Centre for Naval Architecture

Naval Architecture

Overview of the naval architecture educations at KTH

Stockholm, May 2013

Note that the content in this brochure is under constant development and might be subject to changes.

For latest update please see www.msy.se.

Naval Architecture

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Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Bachelor Thesis ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Master Program ....................................................................................................................................... 5

Outline ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Intended learning outcomes ................................................................................................................ 5 Admission Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 5 The Core .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Track: Lightweight Structures ............................................................................................................. 7 Track: Fluid Mechanics ....................................................................................................................... 7 Track: Sound & Vibration.................................................................................................................... 8 Track: Sustainable Development ....................................................................................................... 8 Track: Management ............................................................................................................................ 9 Additional Courses ............................................................................................................................ 10 Master Thesis .................................................................................................................................... 10

Employment market ............................................................................................................................... 11 Words from graduated students ............................................................................................................ 12

Visit our site www.msy.se or contact us at any time for more information!

Jakob Kuttenkeuler Anders Rosén Karl Garme Ivan Stenius

jakob@kth.se aro@kth.se garme@kth.se stenius@kth.se

+46(0)70-346 4240 +46(0)70-258 0210 +46(0)70-397 1717 +46(0)70-288 82 63

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Introduction

Oceans, lakes and rivers are invaluable resources, for example for production and harvesting of food

or as good grounds for recreation and sports. In our global society the oceans are also very important

trading routes, where large ships enable transportation of people and cargo with very high energy

efficiency. Sweden can in fact practically be seen as an island where more than 90% of our trade goes

over the seas. Looking at Europe, around 75% of the extra-EU and 40% of the intra-EU freight

transport is by sea, and similar figures are found for the rest of the world. Hence, our welfare and

economy is completely depending on shipping and marine technology. The primary challenge for the

future is to reach a sustainable society and sustainable transport systems. In the maritime sector this

for example involves further increase of the energy efficiency through new ship designs, new

propulsion systems, and application of new lighter structural materials, but also improved

management and logistics which considers the complete transport chain. Other challenges are for

example to develop techniques for conversion of the energy in the ocean waves and currents for

human needs. The objective of the Naval Architecture education at KTH is to educate modern creative

engineers who are capable to meet these challenges and contribute in developing the society in a

sound and sustainable direction.

The ocean waves offers good conditions for sport, recreation and wave

energy conversion, but can also create harsh environments which need to be

modelled by the naval architect in the analysis of ship safety and performance.

Naval architecture is a multi-disciplinary engineering subject with a strong emphasis on systems

engineering. A naval architect needs knowledge about the complete processes of conception, design,

implementation and operation of boats, ships and marine installations. In addition a naval architect

needs deep understanding of structural and fluid mechanics and related topics, for example modelling

and analysis of water waves, sea loads, ship manoeuvring, ship propulsion, and hull structural design.

The multi-disciplinary character of the subject, and the structure and curriculum of the naval

architecture education at KTH, make the education relevant for careers in the maritime sector as well

as in other fields.

As a student at KTH you have various opportunities for studying Naval Architecture and becoming a

Naval Architect. In the final semester of your third year of studies you can for example take the

bachelor thesis course with specialization in Naval Architecture (Marina system). As a student at the

master level (the fourth and fifth years of the civilingenjör studies) you can either chose to take single

naval architecture related courses, or follow the complete Master of Science program in Naval

Architecture. Many students take the combination of the bachelor thesis course and the master

program. The master program also gives you the opportunity to specialize in other subjects such as

lightweight structures, fluid mechanics, or management.

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Bachelor

Thesis

The Bachelor thesis course is a leap into initial ship design. At the same time it is an introduction to

the field of Naval Architecture and an opportunity to test your engineering skills digging deeper into a

specific topic that you find particularly interesting. The course is relevant to most engineering

specialization and it is of course the natural choice for students planning for a career in marine

technology and perfect for students heading for the Master of Science program in Naval Architecture.

The students learn fundamental Naval Architecture and practical engineering skills working with:

Worldwide seaborne transportation

Initial ship design

Propeller mechanics

An individually chosen focus task

Oral presentations

Report writing

The course includes contact with professional Naval Architects and the marine technology industry

through lectures, feed-back discussion with invited professionals and visits to relevant industry.

In the first part of the course the student design a ship for solving a particular transportation scenario.

For instance to: transport 1 million tons of wheat from Huston to Yokohama or 5000 tons of Kiwi from

New Zeeland to ports in the Baltic. Several aspects; technological, economical, geographical and

environmental as well as laws and regulations have to be accounted for. Each student choose from

around 20 different scenarios (see course program) and presents their results in terms of route and

speed, main particulars, general arrangement, power and resistance curve, stability in accordance to

international rules and a propeller arrangement.

The second part of the course is the Individual focus task. Here there are no mandatory deliverables.

The student chooses a subject and defines a project in agreement with the teachers. The nominal

workload is 4-5 weeks full-time. Previously, students have studied a variety of topics for example:

Vessel Icing, Wake Wash, Alternative Propulsion, Wind Assisted Cargo Ships, Damage stability,

Resistance of a Single Sculler (rowing boat), Modelling of Ship Hydrostatics and Stability, and

Propeller Induced Vibrations.

The course is offered during the spring term, period 3-4. Download the course program from the last

time the course was offered (in Swedish) and you will have the course in detail.

Contact your study program to apply for the Bachelor thesis course. The course is also offered as an

optional course and has in that case the course code SD1710.

For further information or questions, please contact: Karl Garme; garme@kth.se; +46 703 97 17 17.

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Master

Program

Outline

The Core of the Master of Science program in Naval Architecture consists of a set of naval

architecture specific courses (approx. 40 credits). In addition each student in the program should

choose a specific Track for specialization (approx. 20 credits). There are five different tracks to choose

from: Lightweight structures, Fluid mechanics, Sound & vibration, Management and Sustainable

development. There is also room for around 30 credits of additional optional courses. As a student in

the program you hence have good opportunities for setting an individual profile on your education. The

program is finalized with a 30 credit individual degree project, which you can choose to do either in

naval architecture or within the field of the chosen track.

Core(Naval architecture specific courses)

Track(Choose one out of five tracks for specialization)

Additional optional courses(Give your education an individual profile)

Year 1 Year 2

Master thesis

project

Intended learning outcomes

In short, engineers graduating from the Master of Science program in Naval Architecture at KTH will:

have confidence in engineering fundamentals and good theoretical knowledge and skills in

modelling and analysis,

possess a systems perspective on engineering, and be able to conceive, design and implement

ships, boats, and other complex value-added systems, based on operational demands, in modern

team-based environments,

be aware of the general professional conditions in the industry,

be familiar with the needs and conditions for sustainable development,

have good individual and group interaction abilities, such as teamwork, leadership, and

communication skills,

be employable as Naval Architects and in other fields of engineering in Sweden and

internationally.

Admission Requirements Bachelor's degree in vehicle engineering, mechanical engineering or similar is required.

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The Core

The Core is the set of naval architecture specific courses fulfilling the principal demands and

expectations on a modern naval architecture education regarding ship design, hydrostatics and

stability, propulsion, manoeuvring, seakeeping, and hull structural design. The courses Initial Ship

Design, Hull Structural Design and Marine Dynamics are closely interrelated. Here each student work

with conceiving and designing one particular merchant ship in relation to operational demands

formulated by invited shipping companies. Industry is also involved as reviewers and in guest lectures.

The courses include experimental work in model scale as well as in full scale on-board ships. A yearly

visit to a major shipyard in Sweden or elsewhere is also in the schedule. The core courses also

provide a framework for the practice of systems engineering upon which to build deeper

understanding and skills in the track courses. The compulsory courses are:

SD2710 Initial ship design(*

) 8.0 cr

SD2707 Marine innovation 5.0 cr

SD2411 Lightweight structures 8.0 cr

SD2704 Hull structural design 6.0 cr

SD2703 Marine dynamics 8.0 cr

AK2036 Theory of science 7.5 cr (*)

Not needed for students who have done a bachelor thesis in Naval architecture at KTH.

Additional optional naval architecture course are listed on page 10.

Kaimaran, Infernus and Evolo – novel marine craft conceived, designed, implemented and operated by students

in the Master of Science program in Naval Architecture at KTH. See more about these projects at msy.se.

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Track:

Lightweight

Structures

Marine vessels are in general lightweight structures built as stiffened shells in hierarchical

arrangement. The dominating material in shipbuilding are still steel and aluminium but it is likely that

the use of composite materials will increase, for example to decrease weight and thereby increase the

ships energy efficiency. Internationally leading research is conducted at KTH Lightweight Structures

which has supported the Swedish industry to apply fibre reinforced composite and sandwich material

concepts in large vessels. A significant example is the 70 metre all carbon fibre Visby class corvette.

Other significant applications for composite materials are in sailing boats, racing yachts and pleasure

boats. In the Lightweight Structures track students studying naval architecture at KTH have the

opportunity to combine fundamental principles of naval architecture with knowledge about modern

materials and related design principles and manufacturing methods and applications also in other

fields. The compulsory courses in this track are:

SD2413 Fibre composites - analysis and design 6.0 cr

SD2414 Fibre composites – materials and manufacturing 6.0 cr

SD2416 Structural optimization & sandwich design 6.0 cr

Contact person for the profile Lightweight Structures is Dan Zenkert, danz@kth.se, 08-7906435.

Track:

Fluid Mechanics

Since ships and other marine technical systems operate in water a good understanding of fluid

mechanics is crucial for any naval architect when studying seakeeping, propulsion, manoeuvring, and

sailing mechanics. The Fluid Mechanics track is intended to give fundamental understanding as well

as working skills in uncompressible fluid mechanics which is the basis for the flow around ships, boats

and marine installations. In the courses, the governing set of partial differential equations, the Navier-

Stokes equations, are derived, dissected, simplified and solved. The characteristics of boundary layers

are investigated. The track also includes modules concerning modern computational tools for solving

for the flow patterns in more complex situations. The fundamental mathematical principles of

computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are covered as well as hands-on projects where modelling and

solving of real problems are done. The compulsory courses in this track are:

SG2214 Fluid mechanics 7.5 cr

SG2212 Computational fluid mechanics 7.5 cr

SG2224 Applied computational fluid mechanics 5.0 cr

Contact person for the Fluid Mechanics track is Erik Lindborg, erikl@mech.kth.se, 08-7906801.

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Track:

Sound & Vibration

Issues related to sound and vibrations are numerous in ship design. For example in passenger ships,

both acoustic and vibration criteria are increasingly important as demands for comfort increases.

There are many sources of vibration in ships. The primary sources are the engine and fluctuating

pressure pulses and cavitation from the propeller which hits the hull. Many other systems and

appliances also cause sound and vibration such as ventilation installations, external waves hitting the

ship and various pumps. The Sound & Vibration track treats the topic from many aspects ranging from

analytical understanding of the phenomena, numerical methods of modelling and solving complex

dynamic problems as well as experimental investigations by modal analysis. An engineer with this

track will be able to work with both details regarding generation as well as propagation and reduction

of sound and vibration in complex structures. The compulsory courses in this track are:

SD2130 Signal analysis(*

) 8.0 cr

SD2150 Experimental structural dynamics 9.0 cr

SD2175 Numerical methods for acoustics & vibration 9.0 cr (

*) For some students this course or similar is already included in the bachelor level,

e.g. SD2125 for T-students at KTH.

Contact person for the Sound & Vibration track is Hans Bodén, hansbod@kth.se, 08-7904962.

Track:

Sustainable

Development

Shipping is, and will continue to be, one very important driving force in the development of most parts

of the world and will therefore also be a part of development of new technologies to reach a

sustainable global usage of the limited resources of the earth. The Sustainable Development track is

based on the concept of Industrial Ecology with focus on the understanding of interactions between

technical, economical, social and ecological systems and processes, a very important aspect for the

shipping, on global, national and company level. The track will lead to understanding of the concepts

of sustainable development from an environmental, social and economical viewpoint, as well as of the

ecological prerequisites. The track studies will include strategies for sustainable development and the

role of technology, ecosystems’ long-term sustainability, material and energy flows within industry and

society, tools and methods to work with sustainable development in industry and society with an

emphasis on systems analysis methods. The compulsory courses in this track are:

MJ2663 Environmental Management 6.0 cr

MJ2691 Technology and Sustainable Development 6.0 cr

MJ2664 Environmental Management II 6.0 cr

Contact person for the Sustainable Development track is Nils Brandt, nilsb@kth.se, 08-7908059.

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Track:

Management

As an engineer in the naval architecture field, your work will not only include purely technical activities.

It is also important to understand the way businesses are made and the way the industry changes.

Managerial issues will almost always be intertwined with the technical tasks that you have to face. In

the Management track, you will learn how to deal with the interface between marine technology,

shipping, management, and industry development. This track focuses on the problems in industries of

this kind, how the companies produce different types of products and services that are important in the

field, and how this type of companies, often project-based and cooperating with suppliers and

customers, can be managed. The track aims at providing in-depth knowledge of the financial,

organizational and management aspects of a company in the maritime field. Emphasis is on the ability

to manage and control projects in these contexts, the connection between business strategy and

management, and the risks and opportunities associated with globalization with respect to the

industry. It gives a good foundation for an employment as a manager for companies and projects

within the industry as well as a general knowledge about these roles in other types of industries. It also

prepares for starting and managing a smaller company in the field, such as a Naval Architecture

consulting firm. The compulsory courses in this track are:

ME1003 Industrial management 6.0 cr

EH2010 Management of technology 7.5 cr

ME2053 Logistics and supply chain management(*

) 6.0 cr

ME2054 Purchasing and supply chain management(*

) 6.0 cr

(*

) You need to choose one of these courses.

Contact person for the Management track is Lars Uppvall, lars.uppvall@indek.kth.se, 08-7909460.

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Additional Courses

In addition to the courses in the Core and the chosen Track each student should select additional

courses to complete the 90 credit course part of the program. Additional courses could be chosen,

either related to the chosen track, or from any of the other tracks listed above, or from elsewhere.

Here is a list of some nice courses which might interest you. Note that prerequisites on course level do

apply.

SD2702 Naval design 20 cr

SD2706 Sailing for performance 6.0 cr

SD3705 High speed craft 6.0 cr

SU-49064 Oceanography(*

) 7.5 cr

SU-49065 Meteorology(*

) 7.5 cr

SD2415 Process modelling for polymer composites 6.0 cr

SD2420 Advanced design of welded structures 6.0 cr

SG2218 Turbulence 7.5 cr

SG2211 Vehicle aerodynamics 6.0 cr

SD2155 Flow acoustics 6.0 cr

SD2140 Vibro acoustics 8.0 cr

ME2800 Ideation - creating a business idea 7.5 cr

ME2034 Management of new technology and industrial creativity 6.0 cr

MJ2680 Environmental systems analysis 6.0 cr

MJ2693 Sustainable development in theory and practice 6.0 cr

SE2119 Finite element method, project course 3.0 cr

SE2123 Testing techniques in solid mechanics 6.0 cr

SE2125 Solid mechanics modelling for design 9.0 cr

MF2015 Internal combustion engineering 6.0 cr

MF2016 Combustion engines 9.0 cr (*)

At Stockholm University, not available to foreign students.

Master Thesis

The master program is finalized with an independent study in the form of a thesis project

corresponding to 30 credits. To begin the thesis project, a student must have completed at least 60

credits of the total course work in the program, including at least two of the three compulsory courses

in the chosen track. The purpose of the thesis project is that the student should demonstrate the ability

to perform independent project work, using and developing the knowledge and skills obtained from the

courses in the program. The thesis project can either be performed at a university or, more commonly,

at a company in the naval architecture sector or in the sector of the chosen track with suitable

infrastructure to provide sufficient supervision and resources for the project. The student must actively

search for a suitable thesis project in industry, while KTH will provide some assistance with

information on suitable points of contact. Exchange students are recommended to find a thesis project

in their country of permanent residence or in the country where they intend to start their professional

careers.

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Employment market

Yes, agreed, Sweden is no longer world leader when it comes to the building of large tanker ships as

we used to be in the 1970ies. As in many industrial areas, labour intense production has to a large

extent been taken over by Asian countries such as Korea and China. However, when it comes to

innovation, technical development, ship design, ship operation, and building of high-technology ships,

Sweden is today leading in a number of fields.

The shipping companies Wallenius and Stena are for example forerunners concerning

environmentally friendly technologies and novel ship design for sustainable shipping. Kockums

represent state-of-the-art in development and building of submarines and advanced ships built in

composites and sandwich materials, such as the Visby class corvette. In addition to the Kockums yard

Sweden also has a large number of small yards which develop and build high quality patrol vessels,

race yachts and pleasure boats, for example Marstroms, Docksta, Nimbus and Anytech. Rolls-Royce

has a significant branch in Sweden with a leading position in design, development, supply and support

of ship propulsion systems. SSPA provides efficient maritime solutions in areas such as concept

development and engineering, hydrodynamic design and maritime operation, and runs a large scale

facility for ship related experiments of international standard. GVA and Bassoe Technology are leading

in designing semi-submersibles and other mobile offshore units. Along with these companies is a large

number of other shipping companies like for example NYKCool, Rederi AB Gotland and Österströms;

marine systems and component developers like Alfa Laval, Scania and Seaware; marine consultants

like Saltech and FKAB; and authorities such as the Swedish Coast Guard, the Swedish Navy, the

Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, the Swedish Transport Agency, and the Swedish Maritime

Administration. These companies and authorities have a continuous need for recruitment of new high

quality naval architects to be able to meet the challenges concerning international competition,

international legislative flag and port state responsibilities, national and international safety and

security, and the urgent need to reach a future of sustainable transport systems.

Naval architecture is an internationally well-established field of engineering and the employment

market is therefore global. Several KTH students every year for example get employment at the

classification society DNV in Norway. Norway also has a significant offshore industry. Other significant

markets are in Denmark, Finland, UK, Germany, Italy and the large ship building nations in Asia. The

multi-disciplinary character of the subject and the curriculum of the Master of Science program in

Naval Architecture at KTH further make the education relevant for employment also in fields outside

the maritime sector, for example in industries such as ABB and Volvo, and consultant companies such

as Epsilon, Semcon, ÅF and Lutab.

Examples of products and facilities of potential employers: Wave power plants developed by the Uppsala company Seabased; the Swedish Americas Cup racing yachts Orm and Örn; different kinds of submarines are develop and build by Kockums; giant cranes at a large ship yard in Japan where KTH students have performed their master thesis projects. The photos on the front page of this brochure give examples of products of other potential Swedish employers.

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Words from graduated students

Sara Hedberg, graduated 2007

Jag började på Marina System 2005. Valet av inriktning växte fram dels

på grund av segelintresset från sjöscouterna samt att inriktningen

utmärkte sig genom sina engagerade lärare och intressanta

verklighetsanknutna kurser som Marindesign. Efter att ha börjat

inriktningen insåg jag snart att Skeppsällskapet, studenternas egna ideella

förening, åker till NTHS-kongressen varje år vilket är ett unikt tillfälle att

träffa nordiska företag inom skeppsbyggarbranschen samt nordiska

kollegor. Skeppsingenjörer har hela världen som arbetsmarknad vilket jag

drog nytta av då jag under hösten 2006 fick göra mitt examensarbete på

ubåtsföretaget ASC i Adelaide i Australien. När jag reste tillbaka hem

landade jag i Stockholm en fredag, på måndagen hade jag en

jobbintervju, och en vecka senare hade jag ett jobb på företaget Saltech!

Brita Melén Eriksson, graduated 2006

I dag arbetar jag med performance-analys och andra tekniska och

beräkningsmässiga uppgifter på NYKCool, ett shippingföretag

specialiserat inom långväga kyltransporter. En av arbets-uppgifterna

är att kontrollera hur bränsleeffektiv en bananbåt är. Innan jag

började på KTH jobbade jag som fartygsingenjör (maskinist) på

svenska handelsfartyg och jag är sjöingenjör med examen från

sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar. Jag valde att läsa vidare på

farkostteknik, fördjupning Marina system, för att kunna arbeta med

teknik och sjöfart på ett annat sätt än tidigare. Det är exakt vad jag

får göra nu! I mitt dagliga arbete måste jag använda både min praktiska erfarenhet från fartygen jag

jobbat på och de ingenjörsmässiga kunskaper jag har med mig från KTH. Jag gjorde mitt

examensarbete, ”Trends in Overseas Transport System for Refrigerated Cargoes and Reefer Ship

Concept Study”, hos NYKCool och den kontakten ledde vidare till anställning. Marina system är en

rolig fördjupning, speciellt kursen Marindesign som är lärorik inom många områden.

Fredrik Stig, graduated 2006

Jag läste Marina System med inriktning både mot lättkonstruktioner och

strömningsmekanik. Exjobbet gjorde jag tillsammans med en kursare på

Försvarets Materielverk, FMV. Det behandlade design och dimensionering

av nya pontoner och chockisolatorer till Marinens självgående minsvep

SAM. Efter examen har jag börjat doktorera på KTH. Doktorandprojektet,

som är ett EU-projekt, behandlar fiberkompositer vävda med en ny metod

som ger en tredimensionell väv. Något som jag uppskattar med

utbildningen är att den kombinerar den teoretiska utbildningen med

praktiskt arbete i kursen Marindesign. Det är mycket lärorikt att inse att världen kanske inte är så enkel

som den ibland beskrivs på KTH. Något som jag inte kommer att glömma är provseglingarna av vår

segelbåt i designkursen på Dalarö i snöoväder med tillhörande picknick.

Naval Architecture

13

Johan Breder, graduated 2005

Jag läste Marina system helt på grund av mitt intresse för båtar. På

inriktningen fick jag lära mig användbara verktyg för att designa båtar

både vad gäller hydromekanik, stabilitet, struktur och material. Jag valde

att läsa kurser i både fiberkomposit och strömningsmekanik. Exjobbet

gjorde jag på ett lab i Nya Zeeland och det handlade om slamming-laster

hos snabba fartyg. Exjobbet var väldigt bra eftersom det speglade mina

andra kurser. Nu jobbar jag på Marström Composite i Västervik med att

konstruera segelbåtsmaster i kolfiber. Jag är jättenöjd med inriktningen

och minns med glädje projektet Infernus i designkursen!

Sanja Dedovic, graduated 2005

Efter att jag hade läst grundkurser i bl.a. matematik, mekanik och

hållfasthetslära var det dags att välja fördjupning, och det var Marina

system som var mest lockande. Jag började läsa Marindesign och

Marindynamik och helt plötsligt öppnade sig en helt ny värld för mig:

hållfasthetslära används inte bara för balkar, Fouriertransformer, tro det

eller ej, har en koppling till verkligheten och man kan faktiskt lösa verkliga

problem om man först ställer upp rörelseekvationer. Dessutom var det

väldigt fängslande eftersom det var fartyg, havsvågor och samspelet mellan

dem som allting handlade om. Jag gjorde x-jobbet vid avdelningen Marina system på KTH. Det

handlade om utveckling av en vågboj som används för att mäta bl.a. våghöjder. X-jobbet hade en del

jobbiga stunder, men var den största delen hur kul som helst: tänk dig hur det är att först sitta på

kontoret och fundera på hur man kan mäta vågor med vågbojen, sedan åka ut på sjön i en båt för att

testa den och njuta av solen, och till sist utvärdera mätdata och att upptäcka att vågbojen som man

har jobbat med faktiskt fungerar! Sedan var det dags att söka jobb. Efter några månader fick jag jobb

som fartygsinspektör på Sjöfartsverket och jag är glad och lycklig över att jag har läst Marina system!

Robert Hjulbäck, graduated 2004

När grundblocket äntligen var över och jag fick börja läsa de kurser som jag

var intresserad av blev KTH faktiskt ganska kul. Jag har seglat sedan

barnsben och jobbade även på yachter under några år innan studierna på

KTH så för mig var det givet att jag skulle läsa Marina System. Det fanns

möjlighet att välja en hel del egna kurser och det utnyttjade jag till att läsa

strömnings- och flygkurser, något som kompletterade de obligatoriska

kurserna bra. Kursen Marindesign handlade om att tillverka subskimmern

Infernus, en sorts planande U-båt. Temat samt möjligheten att påverka

både kursens innehåll och slutmål gjorde att jag tyckte kursen var

höjdpunkten i studierna. En fördel med kursen är att samarbete i grupp är

ett måste, något som är väldigt nyttigt och lärorikt. Mitt X-jobb, på ett företag i Vaxholm, var i praktiken

en fortsättning på designkursen och bestod i att ta fram en konceptuell design för en större

subskimmer. Efter X-jobbet blev jag erbjuden att fortsätta på detta företag på halvtid. Den andra

halvtiden blev en projektanställning på SSPA. I backspegeln så är det ganska tydligt att anställningar,

examensarbete och givetvis en hel del lärdomar från kurserna inte hade varit möjliga utan det enorma

engagemang och stöd som gänget på Marina System ger!