Navigation Acts 1650-1673Navigation Acts 1650-1673

Restricted colonial trade, Restricted colonial trade, manufacturing and shipping manufacturing and shipping to other countries to other countries

Colonists smuggle and Colonists smuggle and disregard Actsdisregard Acts

Salutary Neglect: Britain Salutary Neglect: Britain has allowed the colonies to has allowed the colonies to prosper under their prosper under their protection with little or no protection with little or no controlcontrol

The Proclamation Line of 1763The Proclamation Line of 1763 Colonist felt that England was Colonist felt that England was

attempting to control themattempting to control them England wants to avoid England wants to avoid

Indian troubleIndian trouble Colonies were angered over Colonies were angered over

idea that they must pay for idea that they must pay for cost of war and British troops cost of war and British troops now and some colonist now and some colonist disregarded the proclamation disregarded the proclamation and settled the land.and settled the land.

Sugar Act 1764Sugar Act 1764

Tax placed on sugar and Tax placed on sugar and molasses because molasses because colonists are British colonists are British subjectssubjects

Colonist responded with Colonist responded with written protests, written protests, occasional boycotts, and occasional boycotts, and cries of “No taxation cries of “No taxation without representation!”without representation!”

Quartering Act 1765Quartering Act 1765 Required colonies to Required colonies to

provide British troops provide British troops with quarters and with quarters and suppliessupplies

Colonial assemblies Colonial assemblies vote to refuse to supply vote to refuse to supply British soldiers. Most British soldiers. Most colonial legislatures colonial legislatures refused to pay for the refused to pay for the supplies as required by supplies as required by the Quartering Actthe Quartering Act

Stamp Act 1765Stamp Act 1765

Any item that was made Any item that was made of paper required a of paper required a stamped tax payment to stamped tax payment to be madebe made

Colonists protested Colonists protested violently. The Stamp violently. The Stamp Act Congress met and a Act Congress met and a boycott of British goods boycott of British goods began.began.

Declaratory Act (1766)Declaratory Act (1766) England repealed the Stamp Act in the England repealed the Stamp Act in the

face of colonial protest. To reassert its face of colonial protest. To reassert its authority over the colonies, it passed the authority over the colonies, it passed the Declaratory Act – a statement of Declaratory Act – a statement of England’s right to rule the colonies in any England’s right to rule the colonies in any way it saw fitway it saw fit

Colonist were please with the repeal of Colonist were please with the repeal of the Stamp Act, but continued to protest the Stamp Act, but continued to protest British-imposed laws like the Quartering British-imposed laws like the Quartering ActAct

Townshend Acts 1767Townshend Acts 1767 Tax on glass, lead, paper, Tax on glass, lead, paper,

paint and teapaint and tea Colonist smuggle goods, Colonist smuggle goods,

boycott British goods, boycott British goods, and fight with British and fight with British troops. “Letters from a troops. “Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania,” farmer in Pennsylvania,” a widely read series of a widely read series of letters protesting the act, letters protesting the act, were published in nine were published in nine colonial newspapers. colonial newspapers.

The Boston Massacreaka

The Killing in Kings Street

What Happened

• On March 5, 1770, a crowd of sixty towns people began pelting snowballs at British guards.

• A shot rang out, and ultimately, 11 colonists were hit and five were dead.

• Some argue Crispus Attuks-former slave was the first casualty in the Revolution

Paul Revere Engraving

John Bufords Engraving

Response

• Trial- John Adams defended British soldiers

• Found innocent

• Sons of Liberty stepped up their game

• More frustration

The Boston The Boston MassacreMassacre After Parliament repealed After Parliament repealed

the Townshend duties, the the Townshend duties, the first clash between British first clash between British and Americans took placeand Americans took place

On the night of March 5, On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys gathered to men and boys gathered to taunt British soldiers outside taunt British soldiers outside the Boston Customs Housethe Boston Customs House

When the crowd went as far When the crowd went as far as to throw sticks and as to throw sticks and snowballs at the redcoats, snowballs at the redcoats, the soldiers panicked and the soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five menopened fire, killing five men

The event quickly became The event quickly became known as the Boston known as the Boston MassacreMassacre

Tea Act 1773Tea Act 1773

Tax on tea, it is a Tax on tea, it is a plan to bail out East plan to bail out East India Tea company India Tea company through tax on teathrough tax on tea

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party and smuggling of teaand smuggling of tea

The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party In 1773 the British East India In 1773 the British East India

Company, facing bankruptcy, Company, facing bankruptcy, appealed to Parliament for appealed to Parliament for assistanceassistance

Parliament quickly voted to Parliament quickly voted to give them a monopoly for the give them a monopoly for the trade of tea in Americatrade of tea in America

Opposition groups mobilized Opposition groups mobilized against the plan and forcing against the plan and forcing ships to turn back at New ships to turn back at New York and Philadelphia York and Philadelphia harboursharbours

In Boston, Governor In Boston, Governor Hutchinson ordered that no Hutchinson ordered that no ship could leave harbour ship could leave harbour without being unloadedwithout being unloaded

Colonists on a signal from Colonists on a signal from Sam Adams disguised Sam Adams disguised themselves as Mohawks, themselves as Mohawks, boarded the ship and heaved boarded the ship and heaved 342 chests of tea into the 342 chests of tea into the harbourharbour

The Intolerable Acts (Coercive The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)Acts) The Boston Port Act - closed The Boston Port Act - closed

the port of Boston to tradethe port of Boston to trade The Massachusetts The Massachusetts

Government Act - revoked the Government Act - revoked the colony's charter and forbade colony's charter and forbade town meetingstown meetings

The “new” Quartering Act - The “new” Quartering Act - required the colonists to required the colonists to provide billets for British provide billets for British soldierssoldiers

Delegates from 12 colonies Delegates from 12 colonies met as the First Continental met as the First Continental Congress met and they agreed Congress met and they agreed to boycott British goods. They to boycott British goods. They also sent a petitiion to the also sent a petitiion to the king outlining their rights.king outlining their rights.

The Quebec Act - 1774The Quebec Act - 1774 It was passed at the same It was passed at the same

time and considered by time and considered by many as one of the many as one of the Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

It extended the Canadian It extended the Canadian province of Quebec south province of Quebec south to the Ohio Riverto the Ohio River

It also allowed French It also allowed French Canadians use of their own Canadians use of their own legal system which did not legal system which did not recognize trial by juryrecognize trial by jury

The colonists believed The The colonists believed The Quebec Act was designed Quebec Act was designed to keep American settlers to keep American settlers out of western lands out of western lands foreverforever

The First Continental The First Continental CongressCongress

56 delegates from 12 56 delegates from 12 colonies attended the colonies attended the first Continental first Continental Congress in Congress in Philadelphia in Philadelphia in September, 1774September, 1774

The Congress The Congress petitioned the King petitioned the King for relief from the for relief from the Intolerable Acts and Intolerable Acts and vowed to stop trade vowed to stop trade with Britain until the with Britain until the acts were repealedacts were repealed

Here come the Brits!Here come the Brits! Early on April 19, 1775, Early on April 19, 1775,

700 British soldiers were 700 British soldiers were secretly sent to destroy secretly sent to destroy the military supplies the the military supplies the colonists had collected at colonists had collected at ConcordConcord

After learning the soldierAfter learning the soldierss ’’ destination, the Sons of destination, the Sons of Liberty sent Paul Revere Liberty sent Paul Revere & William Dawes to warn & William Dawes to warn the the MinutemenMinutemen of of approaching British approaching British soldiers. soldiers.

Fighting between the Fighting between the Americans and the British Americans and the British broke out near Boston – a broke out near Boston – a city occupied in 1774 by city occupied in 1774 by the British army under the British army under General Thomas GageGeneral Thomas Gage

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord When the British soldiers When the British soldiers

reached Lexington, reached Lexington, Captain Jonas Parker and Captain Jonas Parker and 75 armed Minutemen were 75 armed Minutemen were there to meet them. there to meet them.

The Minutemen were The Minutemen were greatly outnumbered. The greatly outnumbered. The British soldiers fired, killing British soldiers fired, killing 8 Minutemen and injuring 8 Minutemen and injuring 10 others.10 others.

While the British soldiers While the British soldiers continued on their way to continued on their way to Concord, the men and Concord, the men and women of Concord were women of Concord were busy moving the arms and busy moving the arms and ammunition to new hiding ammunition to new hiding places in surrounding places in surrounding towns. towns.

The British Retreat to The British Retreat to BostonBoston

A large force of patriots A large force of patriots gathered in response to gathered in response to the British troops. the British troops.

As the British soldiers As the British soldiers headed back to Boston, headed back to Boston, they were attacked by they were attacked by the Minutemen. the Minutemen.

All along the route, All along the route, Minutemen, local Minutemen, local farmers and farmers and townspeople continued townspeople continued the attack against the the attack against the British. British.

By the time the soldiers By the time the soldiers reached Boston, 73 reached Boston, 73 British solders were British solders were dead and 174 more were dead and 174 more were wounded.wounded.

Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress

The The Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress was a body of was a body of representatives appointed representatives appointed by the legislatures of several by the legislatures of several British North American British North American colonies which met from May colonies which met from May 10, 1775, to March 1, 1781 10, 1775, to March 1, 1781

By the time the Second By the time the Second Continental Congress met, Continental Congress met, the American Revolutionary the American Revolutionary War had already started with War had already started with the Battles of Lexington and the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. Concord on April 19, 1775.

Thus, the Second Thus, the Second Continental Congress found Continental Congress found itself in the unenviable itself in the unenviable position of being the position of being the decision-making body of a decision-making body of a military alliance at war with military alliance at war with a far more powerful enemy. a far more powerful enemy.

Thomas Paine and Common Thomas Paine and Common SenseSense

In January 1776, In January 1776, Thomas Paine published Thomas Paine published Common SenseCommon Sense

He attacked the He attacked the strongest bond tying strongest bond tying tying America to Britain tying America to Britain – the King– the King

He pointed out the He pointed out the advantages of freedom advantages of freedom from British rule and from British rule and commercial restrictionscommercial restrictions

The book divided The book divided Americans into either Americans into either Patriots or LoyalistsPatriots or Loyalists

Independence!Independence!

Beginning in April of Beginning in April of 1776, the colonies 1776, the colonies advised their delegates advised their delegates to vote for to vote for independenceindependence

On June 7On June 7thth, Richard , Richard Henry Lee introduced a Henry Lee introduced a brief brief ““Resolution of Resolution of IndependenceIndependence””

On July 2On July 2ndnd, 1776, the , 1776, the Continental Congress Continental Congress adopted Leeadopted Lee’’s resolution s resolution ““that these united that these united colonies are, and of right colonies are, and of right ought to be free and ought to be free and independent states.independent states.””

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

The Official The Official Declaration of Declaration of Independence was Independence was agreed upon on July agreed upon on July 44thth, 1776, 1776

Its purpose was to Its purpose was to justify the Revolution, justify the Revolution, state that the colonies state that the colonies were independent and were independent and to express the nationto express the nation’’s s principlesprinciples

The rest is history!The rest is history!