nd structure of the body (sob) gross and systems anatomy cytology, histology… · 2019. 12. 5. ·...
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Harvey Medicine, University of Pavia 2nd Semester (23 March- June 30), Academic Year 2019/2020
Structure of the Body (SOB) Gross and Systems Anatomy
Cytology, Histology, and Embryology
Course Description: Structure of the Body is a first-year course designed to provide students with a fundamental working
knowledge of normal human gross and systemic anatomy, with the integration of cytology, histology and
embryology, as a basis for the practice of medicine. 20CFU divided as follows: 11CFU Anatomy; 2CFU
Laboratory of Topographic anatomy; 2CFU Topographic Anatomy; 2CFU Cytology; 1CFU Embryology;
1CFU Histology and 1CFU Laboratory of histology. Structural survey of human body, including
skeletomuscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Laboratory
includes examination of human bones, models, medical imagining and microscopic structures.
Instructors:
Cytology, Histology and Embryology Andrea Casasco Email: [email protected] Office hours: after lecture or by appointment Address: Histology Institute
Federica Riva Email: [email protected] Office hours: after lecture or by appointment Address: Histology Institute Manuela Monti Email: [email protected] Office hours: after lecture or by appointment Address: Histology Institute
Anatomy
Andrea Frontini Email: [email protected] Address: Human anatomy building Office hours: by appointment Phone: 0382/987645 Visiting Professor: Anne Gilroy, University of Massachusset Gabriele Ceccarelli Email: [email protected] Address: Human anatomy building Office hours: after lecture or by appointment
Flavio Ronzoni Email: [email protected] Address: Human anatomy building Office hours: after lecture or by appointment
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Meetings: All lectures are in Harvey Hall Istituto Golgi Spallanzani (Botta 2 – Polo Cravino) on Via
Ferrata 9, IV° floor. A few lectures will be held in the Aula Cattaneo located in the Anatomy
building in via Forlanini 8 (see the timetable for details). Students are assigned to one 3-hr lab
(Group A; B; C) to be held in the Sala Anatomica located in the Institute of Anatomia Umana,
Via Forlanini 8. See the timetable for the weekly schedule.
Websites: Lecture and lab notes will be posted on the Kiro platform. http://elearning3.unipv.it/medicina/
For weekly calendar: http://nfs.unipv.it/medeng/orario/Orario_1list.asp
Tutors: Riccardo Ronco: [email protected]
Madonia Niccolò: [email protected]
Roveda Giacomo: [email protected]
Somenzi Anita: [email protected]
Tomasoni Michelangelo: [email protected]
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Textbooks:1 (See Appendix for full list including optional reading) Histology and Embryology
a. Ross MH & Pawlina W, Histology: a Text and Atlas, Lippincott W & W, 2015
b. Sadler TW Langman’s Medical Embryology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014
Anatomy2
a. Drake R, Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, Livingstone, 2009 b. Gilroy M, Anatomy - An Essential Textbook, Thieme, 3rd Edition c. Netter F, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th Edition, Saunders, 2010
Laboratory: ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. Please prepare by printing lab notes. All quizzes
must be taken during your assigned lab. Note: NO FOOD, OR BEVERAGES, OR CELL PHONES
ALLOWED IN LAB AT ANY TIME.
Grading:
As general outline, two separate but integrated courses make up the Structure of the Body
module: anatomy (15 CFU) and cytology, histology and embryology (5 CFU). One grade (see
Final grading below) will be given for the lecture & lab components combined of each course.
I. Anatomy Grades will be assigned according to percentage of total points earned as follows:
Lecture:
Exam 1 (Covering material for weeks 1-5) 240 pts
Exam 2 (Covering material for weeks 7-12) 400 pts
Practical Exams:
1. Skeletal, Articular, and Muscular Systems 180 pts
2. Thorax (Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems), Abdomen
(Digestive and Urinary systems), Pelvis (genital systems);
Nervous system. 180 pts
Total: 1000 pts
Grading Scale: The following scale will be used as a guideline to determine the anatomy course grade
that is based on points earned throughout the semester. 27 – 30 = 900 – 1000 24 – 26 = 800 – 899 21 – 23 = 700 – 799 18 – 22 = 600 – 699 Retake = 599 and below
1 Updated versions of the books below are also recommended for this class. 2 Anatomy lecture and test material will use the Moore’s and Drake’s books. The atlas will be useful in the laboratory.
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II. Cytology, Histology, & Embryology
The course grade will be determined in the following matter: Written exam 1 40% Written exam 2 40% Practical exam 20%
III. Final Grading
The final grade will be a weighted average between the two subjects: Anatomy 75% Cytology, Histology and Embryology 25% For example, if a student scores 25 and 18 respectively on the two subjects, the final grade will be 23. To pass SOB, it is mandatory to score at least 18 in both subjects (I and II) NOTE: In borderline cases, the final grade account for unmeasured characteristic traits such as professionalism, attitude, attendance to lectures and labs, maturity, effort, etc.
No Make-Up Exams (not lecture nor lab) will be given, other than exceptional
circumstances. Written documentation from a physician verifying the severity of the illness
requiring loss of class time will be required to excuse an absence. The exam schedule is set;
plan your life accordingly.
Re-sit Exams will be given in late July and September. In anatomy, only the written exams 1
and 2 can be taken (not the 2 Lab Practices). The final grade will include the points accumulated
throughout the semester with the score of the re-sit exams. In histology, there will only be one
exam for the whole grade. The re-sit exam score CANNOT be voided once it has been graded.
Regulations Misconduct and disrespectful behaviour may lead to a decrease by a maximum of 3 points on the
FINAL GRADE. Unannounced, unexcused absences from the oral exam shall automatically
result in a detraction of ONE point for each instance. We have a zero-tolerance policy regarding
the destruction or theft of common lab materials, including anatomical models or histological
preparations. They will be submitted for disciplinary proceedings with the Dean and President of
Medicine.
Course Organization Anatomy is divided into two blocks. The first five weeks focus on the skeletal-muscular
structures of the different regions of the body: week 1) Introduction; 2) Back and Thorax; 3)
Abdomen and Upper Limb; 4) Pelvis and Lower Limb; 5) Head and Neck, 6) Review Block 1.
The last six weeks focus on organ systems: weeks 7-9) Thorax. Cardiovascular and Respiratory
systems; 9-11) Abdomen and Pelvis. Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive Systems; 11-13)
Neuroanatomy; 14) Review Block 2.
Cytology histology and embryology course is organized in the following way: weeks 2-3) essential cytology; week 4-5) Embryology; week 6) Revision and Exams.
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Histology will be spread along the second block in parallel with the Systems Anatomy (week 7-12). The study of histology will cover the main tissues (epithelial; connective; muscle and nervous tissues);
Laboratory Schedule I. Anatomy Lab Week Dates Lab Topic 1 25-27 March (1) Bones: Upper Limb, Vertebral Column 2 1-3 April (2) Muscles: Back and Upper Extremity
3 6-9 April (3) Bones: Skull and Lower Extremity 4 15-17 April (4) Muscles: Skull and Lower Extremity 5 21-23 April (5) *Lab Practical 1 = 180 pts (based on Labs 1-4) 8 12-14 May (6) Cardiovascular/Heart 9 18-21 May (7) Thorax/Respiratory Systems Abdomen/GI/Urinary, & Reproductive Systems 11 9-11 June (8) Intro to CNS, Cerebrum, Ventricles, and Cerebellum 12 15-18 June (9) Brain Stem, Spinal Cord, Cranial Nerves 13 23-24 June (10) *Lab Practical 2 = 180 pts (based on Labs 6-9) * Lab practical exams will be on Tue, Wed and Thurs on 21-23 April and 23/24 Jun (morning/afternoon). Be certain that you attend the correct day for your exam.
II. Histology Lab Week Dates Lab Topic (8) 11-14 May (1) Introduction to Cytology & Histology (11) 3-5 June (2) Histological investigation
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Lecture Schedule and Reading Assignments Date Lecture Prof Anatomy Topics Week 1: 23-27 March
1 AF a) Introduction to the course
Week 1: 23-27 March
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AF a) Principles and basic concepts to studying Anatomy. The
integumentary system (skin + appendage)
Week 1: 23-27 March
3 AG a) Intro to Musculoskeletal system; b) Anatomy of joints
Week 1: 23-27 March
4 AG a) Intro to back
b) Vertebral column
c) Spinal cord and spinal nerves
c) Joints, ligaments, musculature
Week 1: 23-27 March
5 AG a) Overview of upper limb b) Brachial plexus c) Pectoral and scapular regions
Week 1: 23-27 March
6 AG a) Axilla b) Joints of the shoulder region
Week 2: 30 March- 3 April
7 AG a) Arm b) Elbow joint & cubital fossa
Week 2: 30 March- 3 April
8 AG a) Forearm b) Wrist
Week 2: 30 March- 3 April
9 AG a) Wrist & Hand
Week 2: 30 March- 3 April
10 AG a) Overview of lower limb b) Lumbosacral plexus c) Hip joint
Week 3: 6-9 April
11 AG a) Gluteal region & posterior thigh b) Anterior & medial thigh
Week 3: 6-9 April
12 AG a) Knee & popliteal fossa b) Leg
Week 3: 6-9 April
13 AG a) Ankle & foot b) Gait
Week 4: 14-17 April
14 AG a) Skull- cranium & scalp
Week 4: 14-17 April
15 AG a) Skull-Facial bones & muscles b) TMJ and muscles of mastication
Week 4: 14-17 April
16 AG Bones & muscles of the neck
Week 5: 20-24 April
17 AG Review: Lecture material
Week 5: 20-24 April
18 AG Review: Mock Practical
Week 6: 27-30 April
MID TERM EXAM
Anatomy Exam 1
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Week 7: 4-8 May
19 GC Thorax: overview and surface anatomy
Week 7: 4-8 May
20 FR Mediastinum: organisation and structure
Week 7: 4-8 May
21 GC Chest wall (bones and muscles)
Week 7: 4-8 May
22 FR Thoracic duct
Week 7: 4-8 May
23 GC Breast: general organization and vascular supply
Week 7: 4-8 May
24 GC Thoracic Cavity: viscera and pleura
Week 7: 4-8 May
25 FR Thymus
Week 8: 11-15 May
26 GC Pleura and lungs
Week 8: 11-15 May
27 GC Trachea and bronchi
Week 8: 11-15 May
28 GC Diaphragm /Anatomy of breathing
Week 9: 18-22 May
29 GC Review lecture
Week 9: 18-22 May
30 AF Intro to abdomen and Architecture of the abdomen
Week 9: 18-22 May
31 FR Oesophagus and mediastinal imaging
Week 9: 18-22 May
32 AF a) Development of Systems
Week 9: 18-22 May
33 FR Pericardium/Heart
Week 9: 18-22 May
34 FR Heart/Coronary Circulation
Week 10: 25-29 May
35 FR Conduction System
Week 10: 25-29 May
36 FR Pathological Conditions of the Heart/ Vascular supply and lymphatic drainage
Week 10: 25-29 May
37 AF a) Peritoneum and Peritoneal cavity
Week 10: 25-29 May
38 FR Major blood vessels
Week 10: 25-29 May
39 AF Digestive (gastrointestinal) tract (GI): oral cavity and oesophagus
Week 10: 25-29 May
40 AF GI: stomach and duodenum
Week 11: 3-5 June
41 DXT Nervous System Development Fundamentals of Nervous tissue and Brain
Week 11: 3-5 June
42 AF GI: Small intestine (focus on duodenum) and large intestine
Week 11: 3-5 June
43 DXT Meninges, Cerebral Spinal Fluid, Cerebral Cortex
Week 11: 3-5 June
44 AF Accessory organs of GI: liver, gall bladder, and pancreas, spleen
Week 11: 3-5 June
43 DXT Blood Supply to CNS and telencephalon
Week 12: 8-12 June
44 AF Con’t accessory organs of GI and vascular supply
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Week 12: 8-12 June
45 DXT Diencephalon and Brainstem
Week 12: 8-12 June
46 AF Kidneys
Week 12: 8-12 June
47 AF Ureters and lower urinary system (suprarenal glands)
Week 12: 8-12 June
48 AF Perineum: Pelvic viscera
Week 13: 15-19 June
49 AF Perineum: Pelvic viscera and vascular supply
Week 13: 15-19 June
50 AF Intro to the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
Week 13: 15-19 June
51 DXT Spinal Cord: ascending and descending tracts
Week 13: 15-19 June
52 AF Reproduction Systems Male
Week 13: 15-19 June
50 AF
53 AF Reproduction Systems Female
Week 13: 15-19 June
56 DXT Introduction to Cranial Nerves and pathways, Cranial Nerves of the Special Senses
Week 14 22-26 June
57 AF/DXT/FR/GC
Review week and Lab practical 2
Exam week 29 June-3 July
58 Anatomy Exam 2
Prof Embryology, Cytology and Histology
MM The morphological method. Cell proliferation and differentiation. Histogenesis. The cell. Cytoplasmic organelles. Cell membrane. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Smooth E. R.
MM Rough E. R. Ribosomes and protein synthesis. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes.
MM Mitochondria. Centrioles. Cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic inclusions.
MM Nucleus. Nuclear envelope. Chromatin. Nucleolus. Cell Cycle. Cell activities. Mitosis, meiosis.
MM Tissues. Epithelial tissue. Lining epithelia. Cell surface specializations.
MM Glands and secretion. Exocrine glands. Endocrine glands. Sensory epithelia.
MM Connective tissue: general aspects. Connective tissue proper: Loose and dense c. tissue. Extracellular matrix.
MM Connective tissue: general aspects. Connective tissue proper: Loose and dense c. tissue. Extracellular matrix. (continued)
MM Adipose Tissue.
MM Cartilage. Bone. Histogenesis of Bone
MM Cartilage. Bone. Histogenesis of Bone (continued)
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MM Blood. Erytrocytes. Leucocytes. Platelets.
MM Blood cell formation (Hemopoiesis).
MM Muscular tissue. Smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle. Cardiac Muscle.
MM Nervous tissue: general organization of the nervous system. The neuron.
MM Nerve fibers. Synapsis. Peripheral nerve endings. Neuroglia.
Embryology topics
MM Female and male gametogenesis. Fertilization. Early stages of embryo development. Blastocyst and implantation. Placenta.
MM The embryo disk. Primitive embryo layers. Formation of the embryo body. Endoderm derivatives. Ectoderm and Mesoderm derivatives.
MM MM MM
The embryo disk. Primitive embryo layers. Molecular basis of regulatory mechanisms of embryo development. Time evolution and 3D organization of entoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. Embryo annexes.
MM Intraembryonic mesoderm organization. The notochord and its role in the embryonic development. Somites. Lateral and intermediate mesoderm. Ectoderm development and derivatives.
MM Embryo delimitation (body formation). Morphogenetic mechanisms. Endoderm development and derivatives.
MM Mesoderm development. Ecto-endo-mesoderm interactions and morphogenesis. From histo- and embryogenesis towards organogenesis.
APPENDIX RECOMMENDED READINGS (OPTIONAL) Histology and Embryology
Alberts and al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science, 2014 Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 6e Moore KL, The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology, Saunders
Elsevier 2012/15 Anatomy
Acland’s Video Atlas of Human Anatomy, http://www.aclandanatomy.com/
Neuroanatomy
Patestas M & Gartner LP, A Textbook of Neuroanatomy, Blackwell Publishing, 2006
Stephan Waxman, Clinical Neuroanatomy, 26th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2009 Crossman and Neary, Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text, Churchill
Livingstone, 2010