NDC Research Agenda

DOS

INTRODUCTION RESEARCH AGENDA EXTERNAL INPUT TIPS/INDICATIONS ON RESEARCH AREAS WAY FORWARD

ISSUES

PAPER ON DOS OFFICE FUNCTIONS UNDERSCORED RESEARCH WING TAKE OFF

SUBMITTED RESEARCH THEMES, THREE SELECTED, PRIORITIZED

WROTE RESEARCH AGENDA FOR DISCUSSION TO FACULTY MEMBERS

SUBMITTED TO EXTERNAL MEMBERS, CDF, PS

RETREAT AS INSTRUMENT FOR WAY FORWARD, RESEARCH WING TAKE OFF

INTRODUCTION

URT 50 YRS A LANDMARK IN MAINTENANCE OF NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY

TURNING POINT REQUIRES REFLECTING THE FUTURE

COMPLEX MULTIFACETED NEW SECURITY THREATS AND CHALLENGES REQUIRES REDIFINING TANZANIA’S NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH AGENDA

the National Defence College, Tanzania proposes to conduct a study that will explore Tanzania’s security imperatives

the aim IS TO usE the findings to construct Tanzania’s Grand National Security Strategy (GNSS) in line with the 21st century development and security needs

RESEARCH AGENDA

THE FUTURE OF TANZANIA NATIONAL SECURITY AS ARTICULATED IN VISION 2025 (ZANZIBAR 2020) AND THE FIVE YEAR PLAN 2011/12-2015/16 IS NOT ADEQUATE

VISION 2025 GUIDES TANZANIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

5 YR PLAN IMPLEMENTATION FRAME FOR VISION 2025 IN 3 FIVE YR PLANS TO TRANSFORM TZ A MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY BY 2025

THE 2 NOT EVOLVING VISIONARY GRAND NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY PROMOTING THE PROTECTION OF TANZANIA NATIONAL SURVIVAL INTERESTS REGIONALLY AND GLOBALLY

VISION 2025 NO LONGER A VISIONARY DOCUMENT FOR THE FUTURE. 2025 IS TOO SOON, HARDLY TEN YEARS FROM NOW

THE SETTING OF RESEARCH AGENDA

GAP ON HOLISTIC POLICY DOCUMENT ON TANZANIA DEFECE AND SECURITY  SURVIVAL FRAMEWORK

MORE SECTORIAL - 2001 NEW FOREIGN POLICY NATIONAL SECURITY A COMBINED FUNCTION

ENCOMPASSES INTERPLAY OF THE COUNTRY’S EXTERNAL AND THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

INCLUDES HOW ALL INSTRUMENTS OF POWER BOTH TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL PLAY AND INTERACT.

SETTING

interplay of national security strategies and instruments

National Defence Policy (NDP), National Defence Strategy (NDS), National Foreign Policy (NFP), National Foreign Policy Strategy (NFPS), National Intelligence Policy (NILP), National Intelligence Strategy (NIS)

non-military actions (strategies and policies) of state that ensures national survival of state as a political entity and that of national population

There is need to address this gap, and the NDC’s research agenda is intended to develop a roadmap toward this direction

setting

 SINCE INDEPENDENCE TZ HAS ENJOYED PEACE THREATS AT INDEPENDENCE WERE FEW – POLITICAL/ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES, DISEASES, IGNORANCE POVERTY SOCIALIST STANCE, SUPPORT FOR LIBERATION STRUGGLES, NON-

ALIGNMENT POLICY AND SUPPORT FOR SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION IN A COLD-WAR ENVIRONMENT MADE TANZANIA AN ATTRACTIVE PEACEFUL PLACE FOR WORLD COMMUNITY

LEGACY FORMED THE BASE FOR TANZANIA’S CREDIBILITY THESE BASIS OF BULDING TZ NATIONAL INTERESTS, NATIONAL

SECURITY AND MORAL AUTHORITY TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THESE FOUNDATIONS IMPORTANT TODAY

IN TANZANIA’S INTERNATIONAL POSITION IS ANOTHER ISSUE OF INVESTIGATION THAT THE NDC WOULD LIKE TO INVESTIGATE.

RESEARCH AGENDA: HISTORICAL ISSUES

50 YRS THE CHALLENGES AND THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY AND OTHER STRATEGIC NATIONAL INTERESTS’ ARE MORE COMPLEX

IS TANZANIA’S A PEACEFUL COUNTRY IS RESEARCHEABLE THERE AE MANT THREATS - GLOBAL CHANGES,

INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBALIZATION BRINGS NEW TRANSNATIONAL AND NON-

TRADITIONAL THREATS INTERNALIZATION OF THREATS - GLOBAL AND

REGIONALLY MAKES THE SECURITY LANDSCAPE OF TANZANIA COMPLEX AND CHALLENGING

NDC EFFORTS TO ADDRESS SUCH COMPLEX SECURITY CHALLENGES IS VITAL FOR THE PROTECTION AND DEFENCE OF THE NATION

RESEARCH AGENDA: SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

COMPLEX SECURITY CHAL LENGES , TANZANIA MUST STRATEGIZE

TO STRATEGIZE CORRECTLY, AN INVESTIGATION ON EACH FORM OF NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS IS VITAL AND INDISPENSABLE

THE NDC IS THE THINK TANK FOR THAT PURPOSE, EXPECTED TO PROVIDE STRATEGIC INTERVENTION ON THE COUNTRY SECURITY

THIS COMPLEXITY A SITUATIONAL PUSH THAT FORCES TANZANIA TO REDEFINED SECURITY THREAT AND RE-CALIBRATES THE CAPABILITIES OF THE NATION’S INSTRUMENTS OF POWER IN LINE WITH NEW CHALLENGE – NDC RESEARCH ISSUE

RESEARCH AGENDA: STRATEGIZING

21ST CENTURY DIGITAL AND INFORMATION AGE ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY, HUMAN RESOURCES SKILLS , CYBER-CRIME- CYBER SECURITY THREATS , DEMANDS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EMERGING INDIAN OCEAN ECONOMY, NEW GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC POWERS , REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMPETITION SADC/ EAC ARE SECURITY CHALLENGES THAT SECURITY STRATEGY MUST CONFRONT 

RESEARCH AGENDA: NATURE OF THREATS

Internal multifaceted security challenges traditional and nontraditional

technological evolution, market liberalization and free market economy,

Geographical sector-wise economic orientation democratization -liberal democracy , multiparty democracy ,

the increasing role of NGOs and human rights groups environmental and climate change concerns the unemployment and youth question urbanization and fragile poor population in slums education and health service gap illicit trade, human trafficking, drug trafficking terrorism, rise of extremism, fundamentalists and violent

groups immigrants spill over effect from crisis in neighbouring

countries especially the Great Lakes Region (GLR)

RESEARCH AGENDA: STRATEGIZING

All these shape Tanzania’s current security complexity and panorama

These are challenge the existence of Tanzania’s nation integrity, sovereignty and its well cherished values of peace and unity.

The threats range from classical traditional ones to the non-traditional ones and therefore constitute new challenge to Tanzania security sector.

a study to investigate the capacity and capability of the existing security architecture in Tanzania to deal with new emerging national security environment by NDC is thus recommended

RESEARCH AGENDA: STRATEGIZING

Security study will examine four areas that reveal deep fault lines due to effect of contemporary challenges and globalization thus affecting Tanzania national security

economy, society, politics and military

RESEARCH MAIN STUDY AREAS

Starting with economy, new economic drives, values and changes has set up in the past twenty years have serious impact on Tanzania security.

Trade, labour, investment and movement of capital and other financial matters, economic crises

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: economy

 economic challenges to national security have changed

In the past one decade Tanzania has witnessed a growing and changing economy with many opportunities

This has brought a shift and relocation of the economic focus from predominantly agriculture based economy, to a mining and natural resources based extractive economy.

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: economy

Discoveries of gas, uranium, coal, iron and other minerals such as gemstones are transforming Tanzania

the traditionally economic potential area, the northern Tanzania is systematically being overtaken by the untapped south and west

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: economy

Shift in the economic system and vibrancy has not only caught Tanzania unprepared security and policy wise but is also propelling new social-political and economic threats

The need for land, land grabbing and land related conflicts have set in

energy, climate, water, food, health, environmental issues and urbanization are security matters.

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: economy

Influx of foreign investors from USA, Europe, Asia and China, calls for investigation.

It calls for a security frame on how to manage both national resources and on how to handle foreign investors versus the local population

resistance by the small artisan miners and local population against the government and foreign investors

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: economy

Caught Unaware in many aspects – policy-wise, strategic-wise, leadership and security wise, Tanzania need a security strategy that addresses the changing economic environment.

The fact that a tilt in economic backbone toward gas economy is in the south, and the Indian Ocean calls for a serious reconsideration of national security strategy.

a holistic security approach to national security is necessary including the repositioning of the military and defence-security instruments

Economy: Security imperatives

 The military defense doctrine must respond to the changing economic driven instead of the ‘liberation’ and political motive that our traditional defence-security was based on in the 1960s-1990s.

New economic tasks and economic-development agenda calls for a review of the country defence and security strategy.

What are the security imperatives of the new economic set up and how the economic growth should be sustained are issues that must be investigated and reflected in the study on Grand National security strategy

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: military

societal security relates to globalization societies and cultures around the world.

global citizens or ‘citizens of the world', with less national identities.

Free movement of people globally = security challenges globally, regionally and nationally transnational crime and other forms of illicit crimes

Terrorist cells and violent extremist groups, drug trafficking, human trafficking, trade in counterfeit goods including medicine, crimes related to cyber security and the proliferation of small and light weapons

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: society

Other societal issues demand for human rights democratic groups ,rise of non-state actors I

The need to protect the nation from foreign aggression has become an obsolete paradigm in the nation security architecture. Non state transnational actors operate without borders from one country to another.

Political parties, elections, NGOs and the media are the groups that have an international connection with impact on internal security.

other non-state actors includes international financial institutions

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: society

Beside economic drive, politically globalisation has made international and regional politics play major part in democratization process and nation politics. Intervention by regional states on good governance excuses as well as on internal conflicts plays an influential role on how the way state behaves.

Non state actors such as Media, NGOs, activist and human right monitors supported by international and regional funding also sets both positive and negative precedence on national security.

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: politics

The Political Parties based democratic platform is probably not friendly and relevant to Africa

Africa has experienced more problems and conflicts instead of peace, security and development

External pressures on political behaviour especially in election and multiparty democratic process have impact on nation interest

Ruling and opposition parties behave in a manner that national interest and national security is not well articulated and observed creating conditions for insecurity.

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: politics

 Politically motivated threats need national security framework on how to address them

Necessity of national security strategy roadmap for a new paradigm the holistic iinteragency team-work and collaboration across all security organs - security sector must work together

Organs: the armed forces, paramilitary units, the police, the intelligence services, the civil authorities mandated to control and oversee these agencies namely the legislatures, judicial systems, defence, finance, interior ministries and national security

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: politics

new frame is very complex security arrangement and it cannot come easily – a study area

How to enhance holistic interagency collaboration for the promotion of the national security is a Grand National security strategy issue.

How the military and non-military organs will work together holistically in a harmonized manner is a major question that must be studied

RESEARCH STUDY AREA: politics

These challenges require paradigm shift in handling Tanzania’s security concerns.

Requires an approach that integrates civil-military leadership and the promotion of interagency collaboration holistic approach to security threats. No single instrument of power can alone resolves security threat and defends Tanzania security in contemporary security complexities.

How this can be achieved and integrated in the Tanzania National Security Strategy ? NDC must investigate 

Handling security issues

Threats to national security have grown They are of various forms: regular, irregular,

disruptive and catastrophic ones Take different shapes global, regional and internal Involve diverse actors mainly state and non-state

actors Though the State and the traditional security

instruments of power remains the primary actor both in international affairs and in confronting state and non-state threats, increasingly the other non-state actors are brought on board

The need to develop a grand national security strategy that integrates delicately the state and human approaches to national security. How to achieve this, NDC Study

Handling security issues

Develop Tanzania’s Grand National Security Strategy is important for Tanzania’s future - survival in 21nd century

NDC research project is intended to achieve this goal

To have a solid GNSS requires studies:◦ security risk assessment◦ threat analysis◦ identify threats, rank and cluster them in ordered

manner basing on national values and national interest ◦ Defence security doctrine etc

The NDC’s central role

Problem

 Explore and scan-through Tanzania’s security environment Identify and analyse security threats in contemporary

Tanzania Map out national instruments of power and their

capabilities in addressing the threats and interagency coordination

Dissect the threats and draw strategies to overcome them Examine the structures and strategies for Tanzania’s 21st

Century GNSS Analyze the way to incorporate various aspects of national

security can be accommodated in the GNSS Map-up GNSS to cater for Tanzania’s national security for

the next 50 years.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Prof. Ernest Wamba dia Wamba Dr. A.R. Mniachi Prof. E. Mwageni Prof. A. Kihombo

EXTERNAL INPUTS

GNSS Defence doctrine Non traditional threats Economic competitiveness Human resource capital

TIPS/INDICATIONS ON RESEARCH AREAS

NDC future as Think Tank in Security and Strategy lie in Research Wing

Research Wing – the jackpot of Teaching, Public Service and Outreach Service, Government Policy and Problem-based Analysis, NDC Income generation, NDC-Industry link for relevant development issues, Course Members research activities

WAY FORWARD

THANK YOU