nazi europe 1939-1940 poland and the fall of france apush world war ii 1937-1945
TRANSCRIPT
The Axis takes Shape• League of Nations attempts to solve
world problems– Japan & Germany withdraw, 1933– Italy withdraws, 1937
• Axis Powers form– Germany & Italy – + Japan– Other countries “neutralized” Axis Powers Co-belligerents Minor Participants Puppet States Collaborator States Controversial Cases
GermanyItalyJapanHungaryRomaniaSlovakiaBulgaria
FinlandIraqThailand
San Marino YugoslaviaIndiaManchukuoMengjiang (Inner Mongolia)Reorganized Natn’l Gov’t of China Philippines VietnamCambodiaLaosBurma
Croatia (I-G)Greece (I-G)Pindus (I-G)Macedonia (I-G)Slovakia (G)Serbia (G)Italy (G)Albania (G)Hungary (G)Macedonia (G)Montenegro (I)
Vichy France DenmarkNorwaySoviet Union SpainSwedenSwitzerland
The Allies take Shape• Allied Powers
– Britain & France join to help Poland
– GB & US alliance– 26 nations unite by 1942
• Agree to work under US leadership
North America C & S America Asia & Pacific Europe AfricaUnited StatesCanada
Costa RicaEl SalvadorCubaDominican RepublicGuatemalaHaitiHondurasNicaragua
ChinaAustraliaIndia
United KingdomUSSRBelgiumCzechoslovakiaGreeceLuxembourgNetherlandsNorwayPoland
South Africa
Axis Wartime Strategy• Germany: the 3rd Reich
– Form neutralizing alliances– Attack with the Blitzkrieg– + Establish “Festung Europa”
• Italy: Return of the Roman Empire– Attack Greece– Attack North Africa
• Japan: Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere– China (1895), Russia (1904-05)– Korea (1910), Manchuria (1931)– China (1937), Soviet Non-aggression Pact
(1941)– Pearl Harbor (1941), Island hopping (1942
onward)
Allied Wartime Strategy• Hope GB & the
USSR can hang on/defeat the Nazis– Neutrality– Cash & Carry– Destroyers for Bases– Lend-Lease
• Coordinate Efforts in Europe under US command
• Europe first, Asia second– Bombing Raids – Open a 2nd front– Sicily/Italy then
France
Turning Points & Major BattlesEurope• Battle for Britain,
1940• Stalingrad, 1942-
43• D-Day, 1944 Asia
• Pearl Harbor, 1941
• Midway, 1942
The Home Front• The Draft, 1940
• Wartime Economics– Tax increases– Wage & Price Controls– Credit & Investment
• No Credit issued• High Savings &/or
Investment– Low inflation-- purchase of
War Bonds
– High Incomes– Rationing
• Books of rationing stamps• Tires to footwear to
shortening• Car races banned
The Home Front
• Labor Issues– High Job Availability– Unions recognized
• Exchange for no-strike policy
– Women in the workforce• Filled traditional roles• Took “men’s” jobs• Gained respect• Volunteered &
recycled• Army Pilots
– Farmers keep up food production
– Teen Labor: state child labor laws change
The Home Front• Civilian Support for the War– Civil Air Patrol & USO
• Minority Rights– FEPC– Double V Campaign– Internment…
• Propaganda and Culture– Posters– Recycling Drives– Movies & Cartoons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZcs1SHVbz0
The End• Collapse of Nazi Eastern
Europe– Soviets push westward
• Unconditional German Surrender– Germany divided– Allied disagreement leads to
Cold War• The Holocaust
– “Discovered”• Bombs on Japan
– “Regular” bombs– Fire bombs– Atomic Bombs– US Army occupation
War Costs
• Casualties• 15 million military deaths• 15 million civilian deaths• Unknown statistics for dislocations, famines,
exterminations, deportations, epidemics• 1 out of every 2 saved by new drugs• Totals estimated at 45 million
• The Big Economic Q: Did WWII bring prosperity?• 10x as costly as WWI• Cost 40% of GDP• 5x increase in US debt• 6x increase in US taxation• 1+ million casualties (dead & wounded)• 154 government agencies created• Increased employment, not consumption
Reflection Questions
1. Why was fear of Soviet expansion such an important issue during WWII? How did this fear play out in US war policy?
2. How did US and Japanese goals differ during the 1930s? Do you think war could have been avoided between the two nations?
3. List two things that you learned that were interesting &/or that you will remember easily a month from now.