nbi social studies vocabulary session 2. october 31, 2011 branches of government executive branch ...
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NBI Social Studies Vocabulary
Session 2
October 31, 2011
Branches of Government Executive Branch Judicial Branch Legislative Branch
Branches of Government
Executive Branch President/Governor Vice President/
Lt. Governor FBI, CIA, State
Police, local police, etc.
The Executive Branch of government ENFORCES the law
Judicial Branch Makes sure laws
are constitutional – meaning – are they legal and fair?
Each state has their own Supreme Court – but all are under the U.S. Supreme Court
Legislative Branch Makes the laws for
citizens (2) houses –
Senate and House of Representatives
Georgia’s Legislative Branch is the General Assembly (State Senate, House of Representatives)
November 2, 2011
Declaration of Independence
Articles of ConfederationConstitutionBill of Rights
Declaration of Independence
A statement sent to King George II of England that told the King that we would no longer be British subjects under his rule Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first document to outline how the United States would be structured as a country. Articles of Confederation
Constitution
The document that replaced the Articles of Confederation. If further framed how the United States would be run – how we would govern ourselves, etc. It is the document that gives us, or denies us, certain rights AND responsibilities. Constitution
Bill of Rights
First 10 Amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights
November 3, 2011
ColonizationPatriotLoyalistCongress
Colonization When a foreign
power occupies land/territory for their own gain.
Patriot
Patriot A person who
fight’s for his/her country.
Loyalist A loyalist is a
person who is loyal to the Crown (i.e., the King of England)
Congress The two houses of
the Legislative body: House of Representatives and the Senate
November 8, 2011
Representative GovernmentContinental CongressConstitution of 1787Separation of Powers
Representative Government A system of
governance by chosen representatives, usually elected from among a large group, as in representative democracy; representative government .
Continental Congress
The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution.
Constitution of 1787 Adopted on September
17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and ratified by conventions in each U.S. State in the name of "The People". It has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights
Separation of Powers The three branches
(Legislative, Executive, Judicial) are distinct and have checks and balances on each other. In this way, no one branch can gain absolute power or abuse the power they are given.
November 9, 2011
Supreme CourtTariffTaxation without
RepresentationSovereignty
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has jurisiction over all state and federal courts. The Court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they are removed after impeachment
Tariff A tariff may be
either a tax on imports or exports.
Taxation without Representation Issue originating in
the 1750s A primary
grievance of the British colonists in the Thirteen Colonies
One of the major causes of the American Revolution
Sovereignty An independent
government within a defined territory
Having independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory.
November 10, 2011
NullificationSecessionTwo-Party SystemAntebellum
Nullification The legal theory
that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law that a state has deemed unconstitutional.
Secession
Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity.
Two-Party System A two–party system is
a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices are members of one of the two major parties.
Antebellum
the time period preceding a war, in the case of the United States, it is the period leading up to the Civil War, which began in 1860
November 15, 2011
ConfederacyStates RightsEmancipation ProclamationAbolition Movement
Confederacy The Confederate
States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S.
States Rights States' rights in
U.S. politics refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government
Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall
be free."
Abolition Movement Abolitionism was
a movement to end the slave trade and set slaves free.
November 16, 2011
13th Amendment14th Amendment15th Amendment
13th Amendment Passed by Congress on January 31,
1865, 13th amendment abolished slavery
14th Amendment
14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States
15th Amendment
15th Amendment: the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
November 17, 2011
Jim CrowDiscriminationSegregationDisenfranchisement
Jim Crow The Jim Crow laws
were state and local laws (southern states) enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans.
Discrimination Prejudicial
treatment of individuals based on their membership in a certain group or category.
Segregation segregation is the
separation of humans into racial groups in daily life.
Disenfranchisement The taking away of the
right to vote of a person or group of people. Disfranchisement may occur explicitly through law, or implicitly by intimidation or by placing unreasonable registration or identification impediments in the path of voters. Poll Tax Racial Intimidation Grandfather Clause Literacy Test
November 29, 2011
DesegregationReconstruction
MovementShare Cropping
Desegregation The process of
ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.
Reconstruction Movement Implemented by
Congress and lasting from 1866 to 1877.
Goal was to reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War providing the means
for readmitting them into the Union
defining the means by which whites and blacks could live together in a nonslave society.
Share-Cropping A system of
agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land
November 30, 2011
Migrant WorkerCivil DisobedienceCivil Rights MovementNon-violent Resistance
Migrant Worker Someone who
migrates outside or within a country, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work harvesting crops.
Civil Disobedience The active,
professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government.
Civil Rights Movement Movement in the
United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states
Non-Violent Resistance The practice of
achieving socio-political goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence
December 1, 2011
SuffrageChristian Evangelical
MovementMercantilismPrimary Source
Suffrage The civil right to
vote gained through the democratic process
Christian Evangelical Movement Evangelicalism is a
Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s and gained popularity in the United States during the series of Great Awakenings of the 18th and 19th century.
Mercantilism the theory of trade by
the major European powers from roughly 1500 to 1800. It advocated that a nation should export more than it imported The exportation of finished goods was favored over extractive industries like farming.
Primary Source A term used in a
number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied
December 6, 2011
DemographicSocioeconomic GroupStandard of LivingPopulation Density
Demographic Demographics are
the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location
Socioeconomic Group Social classes, or
socioeconomic groups, are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society.
Standard of Living Measured by
standards such as real income per person and poverty rate. Other measures such as access and quality of health care, income growth inequality and educational standards are also used.
Population Density The number of
people per unit of area, usually per mile
December 7, 2011
Agribusiness Capitalism Investment Infrastructure
Agribusiness a generic term for the
various businesses involved in food production, including farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales.
Capitalism
an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, usually in competitive markets.
Investment
Putting money into something, like a bank, with the expectation of gain, within an expected period of time.
Infrastructure The basic physical
and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.
December 8, 2011
Inflation Economy Hierarchy Industrialization
Inflation The rise in the
general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time
Economy The economic
system of a country; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Hierarchy an arrangement of
items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another.
Industrialization is the process of
social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one.