nc jr policy examples for nov mtg (1)

8/8/2019 NC JR Policy Examples for Nov Mtg (1)

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ustice Reinvestmentn North Carolina

&What Works Policy

Examplesfrom Other States

,November 16 2010

ouncil of State Governmentsustice Center,arshall Clement Project Director

,ndy Barbee Senior Research Associate,egan Grasso Policy Analyst


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2

ngage input fromstakeholders &Behavioral health

treatmentproviders

Law enforcement Judges Prosecutors Defense bar

Victim

/advocates survivors

County officials Community

corrections Probation

xamine quantitative data&ted crime arrests

&disposition sentencingpopulationtion and community corrections programs

, &n admissions population releases

&evelop present a comprehensive analysis of the stat

evelop a frameworkf policy optionshat together wouldncrease publicafety and/educe avert taxpayerspending

1

Analysis

2

Implementation3

Accountability

Ohio Justice Reinvestment Processorth Carolina Justice Reinvestment Process

April - June May October October - January


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NC Framework

& What Works Effective Policies

&Reducing Recidivism Crime


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4

& ,iolent Property Crime Rates per 100 000( - )000 2009

.S Avg,21 3

.S Avg45 6

- %5%6

orth Carolina Crime Rate Has Declinedince 2000

.S Avg507

.S Avg,618


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DOC Expenditures:

o$899 million FY00

o$1.51 billion FY09

68% Increase

FY 2000-2009Growth:+ 29.3%

FY 1997-2000Growth:- 2.9%

Source: North Carolina Department of Correction, Annual Statistical Reports and online Prison Offender Population Statistics;http://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/index.htm .

ow Has the State s Prison Populationncreased 29 Percent Since 2000?

Average CountyJail Backlog not

:included in graph

:FY06 322

:FY07 32:FY08 146:FY09 244

- :Oct Dec 2009 999
http://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/index.htmhttp://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/index.htm


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ottom Line Summary

/ /I Felony Convictions Increasing% entenced to Probation D e c l i n i n g

% entenced torison I n c r e a s i n g

,reviously Probation Supervision Not Based on Best Practices

rison Sentence

% evoked to Prison I n c r e a s i n g

/ %arned Time Policy Holds Offenders w Short Sentences beyond 100 Due too Supervision Upon Release

ual Offenders Increasing ( / / )ost are Triggered by G H I eleased to 9m of Supervisionpend 8 years in prison on average

a se loa ds an d cou nt y j ai l p op ula ti ons

-tr uc tur ed Se nt enc in g D oe sn t F ac ili ta te Ri sk Ba se d

/ /OC adopted formal changes in approach 9 1 2


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NC Framework


&Reducing Recidivism Crime


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hat works to reduce recidivism. ocus on the offendersost likely to commitcrime. nvest in programs that, &ork ensure they areorking well. trengthen supervision&nd employ swiftertain sanctions. -se place basedstrategies

When - .someone is released does not impact their re offense rate

Whothey are

Whatthey do

How

they aresupervised

Wherethey return


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1 . ocus on offenders most likely-o re offend00 people released from prison

-0 re arrested 0 not -e arrested

?% -0 rearrested % -5 re arrested % -0 rearrested


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ocusing on low risk offendersan actually increase crime

*2010 Evaluation of Ohio Community Based Correctional Facilities &Halfway Houses. University of Cincinnati

Impact of Ohio Community Based Correctional Facility Program onNew Felony Conviction Rate Compared with Probation Supervision

ow Risk+ 5

HighRisk- 5

.od Risk+ 4

,verall the program increasedew felony conviction rate by 3.ercentage points


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Supervised Probationers the Same

Regardless of Risk

9% RearrestedWithin 1 Year

Min Risk Low Risk High RiskMod Risk




No focus of supervision resources, programs, andinterventions on the highest risk population

Shortage of program capacity to effectively addressneeds like substance use treatment


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- :s e e a se u p e rv s o n offen d ers A re S u p e rvised A fter S ervin g.rie f P e rio d s o f T im e in P riso nG/H/I OffendersSentenced to Probation

16,203(FY09)

G/H/I OffendersReleased from Prison13,165(FY09)

1yr ~ 19%3yr ~ 35%

Rearrest Rates

100% Supervised No Supervision

1yr ~ 21%3yr ~ 45%


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Arizona Probation Earned Time Credit Policy

20 days for every 30 days that aprobationer: Making positive progression on case plan

Current on court ordered payments &other obligations

Current in completing community service

Earned time credits must be taken awayif a probationer is found to be inviolation

Nevada New Ham shire and Delaware


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. Invest in programs that work

, , ( ). -Elizabeth Drake Steve Aos and Marna Miller 2009 Evidence Based Public Policy Options: .to Reduce Crime and Criminal Justice Costs Implications in Washington State Victims

-

rug Treatmentn the Community- % ognitive Behavioral Treatment

- % ntensive Supervision

% ntensive Supervisi+ Treatment- %8


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mpact of Ohio Residential Correctional Programsn Recidivism ( : )Annual State Funding $104m

* Results for all participants

nd ensure those programs are.orking well


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Texas


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ncreas ng um er o eop e reailing on Probation and Being Revoked to.rison

Source: North Carolina Department of Correction Annual Statistical Reports

76% of theprobationrevocations to

prison were forviolating theconditions ofsupervision (2009)

robation %evocations asf Total PrisonAdmissionsY2001 %50Y2009 %53


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NC Stakeholder Concerns with Probation

Probation lacks teeth

Probation needs swift and certainsanctions to immediately respond

to violations. Probation officers indicate they

spend a lot of time waiting in court

for probation violation hearings. Probation officers indicate theyspend a lot of time doingpaperwork and not enough time

supervising probationers.

K Si ifi t D li i


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Kansas-evocations from Post Release Supervision

echnicalViolations

ew Offenses

%6

%0

Kansas: Significant Decline inRecidivism


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,Sanctions

Work Best to Reduce Recidivism

eorgia POMEnablingprobation

officers toemploy

administrative&sanctions

probationers towaive violationhearings

reduced jail- ,time three fold

reduced time

,spent in courtand increasedswiftness ofresponses to.violations

awaii HOPE- ,Court run intensive random drug testing with, , .swift certain and brief jail sanctions

:The full Hawaii HOPE evaluation from NIJ is available at:// . . / / / / .http www ncjrs gov pdffiles1 nij grants 229023 pdf
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/229023.pdfhttp://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/229023.pdfhttp://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/229023.pdf


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Prison AdmissionsHotspotsArizona, 2004

60% of the States prison population comes

from and returns to the Phoenix-Mesametropolitan area.

. -se place based strategies

P i Ad i i 2006


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Prison Admissions, 2006

Maricopa County

1/2 Mile Grid Map

South Mountain Zip Code 85041

Prison Admissions = 31.8 per 1000 adults

Jail Bookings = 96.5 per 1000 adults

Probation = 25.1 per 1000 adults

A single neighborhood in Phoenixis home to 1% of the states totalpopulation but 6.5% of the statesprison population

P i E di


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Prison ExpendituresDollars, 2004

Maricopa County1/2 Mile Grid Map

South Mountain

Maryvale

Central City

Estrella

Laveen

Encanto

Alhambra

North Mountain

Paradise Valley

Camelback East

Deer Valley

GLENDALE

Within high expenditureneighborhoods there arenumerous, smaller area,million dollar block groups

$1.8 Million

$1.1 Million

$1.6 Million


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NC Framework


&Reducing Recidivism Crime hat percent of arrests are attributableo probationers? essons from NY state

Probationers Account for Only a Fraction of


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Probationers Account for Only a Fraction ofArrests

*stimated 2009 NC Arrests Attributable toProbationers

Crime Type StatewideArrests

ProbationerArrests

%Probationers

Total ,446 267 ,43 573 %10

**Violent ,74 824 ,7 220 %10Property ,96 926 ,14 494 %15

Drug ,36 812 ,10 517 %29

Other ,237 705 ,11 341 %5

* Based on analysis of FY06 probation placement sample with arrestswithin 3 years of placement

** -Includes non aggravated assault


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Lessons from New York


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c n g ra e g e s a n r ve o w n orim en d C rim in a l Ju stice P o p u la tio n s,ut criminal justiceopulations actuallydeclined

rison Populatio- %0 -2000 2009

n New York,ity policencreasedrrestsYC Jail Population- %0

-1991 2009

.robation Pop- %9 -1998 2008

otal Arrests+ %2 -1992 2009

CR Index Crime- %2 -1988 2008

ecause police increased misdemeanorrrestsnd decreased felony arrestselony Arrests- %0 -1993 2009

.isd Arrests+ %4 -1993 2009

ll whilerime dropped


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Next Steps

OctoberStakeholder meetings

November

JR Work Group meeting December

Develop a policy framework tailoredfor NC

JanuaryJR Work Group meeting to review

frameworkConference to share findings and

policy options


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hank You

egan Grasso,olicy Analyst Justice Reinvestment.grasso@csg org

nc jr policy examples for nov mtg (1)

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