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What is the Allen test?

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The Allen test is doneto make sure theradial artery has goodblood circulation tothe hand beforegetting a bloodsample for an ABG.

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Answer:

An arterial-blood gas test measuresthe amounts of arterial gases, suchas oxygen and carbon dioxide. AnABG test requires that a smallvolume of blood be drawn from theradial artery with a syringe and athin needle.Taking an arterial blood gas (ABG)involves using a needle and syringeto directly sample blood from anartery (typically the radial artery).


What is common aboutmost heart blocks?

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Answer:

Typically less than 60 beats perminuteHave an elongated PR intervalWill receive atropine if showingsymptomsTypically less than 60 beats perminute

There are 3 types ofheart block:

Mildest form and usually doesn’tcause symptoms. Electricalsignals are slowed, but they allreach the ventricles.Has a slower – and sometimesirregular – heart rhythm. Not allsignals reach the ventricles andsome heart beats are dropped.The most severe form. None ofthe electrical signals reach theventricles. A natural back-upsystem in the ventricles takesover, but the heart rhythm isslower and more irregular thannormal.

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The nurse arrived tothe unit and is goingover the lab values thatjust came back. Whichof the followingindicates the nurseshould notify thephysician?

NCLEX

Sodium 136 mEq/L

Chloride 97 mEq/L

Potassium 2.9 mEq/L

Potassium 5 mEq/L

Answer:

Potassium 2.9 mEq/LThe normal range of potassium is3.5 to 5 mEq/L. The normal rangeof sodium is 135 to 145 mEq/L. Thenormal range of chloride is 95-105mEq/L. A potassium level of 2.9mEq/L indicates hypokalemia andthe physician should be notified.


Breathing too fastcauses the client tobreathe out too muchCO2 gas

NCLEX

True or False

TRUEAnswer:

Respiratory alkalosis occurs whenyou breathe too fast or too deepand carbon dioxide levels drop toolow. This causes the pH of theblood to rise and become tooalkaline. When the blood becomestoo acidic, respiratory acidosisoccurs.

Respiratory alkalosis is 1 of the 4basic classifications of blood pHimbalances. Normal humanphysiological pH is 7.35 to 7.45. Adecrease in pH below this range isacidosis, an increase above thisrange is alkalosis. Respiratoryalkalosis is by definition a diseasestate where the body’s pH iselevated to greater than 7.45secondary to some respiratory orpulmonary process.


What does HOB mean?

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Head of Bed refers tothe position that thehead of the bed is in.

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What are the S1 andS2?

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S1 and S2 are thenormal heart sounds. Itis sometimes known as"lub dub".

Answer:

The(S1) represents closure of theatrioventricular (mitral andtricuspid) valves as the ventricularpressures exceed atrial pressuresat the beginning of systole (point a).The (S2) represents closure of thesemilunar (aortic and pulmonary)valves (point d). S2 is normally splitbecause the aortic valve (A2) closesbefore the pulmonary valve (P2).The closing pressure (the diastolicarterial pressure) on the left is 80mmHg as compared to only 10mmHg on the right. This higherclosing pressure leads to earlierclosure of the aortic valve.


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