DR. MUZAFFAR AHMAD

26TH AUGUST 2012 ,GOA

The different

Faces of

Disasters and

Emergencies

Disasters: Global Scenario

•Disasters-natural or man-made are common throughout

the world.

• Threats to people assume serious proportions in the

under developed countries with dense population.

• More than 200 worst natural disasters have occurred in

the world during the second half of the 20th Century and

claimed lives of around 1.4 million people.(source MHA

Doc)

• Losses due to natural disasters are 20 times greater (as %

of GDP) in the developing countries.

Source: CRED March 07 ‘CRED CRUNCH’ Newsletter

Asien

Americas

Africa

Oceania

Europa

Disaster Mortality By Region

Asia continues to bear the brunt

of both natural and man-made disasters

Damaged Infrastructure

(Sri Lanka Floods 2003)

Casualties and Stress Amongst Local Officials

(Bam, Iran 2003)

HAITI EARTHQUAKE 2010

TSUNAMI 2011 - JAPAN

Disaster Trends

EMERGING TRENDS IN DISASTER PATTERNS:

•90 per cent of natural disaster related deaths occur in

developing countries.

•Now more disasters occur but fewer people die in

proportion.

•More population is affected and economic losses are

increasing.

•Hazards and vulnerability is constantly shaped by

dynamic and complex socio-economic and ecological

processes compounded by stresses felt within individual

societies.

•Pace of modern life has also introduced new forms of

vulnerabilities related to technological developments

•Population growth and increased rural/urban migration,

act as dynamic pressures contributing to changing

patterns.

•Phenomena like El Niño/La Niña, climate change and

the potential for rising sea levels pose new threat

dimension.

•Biological hazards in the forms of pest infestations,

human disease epidemics and pandemics on the rise.

EMERGING TRENDS continued….

58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to high intensity

Over 40 million hectares (12% of land) is prone to Floods & River Erosion

12% government revenue spent on relief and rehabilitation

2% GDP loss

Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700

km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis

68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to Drought

MAJOR

NATURAL

DISASTERS

Earthquake, Gujarat

26th January, 2001

Tsunami, Tamil Nadu

26th December, 2004

Kosi floods 2008, Cyclone Aila 2009

Andhra, Karnataka floods

2009

Cloudburst in Leh –August 2010- 200

deaths

Floods, Punjab 1993, 359 lives lost Earthquake, Chamoli

March 99, 100 lives lost

Earthquake, Uttarkasshi Oct. 91, 2000 lives lost

Heatwave, Uttar Pradesh, May-June 95, 566 lives lost

Floods, North Bihar & Assam Annual Feature

Earthquake, Jabalpur May 97, 39 lives lost

Super Cyclone, Orissa Oct. 99, Over 10,000 lives lost

Cyclone, Andhra Pradesh May 90, 962 lives lost Dec.96, 971 lives lost

Earthquake, Latur Sep. 93, 9475 lives lost

Cyclone, Tamil Nadu Dec. 93, 61 lives lost

Floods, Kerala May- Oct. 94

Cyclone, Gujarat June 98, 3500 lives lost

S. No. DISASTER EVENT YEAR DEAD REMARKS

1. LATUR EARTHQUAKE 1993 7,928

2. ORISSA SUPER CYCLONE 1999 10,000

3. GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE 2001 25,000

4. TSUNAMI 2004 10,479

5. MAHARASHTRA FLOODS 2005 1,094

6. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 2005 1,360

7. KOSI FLOODS 2008 527

8. CYCLONE NISHA 2008 204

9. NATURAL DISASTERS 2009 1,677

10. NATURAL DISASTERS 2010 2,310

UNNATURAL DEATHS IN INDIA IN 2009 -ANALYSIS

The Disaster Management Act 2005, defines disaster as “a

catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.”

United Nations -“the occurrence of sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of the society or community.”

Hydro-metrological:

floods

tropical cyclones

rain/wind/dust storms

drought

desertification

wild land fires

extreme temperatures

Biological:

Outbreaks of

epidemic diseases

plant or animal

contagion

insect plagues and

extensive infestations.

Geological:

Earthquakes

tsunamis

volcanic activity

landslides

avalanches

mud flows

cloudburst

• Chemical

• Biological

• Radiological

• Nuclear

• Transport (Air/Railways/Road traffic/Marine)

• Urban Flooding – One of the major causes

• Riots/Civic Disturbances

• Terrorism

LEVEL 1 – the local disaster response

management is adequate

LEVEL 2 – support is required from regional

resources – state, province

LEVEL 3: support is required from national

resources

LEVEL 4 – support is required from

international resources

A single “all hazards” plan

A comprehensive approach ▪ Prevention and mitigation

▪ Preparedness

▪ Response

▪ Recovery

Integration of agencies and organizations

Community Preparedness

APPROACH

Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and Integrated

Approach.

Backed by – Institutional Framework and Legal Authority.

Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e.,

Response Fund and Mitigation Fund.

DM STRUCTURE

NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon‟ble PM as Chairperson.

DM Structure – At all three levels i.e. National, State and District.

National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and

Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of

NDMA.

• Lay down Policies on Disaster Management;

• Approve the National Plan;

• Approve Plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of

the Government of India in accordance with the National

Plan;

• Lay down Guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities

in drawing up the States Plan;

• Lay down Guidelines to be followed by the different

Ministries or Department of the Government of India for the

purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of

disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development

plans and projects;

POWER & FUNCTIONS OF THE NDMA

• Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the Policy

and Plan for Disaster Management;

• Recommend provision of Funds for the purpose of

Mitigation;

• Provide such support to other countries affected by major

disasters as may be determined by the Central Government;

• Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster, or

the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for

dealing with the threatening disaster situation or disaster as

it may consider necessary;

• Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of

the National Institute of Disaster Management.

….. POWER & FUNCTIONS OF NDMA

Disaster Management is a multi-disciplinary process, all Central

Ministries and Departments will have a key role in the field of

disaster management.

Nodal Ministries and Departments of Government of India will

address specific disasters as assigned to them as :-

(i) Drought - Ministry of Agriculture.

(ii) Epidemics & Biological Disaster - Ministry of Health.

(iii) Chemical Disaster - Ministry of Environment.

(iv) Nuclear Accidents & Leakages - Dept. of Atomic Energy.

(v) Railway Accidents - Ministry of Railways.

(vi) Air Accidents - Ministry of Civil Aviation.

(vii) Natural Disasters & Civil Strife - Ministry of Home Affairs.

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

• Guidelines on Pandemic Preparedness Beyond

Health.

22 Apr 08.

• Cyclones. 24 Apr 08.

• Biological. 22 Aug 08.

• Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies

(Unclassified, Part – I).

24 Feb 09.

• Guidelines for Disaster Response Training at the

Centre & States – NDRF & SDRFs.

Mar 09.

• Landslides & Snow Avalanches. 23 Jun 09.

• Chemical Terrorism Disasters. 04 Aug 09.

• Psycho Social and Mental Health Care. 20 Jan 10.

• Incident Response System. 21 Jul 10.

• Strengthening of Safety and Security for

Transportation of POL Tankers.

26 Jul 10.

TASKS ACCOMPLISHED

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

• Threats to Municipal Water Supply and Water Reservoirs. 26 Jul 10.

• Mechanism to Detect, Prevent and Respond to

Radiological Emergencies in India.

11 Aug 10.

• Management of the Dead in the Aftermath of Disaster. 17 Aug 10.

• Minimum Standards of Relief –

Food in Relief Camps.

Sanitation & Hygiene in Disaster Relief.

Water Supply in Relief Camps.

Medical Cover in Relief Camps.

30 Aug 10.

• Tsunami. 03 Sep 10.

• Drought. Handed over to

Secretary

Agriculture on

24 Sep 10.

• Role of NGOs in Disaster Management Handed over on

24 Sep 10.

• Urban Flooding 27 Sep 2010.

TASKS ACCOMPLISHED

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

TASKS ACCOMPLISHED

• National Policy on Disaster Management (DM) – Approved by the

Government on

22 Oct 09.

Guidelines Issued

27

• Guidelines for NIDM‟s Functioning. 13 Apr 06.

• Recommendations on Revamping of CD & Fire

Services.

Dec 06.

• Earthquakes. 16 May 07.

• Chemical (Industrial) Disasters. 28 May 07.

• Formulation of State DM Plans. 16 Aug 07.

• Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty

Management.

14 Nov 07.

• Floods. 17 Jan 08.

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

• Curriculum for Training of Civil Defence.

• Community Based Disaster Management.

• National Guidelines on Communication & Information Network.

• Nuclear – Radiological – Part II (Classified.)

• Micro Finance & Risk Insurance.

• Role of NGOs in Disaster Management.

• Post Disaster Reconstruction.

• Protection of Cultural Heritage & Monuments.

• Training Curriculum for Civil Defence.

• Fire Services.

ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES

1. Guidelines – Under Finalization.

So what to do ? ……

LOCAL CAPACITIES NEED REINFORCEMENT AND

AUGMENTATION

????????????????

DO WE HAVE SOME SOLUTIONS ???

Search & Rescue

First Aid

Transfer/Evacuate to Medical institutions

Restoration of Essential services eg Medical services, Water, Electricity, Communication networks, etc

Provision of Minimum Standards of Disaster in Relief Camps eg. Food, Drinking water, Shelter, Sanitation, Medical cover

Disposal of Dead bodies

Prevention of Epidemics

Debris Removal

Individual

Enabling environm-

ent

Organiz-

ational

Community EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONARIES (ESFs) Police Fire & Emergency Services Civil Defence Home Guards State Disaster Response Force Youth Organisations National Service Scheme

National Cadet Corps

Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan

NGOs

TRAINED

DART

PREPOSITIONED

STOCKPILES

EFFECTIVE

COMMUNICATIONS

RAPID

MOBILISATION

DRILLS

AND

PROCEDURES

FORCE

MULTIPIERS EMERGENCY

FUNDS

AREAS FOR TRAINING IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE

ARMED FORCES NDRF TRAININGS BY NIDM TRAININGS BY STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRES TRAININGS BY NCDC AND NFSC PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION

CAMPAIGNS EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SCHOOL SAFETY COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL/SECTOR SPECIFIC TRAININGS FOR

STAKEHOLDERS (HAZARD SPECIFIC) CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS MOCK DRILLS

Armed Forces are called when the situation is beyond the coping capacity of the Civil Administration.

Form Core of the Government‟s Response Capacity and tend to be First Responders in addition to the initiatives of NDRF & SDRF

Assisting in fields of Capacity Development & Preparedness:- NBC Training Heliborne insertion High Altitude Rescue Diving / Rescue in water Participation in Mock Exercise

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF NDRF BNS

• 10 Bns : 3 each from BSF & CRPF and 2 each from CISF & ITBP

Each Bn authorized 1150 personnel

Each Bn has 18 specialist teams of 45 members to handle natural & NBC disasters

Each team of 45 has 1 Doctor, 2 Engineers, 2 paramedics, 1 technician, 1 electrician & 1 dog squad

Total No.- 18 teams x 10Bns = 180 teams

A multi-disciplinary, Multi-skilled high-tech Force

capable of responding to all natural disasters &

CBRN emergencies

Trained & Equipped as per International Standards

of INSARAG (UN OCHA, Geneva)

Pro-actively available to states

NDRF : SPECIAL FEATURES

Dedicated exclusively for Disaster Response

No country in the world has such large Force

(1100+ personnel/ 180 teams) dedicated for

Disaster Response only

NDRF:SPECIAL FEATURES

1. Search & Rescue : (Earthquake)

* INSARAG (UNOCHA) Trg. Standard

* ADPC, Bangkok

* USAID : PEER Programme

* Swiss Development Corpn, Berne

* Adv. SAR Trg. Florida (USA)

2. Canine : (Earthquake)

* Adv. Dog Handlers Trg. SDC, Berne

3. Helislithering : IAF Base, Nahan (HQ) 4. Under Water Rescue * Life saving society, Kolkata * Sea Explorer Institute, Kolkata 5. NBC Emergencies

* College of Military Engineering, Pune * DRDE Gwalior * Singapore Civil Def. Academy * Organisation for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The Hague (Netherlands)

Disaster Response:

Deployed in 125 operations so far.

Saved/ Rescued 2,33,494 lives & retrieved 667 bodies

Kosi Flood (Aug 2008): saved/ rescued 1,05,000 people

CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT IN PARTNERSHIP WITH IGNOU FOR PRIs

AUDIO-VISUAL CAMPAIGNS (HAZARD SPECIFIC)

EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS CAMPAIGN CYCLONE AWARENESS CAMPAIGN FLOOD AWARENESS CAMPIAGN INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND

COMMUNICATION (IEC) ACTIVITIES IN ALL STATES AND UTs

Certified Medical First Responders (MFRs) will be :-

Fully trained in resuscitation,

triage and Basic Life Support;

Well-equipped and supported by all emergency services and material logistics;

Informed continuously about the dynamics of the disaster, based on indicators;

Communication backups at the Incident Response site to handle all kinds of Mass Casualty events within the golden hour .

PRE-HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITAL SAFETY HOSPITAL CONTINGENCY PLANNING SKILL DEVELOPMENT TRAININGS LIKE

ATLS, ATCN, PHTLS, BDLS, ACLS, ADLS EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES HOSPITAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MASS CASUALTY MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES

Hospital DM Plan will be a part of “all hazard” District DM Plan catering to :-

Emergency medicines, Crisis Expansion of Beds, Coordinated structured

framework with detailed actions and roles of each health care provider

Emergency Support Functions

Rehearsed twice a year through Mock Drills

Networking with Private Medical establishments

o On-site management of mass casualties.

o Self-contained hospital capable of providing advanced life-

support facilities at the Incident site having an Operation

Theatre, X-ray facilities, Central Sterile Supply Department,

Laboratories, and Acute wards.

o Capacity of hospital beds can be enhanced.

Integrated Ambulance Network (IAN)

including road, rail, aerial and water

ambulance networks integrated at various

levels.

Equipped with :-

Personnel trained in Basic Life Support.

Basic Life saving equipment and drugs.

It will work in conjunction with:-

Emergency Response Centres (ERCs),

Medical services, and

Evacuation Plan of district, based on the

Public-Private Partnership model.

69

SCHOOL AWARENESS AND SAFETY PROGRAMME - A step towards school safety

Promoting

Awareness and

Education

activities

Demonstrating

Disaster Risk

Management - School

Disaster Management

Plan and Mock drills

Training and

Capacity

Building

Structural and

Non - Structural

Risk Reduction

TAKING ACTION IN SCHOOLS

Community being the First Responder for any disaster or

emergency

Mechanism to incorporate community best practices to develop a

resilient community

Capacity Development of ASHA/VLH&S Committees/RKS/AWW

Capacity Development of Railway functionaries at Railway

Stations, Security Guards in RWA

Capacity Development of Civil Defence volunteers,

NCC/NSS/NYKS

Development of Certified Medical First Responders

Total Mock Exercises Done so far - 482 States/UT covered - 35 Districts covered - 141 MAH Industries Covered - 101 Petroleum Industries - 22 Industries Sensitized - 196. Industrial workers trained - 1,78,000 Community sensitized - 6.25 (industries)/>23.9 lac (overall) „On-site‟ Plans made/revisited - 1854/1783 „Off-site‟ Plans formulated - 300/190. Extensive coverage by print & electronic media. NDMA conducted mocks for CWG, Hockey World Cup, Cricket World

Cup, IPL, DMRC, Kolkata Metro, DIAL, BIAL, Formula 1, INSARAG Regional Exercise on Earthquake. School Safety Demonstration Project

Increased demand from States, Public and even from private sector.

DEMEx - Scheduled for Delhi, HEMEx - Scheduled for Hyderabad GEMEx = Scheduled for Guwahati, KEMEx – Scheduled for Kolkata

CEMEx = Conducted b/w 4th and 8th August 2011 at Chennai

Urban millions live in an increasingly volatile environment which is susceptible to both manmade and natural calamities leading to unprecedented humanitarian crises.

Twenty-three urban centers in India have more than a million

inhabitants, and 30% to 40% of urban dwellers are estimated to live in poverty, even more alarming is the fact that urban poverty is often underestimated

The efforts seek to examine and strengthen Urban Emergency Response in Cities.

Mass sensitization and public awareness on Urban

Emergency Management Services (U-EMS)

Capacity enhancement of different stakeholders

involved in emergency management and response

Test interagency communication, coordination and

interoperability.

Assess and recommend areas for reinforcement

and improvement.

Perspective plan (long term) for U-EMS in the city

Around 12-16 different parallel learning tracks are

implemented to over 1000 people for about 5 to 6 days

followed by two rounds of joint simulations.

5 to 6 days city wide learning exercises followed by

development needs assessment within different agencies.

Followed up by preparation of a 5 year coordinated

perspective plan for U-EMS for the city. (long term)

This multi-disciplinary training and exercise fosters the

development of skill sets focused on emergency management

during mass casualty events, while providing an opportunity for

local agencies to work together and practice a multi-

disciplinary, coordinated response to a local disaster.

The train-the-trainer approach of the course and drill enables

local partners to eventually replicate the training and drill

elsewhere in the region.

The course and drill helps identify the strengths and

weaknesses of the City's emergency management plans and

helps to better prepare the involved city for future events.

1. Strengthening Early Warning Systems

2. Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into

flagship schemes

3. Capacity Building within Government and

communities.

WITH NGOS &

OTHER

STAKEHOLDERS

26TH AUGUST 2012

THANK YOU

FOR

YOUR KIND ATTENTION