appear here as theywould have done to readers then.
From the thousands of pieces we published during thattime, our editors have selected a few dozen. The mix issimilar to the magazine section ofNaturetoday: there areeditorials, news reports, correspondence from readersand book reviews. Most of those we selected are directlyrelevant to the war, but not all. Some describe Naturestake on what we now consider history: the epic Antarc-tic adventures of British explorer Ernest Shackleton, forinstance, and a summary of something called gravitation
and the principle of relativity presented the year beforeby Prof.A. Einstein.
Other articles are included to give a avour of academiclife at the time, and there it is surprising (or not) how littlethings seem to have changed. There are squabbles aboutrival departments advertising for sta while many suitablecandidates are away at the front line, grumbles about lackof resources (only poor-quality rubber was available forhigh-altitude research balloons, so many burst) and a snif-fy response to suggestions that scientic societies canceltheir meetings, lest it give the appearance of cowardice.
A word of warning:Natureat the time was very much aBritish journal and Britain was still very much an imperialpower. Coupled with a deliberate wartime anti-Germansentiment, some of the opinions and terms included willseem rather, well, not in keeping with todays enlightenedattitudes to the international nature of science and re-search. Apologies to anyone oended, but well, there
was a war on.Perhaps most pertinent are the articles that demon-
strate directly how central science was to the war eort.After Allied troops were gassed for the rst time at Ypres,a Natureanalysis pinpointed chlorine as a likely culprit; a
reader suggests a method to allow ships to signal in secret;possible therapies for the new problem of shell-shock arediscussed.
The articles are presented in chronological order andbookended with striking editorials. The rst, from Sep-tember 1914, points out that Germanys industrial abilityto wage war far exceeded Britains and that Britain had torestructure its eorts broadly based on science. The nalpiece, published just days after the Armistice in November1918, presciently warned the public that morals and ethicsmust advance in line with scientic knowledge -- for it ispossible to conceive of a time when the forces at mans dis-
posal will be so strong that a hostile army or an enemys citymay be destroyed almost at the touch of a button.
JULY 2014.
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S1
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
2/116
INDEX.
S4 The war and after
September 10, 1914
S6 Scientic societies and the warOctober 22, 1914
S7 The sea sheries and the warOctober 22, 1914
S9 Scientic work and the warNovember 5, 1914
S10 The care of the woundedNovember 5, 1914
S11 Wireless signalling for shipping in wartime
November 12, 1914
S12 Eects of the war on scienticundertakingsDecember 10, 1914
S14 The war
January 14, 1915
S16 Eugenics and warFebruary 18, 1915
S18 Meteorology and the warMarch 4, 1915
S19 Home forestry and the war
April 15, 1915
S21 The use of asphyxiants in warfareApril 29, 1915
S22 Insect pests and warMay 6, 1915
S24 Germany and the munitions of warJune 3, 1915
S26 Poisonous gases in warfare and theirantidotesJune 10, 1915
S29 University appointments in war timeJune 17, 1915
S30 Science and munitions of warJuly 22, 1915
S33 The surgery of the warJuly 22, 1915
S35 The war and chemical industryJuly 29, 1915
S38 The visibility of distant objects inwarfare
September 30, 1915
S40 Science in the war and after the war
October 14, 1915
S46 The universities and war economy
October 28, 1915S49 Modern bullets in war and sport
October 28, 1915
S50 Oiland fats as war suppliesDecember 9, 1915
S52 War economy and agriculturaleducationJanuary 13, 1916
S53 Chemical organisation in Germanyduring the war
March 23, 1916S55 The Shackleton Antarctic expedition
March 30, 1916
S56 Our bookshelf: Instincts of the herd inpeace and warApril 0, 1916
S58 Foreign war-planesApril 27, 1916
S59 Avoiding ZeppelinsMay 11, 1916
S60 Daylight and darknessMay 11, 1916
S2 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
3/116
INDEX.
S62 The relief of the Shackleton AntarcticexpeditionMay 18, 1916
S65 Sir Ernest Shackletons AntarcticexpeditionJune 8, 1916
S68 Forecast by Mr. WellsAugust 10, 1916
S69 Eyesight and the warAugust 31, 1916
S71 Our bookshelf: Bacons war mapsOctober 12, 1916
S72 Our bookshelf: Economics in the light of
war
November 16, 1916
S73 Meteorology in warNovember 16, 1916
S75 Letters to the editor: War organisationNovember 23, 1916
S76 Our bookshelf: The drink problems ofto-day in its medico-sociological aspectsNovember 30, 1916
S77 Gravitation and the principle of
relativityDecember 28, 1916
S80 The septic problem in arMarch 15, 1917
S83 Our astronomical columnMarch 15, 1917
S84 Sir A. R. BinnieMay 31, 1917
S86 The classical system of educationJuly 5, 1917
S88 War breadJuly 26, 1917
S89 The regeneration of the Britishscientic instrument trade after the warAugust 16, 1917
S90 The British synthetic colour industry inwar time
August 16, 1917
S91 The psychopathy of the barbed wireSeptember 6, 1917
S94 Shell-shock and its lessonsSeptember 27, 1917
S97 Letters to the editor: Whale-meat in wartime
March 14, 1918
S98 Sulphuric acid and the warApril 11, 1918
S100War-time research in the United StatesApril 25, 1918
S102Letters to the editor: Recovery ofspeech through excitementMay 9, 1918
S103After the warJune 6, 1918
S105Weather inuences on operations of warAugust 29, 1918
S107Biology and warSeptember 19, 1918
S108German industry and the warOctober 3, 1918
S111The war and psychologyOctober 3, 1918
S113Food and health: Cookery under rationsOctober 10, 1918
S115War and peaceNovember 14, 1918
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S3
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
4/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupS4 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
5/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S5
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
6/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupS6 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
7/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S7
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
8/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupS8 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
9/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S9
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
10/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupS10 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
11/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S11
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
12/116
1914 Nature Publishing GroupS12 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
13/116
1914 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S13
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
14/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS14 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
15/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S15
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
16/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS16 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
17/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S17
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
18/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS18 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
19/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S19
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
20/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS20 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
21/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S21
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
22/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS22 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
23/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S23
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
24/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS24 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
25/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S25
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
26/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS26 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
27/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S27
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
28/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS28 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
29/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S29
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
30/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS30 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
31/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S31
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
32/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS32 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
33/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S33
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
34/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS34 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
35/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S35
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
36/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
37/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
38/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
S38 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
39/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S39
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
40/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
S40 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
41/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S41
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
42/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
S42 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
43/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
44/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
S44 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
45/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
46/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS46 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
47/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
48/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
49/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S49
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
50/116
1915 Nature Publishing GroupS50 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
51/116
1915 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S51
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
52/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS52 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
53/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S53
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
54/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
55/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S55
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
56/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
57/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S57
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
58/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS58 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
59/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S59
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
60/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
61/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
62/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS62 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
63/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
64/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
65/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S65
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
66/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS66 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
67/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S67
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
68/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS68 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
69/116
1916 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S69
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
70/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS70 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
71/116
1916 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S71
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
72/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
73/116
1916 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S73
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
74/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
75/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
76/116
1916 Nature Publishing GroupS76 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
77/116
1916 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S77
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
78/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
79/116
1916 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S79
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
80/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
S80 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
81/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S81
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
82/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
S82 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
83/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S83
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
84/116
1917 Nature Publishing GroupS84 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
85/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S85
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
86/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
S86 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
87/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S87
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
88/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
S88 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
89/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S89
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
90/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
S90 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
91/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
92/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
S92 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
93/116
1917 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S93
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
94/116
1917 Nature Publishing GroupS94 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
95/116
1917 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S95
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
96/116
1917 Nature Publishing GroupS96 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
97/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S97
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
98/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
99/116
1918 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S99
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
100/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupS100 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
101/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S101
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
102/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
103/116
1918 Nature Publishing Group WWI SPECIAL NATURE S103
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
104/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupS104 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
105/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S105
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
106/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
107/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
108/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupS108 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
109/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S109
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
110/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupS110 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
111/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupWWI SPECIAL NATURE S111
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
112/116
1918 Nature Publishing GroupS112 NATURE WWI SPECIAL
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
113/116
1918 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S113
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
114/116
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
115/116
1918 Nature Publishing Group
WWI SPECIAL NATURE S115
-
8/11/2019 Nature World War 1 Issue
116/116