nebosh igc2 elements 2 (manual and mechanical handling)
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NEBOSH Training MaterialsTRANSCRIPT
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WEEK 2 – ELEMENT 2
Manual and Mechanical Handling
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Manual HandlingMoving or supporting a load by hand or bodily force
External InjuriesCuts, bruises, crush injuries, lacerations
Internal InjuriesTears, hernias, slipped discs
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Over 3 day Injuries Reported
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Sites of Injury: Handling Accidents
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Types of Injury: Handling Accidents
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The Spine
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumber (5)
Protection of the spinal columnProvide point of attachment for ligaments, Tendons, MusclesSupports the skeletal framework
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VertebraVertebra
Intervertebral Intervertebral DiscDisc
Nucleus Nucleus PulposusPulposus
Annulus Annulus FibrosisFibrosis
Act as a hydraulic shock absorberStrong connecting link between vertebraeAllow movement between each vertebra
The Intervertebral Disc
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Guideline FilterThere is no such thing as a completely ‘safe’ manual handling operation. But working within the following guidelines will cut the risk and reduce the need for a more detailed assessment.
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Twisting through from front
Guideline filters reduced by
Twisting 45o 10%
90o 20%
Filters Twisting
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Pushing / Pulling Motion Men Women
Starting a load 20 kg 15 kg
Keeping the load in motion (no more than 20m)
10 kg 7 kg
Filters Pushing and Pulling
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Manual Handling Risk Assessment
Load
Individual
Task
EnvironmentRemember: LITE
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The Load
Physical weight (Heavy) Size (Bulky) Shape (Difficult to grasp) Rigidity (Contents liable to shift) Outside surfaces (Sharp) Stability of contents (Unstable) Other hazards - hot/cold/sharp etc
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The Individual
1) Sex2) Physical strength3) Stature (Physique; Height, etc)4) State of health 5) Level of training6) Hazards to pregnant women 7) Person’s perception of their ability
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The Task
Holding loads away from trunk Twisting/stooping/reaching Large vertical movements Distances involved Strenuous pulling and pushing of load Repetitive handling Unpredictable movement of load Insufficient rest or recovery period A work rate imposed by the process
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The Environment
Lighting (poor) Ventilation (strong air) Obstacles Height of work surfaces Temperature (Hot/Cold) Floor conditions Space available
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Practical Measures to AvoidManual Handling Injuries
a) Avoid Manual Handlingb) Risk Reductionc) Automation & mechanisation d) Team handlinge) Trainingf) Smaller, lighter loadg) Selection (individual and mechanical aid)h) Good Environment (spacing ; flooring; temp;
light)
If load is too heavy get HELP!!!
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Task: 1kg and 2kg packs containing glass jars of finished product were manually lifted from a conveyor belt and placed on a pallet
Scissor lift and turntable
Practical Measures (1)
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Task: Pallets of finished product were shrink-wrapped manually using shrink-film and a shrink-film holder. Usually, one operator would shrink-wrap 30/40 pallets per day.
Automatic shrink-wrapping machine
Practical Measures (2)
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Paving slab lifter
Manhole lifter
Suction pads
Panel lifter
Manual Handling Aids (1)
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Hydraulic sack truck
Conventional sack trucks
Stair climber sack trucks
Manual Handling Aids (2) Trucks
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Platform truckPallet truck
Manual Handling Aids (3) Trucks
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Manual Handling Aids (4)
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Hoists Hoist and RollPanel Lifter
Manual Handling Aids (5)
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Drum trolley Drum grip
Manual Handling Aids (6)
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Hoddi
Ladder hoist
Manual Handling Aids (7)
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Floor crane Mobile gantry
Manual Handling Aids (8)
Lifting Devices
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Roller table Shifting skates
Manual Handling Aids (9)
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Manual Handling Aids (10)
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Correct Handling Technique
1) Appropriate clothing2) Assess Load3) Position of feet4) Grip the load5) Lift load
6) Able to see where load is to be moved to7) Avoid twisting body8) Set down load
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Lifting Equipment/Accessories (Tackle)
Shackles
Four leg sling
Two leg sling
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Types of Crane
Overhead
Tower
Mobile
Gantry
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Overhead Travelling Cranes
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Gantry Crane
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Tower Cranes
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Tower Crane (2)
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Mobile Cranes
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Mobile Cranes Crane Suitability Ground Conditions Outriggers Obstructions Overhead Power Lines Protected Area Suitable lifting tackle Correct Slinging Competence of personnel Load near ground if
travelling Good Visibility and
Communications Monitoring wind speed
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Cranes – Main Hazards
Overturning Overloading Collision Failure of Support Loss of Load Failure of load bearing part High winds
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Crane Accidents (1) (Gantry)
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Crane Accidents (2) (Tower)
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A driver who deliberately overloaded his crane by 20% escaped unhurt when it overturned - he leapt clear from the cab, but the damage to the crane was estimated at $120,000.
Crane Accident (3) (Mobile)
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Crane Accidents (4) (Mobile)
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Crane Accidents (5) (Mobile)
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Safety Measures using Cranes Pre-use check Adequate strength Safe working load Load indicators Rated capacity indicator Rated capacity limiter Load lifting device Controls Over travel switches Safe Access Operating position No passengers Lifting attachments
tested/examined
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Employee Safety During Lifting Not exceeding safe working load
Trained Personnel (crane operators etc.)
Good communication
Properly maintained equipment
Equipment has undergone statutory inspection
Correct and free from defects lifting accessories
Ensuring load is secure
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Employee Safety During Lifting Warning of lift taking place Path free from obstacles Avoid overhead power lines All personnel clear of load Lift load vertically Lift load to correct height Move at appropriate speed Put down in safe position and
release tension Safety Helmets Adequate supervision
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Beams
Pulley blocks
Chain slings
Rope slings
Textile slings
Hooks
Rings
Shackles
Eyebolts
Lifting Accessories (Lifting Tackle)
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Lifting Accessories (Tackle) HazardsOverloadingUsing makeshift attachmentsIncorrect slinging arrangementsDamaged attachments :
• Textile slings – damaged, cut, abraded or stretched
• Chains – deformed, cracked or stretched links
• Broken wires or kinks No examination or pre-use
inspectionDamage to accessories during use Lack of training
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a) All accessories properly certificated/tested
b) Properly inspected by a competent person
c) Safe working load clearly marked
d) Inspection prior to use
e) No repair to accessories on site
f) Not to be used for unintended purpose
g) Packing between accessory and load
h) Properly stored after use
i) Training for staff in safe use
Precautions when using accessories
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a) Lifting Equipment Sufficient strength, tested Thorough examination Inspected at regular intervals Suitably markedb) Lifting Operations Planned and supervised Correctly positioned Loads not carried over persons Good visibility and communication
Safety in Lifting Operations
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Chain hoist Patient hoistGoods hoist
Hoists
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Regular maintenance Training and refresher training for all operators Carry out hoist operation from one position Driver must have good visibility of landings Clear signals/audible warning be given prior to
lifting operation Goods properly secured, no loose items of
material in goods lift Gates correctly and properly secured before
lifting
Control measures on use of Hoist
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a) Controls only operated from one position b) Clear visibility of landingsc) Clear signalsd) Secure objects being carried on goods
hoistse) Items not overfilledf) Do not carry loose itemsg) No passengers on goods liftsh) Safe working loads clearly markedi) Hoist properly examined and testedj) Suitable fencing and gates at all levelsk) Training staff in use of hoists
Precautions when using hoists
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Belt Screw Roller
Conveyors
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Trapping Contact Entanglement Striking Impact Items falling off Slips Manual handling Noise
Hazards of Conveyors
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Fixed/interlocked guards Side guards Trip wires emergency stop buttons Safe access Avoiding loose clothing, etc Restricted access Head protection Regular maintenance
Hazard Control Measures
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