need to knows: year 9 (4ème) - turton school
TRANSCRIPT
Need to knows:
Year 9 (4ème)
Nom: ………………………………………………
Classe: ……………
Prof: ………………………………
LOGIN DETAILS:
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My “Need-to-Know” test will be once a fortnight on: ...................
This booklet is jam-packed, full of useful vocabulary,
phrases and grammar that will help you become a
successful language learner.
Contents
Page Page
TV programs 3 What can you do? 27
Time phrases (TV) 4 In my house 28
Online activities 5 My old house (past) 29
Cinema 6 My ideal house (conditional) 30
Household chores 7 Body parts 31
Time 8 Injuries & illnesses 32
Infinitive structures 9 Phrases to impress 33-34
Morning Routine 10 Core Language 35-37
Present Tense 11Articles (definite and indefinite)
& Alphabet38
Last Weekend 12 Numbers 39
Past Tense (Activities) 13 Prepositions 40
Jouer & Faire 14 Adjectives 41-43
Sport 15-16 Reasons 45
Sport opinions 17 High frequency words 46-48
To be a good sportsperson 18 Present tense 49-55
To be more active 19 Perfect Tense (Past) 56-62
Food & Drink 20-21 Future tense 63-64
Keeping fit 22-23 Conditional tense 65
Time phrases (health) 24 Imperfect tense (Past) 66
Where I live 25 Pronouns 67-68
Describing my area 26 Websites 69
2
3
QU’EST-CE QUE TU
REGARDES À LA TÉLÉ?
WHAT DO YOU WATCH
ON TV?
Mod 1
J'aime / Je n'aime pas... I like / I don't like...
les comédies comedies
les dessins animés cartoons
les documentaires documentaries
les feuilletons soaps
les infos the news
les jeux télévisés gameshows
les séries (policières) (police) series
les émissions de... ...programmes
cuisine cookery
musique music
sport sport
science-fiction science fiction
télé-réalité reality
parce qu'ils/elles sont... because they are...
ridicules ridiculous
divertissants / divertissantes entertaining
intéressants / intéressamtes interesting
passionnants / passionnantes exciting
pleins / pleines d'action full of action
ennuyeux / ennuyeuses boring
nuls / nulles rubbish
marrants / marrantes funny
bêtes stupid
Learning Due Date: ______________________
4
TU REGARDES LA TÉLÉ? DO YOU WATCH TV?
Qu’est-ce que tu fais
normalement? Do you normally do?
Normalement normally
J’écoute de la musique I listen to music
Je lis des BD I read comics
Nous jouons en ligne We play online
Qu’est-ce que tu as fait le
weekend dernier?
What did you do last
weekend?
Je suis allé(e) I went
J’ai choisi de… I chose to…
Qu’est-ce que tu vas faire le
weekend prochain?
What are you going to do
next weekend?
Je vais regarder I am going to watch
On va voir We are going to see
Je regarde la télé... I watch TV...
avant les cours before lessons
tous les soirs every evening
le weekend at the weekend
dans le salon in the living room
dans le bus on the bus
dans ma chambre in my bedroom
avec ma famille with my family
seul / seule alone
Learning Due Date: ______________________
5
QU’EST-CE QUE TU FAIS EN
LIGNE?
WHAT DO YOU DO
ONLINE?
Mon portable My mobile
Mon ordinateur portable My laptop
On peut You can (general “ you ”)
on peut télécharger de la
musique My laptop
mon portable est plus rapide que
mon ordinateur
My mobile is faster than my
computer
mon portable est moins rapide
que mon ordinateur
My mobile is less fast than
my computer
mon portable est aussi rapide
que mon ordinateurMy mobile is as fast as my
computer
Je regarde... I watch...
des chaînes sur YouTube YouTube channels
à la demande, sur Netflix on demand, on Netflix
sur mon smartphone on my smartphone
sur mon ordinateur on my computer
sur ma tablette on my tablet
c'est facile it's easy
c'est varié it's varied
ce n'est pas cher it's not expensive
j'écoute de la musique en streaming I stream music
je télécharge des chansons I download songs
je crée des playlists I create playlists
je joue sur ma Xbox I play on my Xbox
j'achète des jeux et je joue en ligne I buy games and play online
Learning Due Date: ______________________
6
TU VEUX ALLER AU
CINÉMA?
DO YOU WANT TO GO TO
THE CINEMA?
Je vais au cinéma I go to the cinema
Tu viens? Are you coming?
Ça dépend. Qu'est-ce que tu vas voir? It depends. What are you going to see?
Je vais regarder... I'm going to see...
une comédie a comedy
un film d'animation an amimated film
un film romantique a romantic film
un film d'action an action film
un film d'horreur a horror film
Il y a une séance à 14h There's a screening at 2pm
Bonne idée! Je veux bien. Good idea! I'd like to.
Tu rigoles! You're joking!
Je n'ai pas envie I don't want to.
Désolé(e). Je ne peux pas ce soir. Sorry. I can't this evening.
Rendez-vous où et à quelle heure? Where and when shall we meet?
Chez moi / Chez toi At mine / At yours
à 19h At 7pm
À plus See you later
à demain See you tomorrow
à samedi See you Saturday
Je peux vous aider? Can I help you?
Je voudrais trois billets pour... I would like 3 tickets for...
Deux adultes et un enfant Two adults and one child
Ça fait combien? How much is it?
C'est quelle salle? Which screen?
Learning Due Date: ______________________
7
QU’EST-CE QUE TU FAIS À
LA MAISON POUR AIDER?
WHAT ARE YOU DOING
AT HOME TO HELP OUT?
Je dois I have to
Je ne dois pas I don’t have to
Il/ elle doit He/ She has to
Il/elle ne doit pas He/she doesn’t have to
Je peux I can
Je ne peux pas I can’t
Je ne fais rien I don’t do anything
Mod 2
On doit... We / People must...
Je dois... I must...
Ma sœur / Mon frère doit... My sister / My brother must...
garder ma sœur look after my sister
garder mon frère look after my brother
ranger ma chambre tidy my room
rapporter l'eau collect the water
laver la voiture wash the car
faire la cuisine do the cooking
faire la vaisselle do the washing-up
faire la lessive do the washing
nourrir les animaux feed the animals
Learning Due Date: ______________________
8
QUELLE HEURE EST-IL? WHAT TIME IS IT?
Il est…..heure(s) It is ……. o’clock
Il est midi It is 12 (noon)
Il est minuit It is 12 (mignight)
à huit heures at 8 o’clock
Learning Due Date: ______________________
9
I want Je veux
I can Je peux
You (one) can On peut
You (one) must On doit
I have to Je dois
I wish/want J’ai envie de
I would like Je voudrais
I am going Je vais
Before …ing Avant de
I decided J’ai décidé de
I would prefer Je préférerais
It’s important Il est important
my mum makes me Ma mère me fait
I hope J’espère
I’ve always
dreamed of
J’ai toujours rêvé de
Instead of Au lieu de
My parents let me Mes parents me
laissent
they stop me FROM Ils m’interdisent de
me coucher – to go to bed
me changer– to get changed
manger – to have tea
prendre le petit-déjeuner –
to have breakfast
me réveiller– to wake up
dormir – to sleep
m’endormir – to fall asleep
me doucher – to shower
aller au collège– to go to
school
me laver – to have a wash
me lever – to get up
gouter - to have a snack (sl)
promener le chien– to walk
the dog
me relaxer – to relax
me presser- to be in a hurry
m’habiller - to get dressed
rentrer à la maison– to
return home
INFINITIVE STRUCTURES (STRUCTURES THAT USE
AN INFINITIVE AFTER)
Learning Due Date: ______________________
10
CE QUE JE FAIS LE MATIN WHAT I DO IN THE MORNING
déjeuner To have lunch
prendre un bain To have a bath
se brosser les cheveux To brush your hair
prendre le petit-déjeuner To have breakfast
se réveiller To wake up
se doucher To have a shower
durer To last
aller au collège To go to school
se laver (les dents) To wash / clean your teeth
se lever To get up
arriver To arrive
en arrivant On arriving
se maquiller To put on make up
se peigner To comb/ brush your hair
grignoter To snack on
s’habiller To get dressed
rarement Rarely
puis Then / later
immédiatement Immediately
tout de suite Straightaway
être pressé(e) To be in a hurry
je me lève I get up
je prends le petit
déjeuner
I have breakfast
je me douche I have a shower
je me coiffe I do my hair
je m'habille I get dressed
je me lave les
dents
I clean my teeth
je quitte la
maison
I leave the
house
je me lave I have a wash
je me couche I go to bed
Learning Due Date: ______________________
11
I ME
You TE
S/He SE
We NOUS
You pl VOUS
They SE
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Se réveiller: to wake up
Je me réveille
Tu te réveilles
Il se réveille
Nous nous réveillons
Vous vous réveillez
Ils se réveillent
Learning Due Date: ______________________
12
CE QUE J’AI FAIT LE
WEEKEND DERNIERWHAT I DID LAST WEEKEND
Arriver à la maison * to arrive home
Rentrer à la maison* to return home
Se changer * to get changed
Se mettre en pyjamas * to get undressed
S’endormir * to fall asleep / to oversleep
dormir to sleep
Se mettre au lit * to lie down / to go to bed
Faire la grasse matinée to have a lie-in
travailler to work
Faire la cuisine to make food
diner to have tea /evening meal
Se démaquiller * to take your make-up off
Se relaxer to relax
Trainer to hang out
Faire de l’exercice to exercise
Promener le chien to walk the dog
Sortir * to go out
Passer du temps to spend time
Faire le ménage to do the cleaning
Gouter to have a snack
*takes être in the past tense instead of avoir
Learning Due Date: ______________________
13
Learning Due Date: ______________________
jouer = to play
je joue I gplay
tu joues You play (Fam./sing.)
il/ elle joue He/She plays
nous jouons We play
vous jouez You play (plural /polite)
ils/elles jouent They play (m) (f)
Je fais I do
Tu fais You do (Fam./sing.)
il/elle fait He/she does
nous faisons We do
vous faites You do (plural / polite)
ils/elles font They (m) (f) do
Faire= to do
14
Mod 3
Learning Due Date: ______________________
Quels sports fais-tu? What sports do you do?
Je fais… I do…
de l’athlétisme athletics
du vélo bike riding
du roller roller skating
du patin à glace ice skating
du skate skateboarding
du parkour parkour
de l’équitation horse riding
de la danse dancing
de la natation swimming
de la gymnastique gymnastics
des promenades (go) for walks
Je joue… I play..
au badminton badminton
au rugby rugby
au basket basketball
au tennis tennis
au foot football
au hockey hockey
au volley 15
TU FAIS DU SPORT? DO YOU DO A SPORT?
15
Learning Due Date: ______________________
16
QUEL SPORT PEUT-ON
FAIRE A BOLTON?
WHAT SPORTS CAN
YOU DO IN BOLTON?
Dans ma ville / mon village, il y a... In my town / my village, there
is/are...
beaucoup de lots of
peu de few / not many
possiblités sportives sporting possibilities
une salle de fitness a gym
On peut jouer... You can play...
au basket / au billard basketball / pool
au foot / au football football
au handball / au hockey handball / hockey
au rugby / au tennis rugby / tennis
au tennis de table / au ping-pong table tennis / ping pong
au volleyball volleyball
à la pétanque / aux boules boules
On peut faire... You can do...
du cyclisme / du vélo cycling
du judo / du patin à glace judo / ice-skating
du ski skiing
de la danse / de la gymnastique dance / gymnastics
de la musculation weight training
de la voile / de la plache à voile sailing / windsurfing
de l'athlétisme / de l'équitation athletics / horse-riding
des arts martiaux martial arts
Je suis membre d'un club I am a member of a club
Je m'entraîne deux fois par semaine I train twice a week
Learning Due Date: ______________________
17
QUEL SPORT
PRÉFÈRES-TU?
WHAT SPORTS DO
YOU PREFER?
Je trouve le tennis / la
gymnastique...
I find tennis / gymnastics...
amusant(e) fun
compliqué(e) complicated
divertissant(e) entertaining
fatigant(e) tiring
intéressant(e) interesting
passionnant(e) exciting
relaxant(e) relaxing
violent(e) violent
ennuyeux / ennuyeuse boring
difficile difficult
facile easy
À mon avis / Pour moi... In my opinion / For me...
le footing est plus facile que
la natation
jogging is easier than
swimming
la voile est moins amusante
que le ski
sailing is less fun than skiing
Learning Due Date: ______________________
18
POUR ÊTRE UN BON
SPORTIF…
IN ORDER TO BE A
GOOD SPORTS PERSON
Il faut... It is necessary...
travailler dur to work hard
manger équilibré to eat healthily
boire beaucoup d'eau to drink lots of water
avoir de l'assurance to be confident
être motivé(e) et déterminé(e) to be motivated and determined
aller à la salle de fitnes to go to the gym
dormir huit heures par nuit to sleep for 8 hours a night
faire d'autres activités aussi to also do other activities
Il ne faut pas... You must not...
fumer des cigarettes smoke cigarettes
consommer de drogue take drugs
Sur la photo il y a... In the photo there is / are...
des athlètes some athletes
des joueurs some players
Ils / Elles They...
participent à are taking part in
jouent are playing
portent are wearing
une course a race
un maillot de course a running vest
un maillot de basket a basketball shirt
Il / Ellle marque un panier He/She is scoring a basket
Learning Due Date: ______________________
19
Review use of present future together
TENSE TIME PHRASES EXAMPLES
Present • aujourd’hui = today
• en ce moment = at the moment
• maintenant = now
• d’habitude = usually
• Normalement = normally
• en général = generally
• parfois / quelquefois = sometimes
• deux fois par semaine = twice a week
• le matin = in the morning
• le soir = in the evening
• depuis = since / for
Je fais du sport après
l’école
Je joue au football
Je fais de la natation
depuis cinq ans
Je regarde la télé
Future • ce soir = tonight
• demain = tomorrow
• après-demain = the day after tomorrow
• dans deux semaines = in two weeks
• le week-end prochain = next weekend
• l’été prochain = next summer
• la semaine prochaine = next week
• l’année prochaine = next year
• pendant les grandes vacances = during
the summer holidays
• à l’avenir = in the future
J’ai l’intention de
devenir member de
l’éuuipe de handball du
college
J’espère voir un film au
cinema
Je vais jouer au football
trois fois par semaine
POUR ÊTRE PLUS ACTIFIN ORDER TO BE MORE
ACTIVE
D'habitude je regarde la télé le soir mais il faut s'entrainer dur
alors la semaine prochaine je vais jouer au foot trois fois par
semaine.
Usually, I watch TV at night but you have to train hard, so next
week, I’m going to play football three times a week.
Learning Due Date: ______________________
20
QU’EST-CE QUE TU
AIMES MANGER/BOIRE?
WHAT DO YOU LIKE TO
EAT/DRINK?
La nourriture Food
les boissons Drink
du beurre Butter
du fromage Cheese
du lait Milk
du pain Bread
du poisson Fish
du poulet Chicken
du yaourt Yogurt
de la confiture Jam
de la glace Ice-cream
de la viande Meat
de l’eau (f) Water
des bananes Bananas
des fraises Strawberries
des œufs Eggs
des pêches Peaches
des poires Pears
des pommes Apples
des pommes de terre potatoes
Mod 4
Learning Due Date: ______________________
21
QU’EST-CE QUE TU
MANGES/BOIS?
WHAT DO YOU
EAT/DRINK?
Les repas meals
Qu’est-ce que tu prends pour
le petit-déjeuner?
What do you have for breakfast?
Qu’est-ce que tu manges à
midi?
What do you eat at
lunchtime?
Qu’est-ce que tu manges What do you have as a
snack?
Qu’est-ce que tu manges le
soir?
What do you eat in the
evening?
Qu’est-ce que tu bois? What do you drink?
Pour le petit-déjeuner.. For breakfast …
À midi, … At lunchtime …
Comme casse-croûte.. As a snack …
Je prends/je mange … I have/I eat …
un sandwich a sandwich
du pain grillé toast
de la salade salad
des céréales cereal
Je bois du jus d’orange. I drink orange juice.
Learning Due Date: ______________________
22
QU’EST-CE QUE TU FAIS
POUR GARDER LA FORME?
WHAT DO YOU DO TO
KEEP FIT?
pour garder la forme il faut… to stay in good shape, you have
to….
il est sain de It is healthy to
il est important de It is important to
il est nécessaire de It is necessary to
+ infinitive
manger sain Eat healthily
manger cinq portions de fruit et
légumes par jour
Eat 5 portions of fruit and veg a
day
éviter les sucreries Avoid sugary treats
éviter de manger trop de
matières grasses
Avoid eating too many fatty
foods
éviter les boissons gazeuses Avoid fizzy drinks
faire au moins vingt minutes
d’exercice par jour
Do at least 20 minutes exercise
a fay
dormir au moins huit heures par
nuit
Sleep at least 8 hours a night
éviter l’alcool et les cigarettes Avoid alcohol and cigarettes
éviter le stress Avoid stress
mener une vie active Lead an active life
éviter de passer des heures
devant l’ordinateur ou la télé
Avoid spending hours in front of
the computer or the TV
Learning Due Date: ______________________
23
Pour être en pleine
forme, …
To be in good shape, …
Pour éviter le stress au
collège, …
To avoid stress at school, …
je mange sainement I eat healthily
je mange rarement des
bonbons ou des gâteaux
I rarely eat sweets or cakes
je bois uniquement de
l’eau
I only drink water
je ne bois jamais de
boissons gazeuses
I never drink fizzy drinks
je me couche tôt I go to bed early
j'essaie de me
déconnecter des écrans
de temps en temps
I try to disconnect from
screens from time to time
Dans le futur In the future
Je veux I want
Je voudrais I would like
Je préférerais I would prefer
+infinitive
Me coucher tot To go to bed early
Me déconnecter To disconnect
Manger sainement to eat healthily
QU’EST-CE QUE TU
FAIS POUR GARDER LA
FORME?
WHAT DO YOU DO
TO KEEP FIT?
Learning Due Date: ______________________
24
TENSE TIME PHRASES EXAMPLES
Past • L’année dernière = last year
• La semaine dernière = last week
• Le week-end dernier = last weekend
• le mois dernier = last month
• samedi/dimanche dernier = last
Saturday / Sunday
• il y a une semaine = a week ago
• il y a deux ans = two years ago
• hier = yesterday
• hier soir = last night
• avant-hier = the day before yesterday
J’ai mangé des chips et
de la pizza.
Je me suis couché à 3
heures du matin
Je suis resté à la maison
Je n’ai pas pu jouer au
rugby
Present • aujourd’hui = today
• en ce moment = at the moment
• maintenant = now
• d’habitude = usually
• Normalement = normally
• en général = generally
• parfois / quelquefois = sometimes
• deux fois par semaine = twice a week
• present + depuis = since / for
Il faut manger sain
Il est nécessaire de bien
dormir
Future • ce soir = tonight
• Demain = tomorrow
• dans deux semaines = in two weeks
• le week-end prochain = next weekend
• l’été prochain = next summer
• la semaine prochaine = next week
• pendant les grandes vacances = during
the summer holidays
• à l’avenir = in the future
J’ai l’intention de manger
plus de salade
Je vais faire une
randonnée
Je voudrais me coucher
plus tôt
Je vais aller chez mes
cousins
Learning Due Date: ______________________
25
OÙ HABITES-TU? WHERE DO YOU LIVE?
J’habite dans … I live in
une grande maison A big house
un petit appartement A small flat
en ville In town
Un village In a village
à la campagne In the countryside
à la montagne In the mountains
au bord de la mer By the sea
dans un vieux château In an old castle
dans une vieille ferme In an old farm
Parce que Because
Beau/belle pretty
Nouveau/nouvelle new
Selon moi According to me
Où voudrais-tu habiter ? Where would you like to
live?
Je voudrais habiter I would like to live
à l’étranger Abroad
Mod 5
Learning Due Date: ______________________
26
C’EST COMMENT? WHAT IS IT LIKE?
COMMENT EST TA
RÉGION?
WHAT IS YOUR REGION
LIKE?
Dans ma région, il y a... In my region, there is/are...
Un appartement A flat
Un bâtiment A building
Un champ A field
Un jardin public A park
Un lac a lake
Un magasin a shop
Une forêt A forest
Une montagne A mountain
Une plage A beach
Une rivière A river
Un(e) touriste A tourist
Beaucoup de Lots of
Plein de Plenty of
Peu de Little / not many
Trop de Too much / too many
C'est comment en été / hiver? What is it like in summer / winter?
C'est... It's...
amusant fun
tranquille / calme peaceful / quiet
ennuyeux / animé boring / lively
nul / génial / joli awful / great / pretty
très very
trop too
Learning Due Date: ______________________
27
QU’EST-CE QEU’ON PEUT
FAIRE?WHAT CAN YOU DO?
On peut... You / People can...
manger des crêpres eat pancakes
visiter les monuments
historiques
visit historic monuments
visiter des grottes visit caves
aller au cinéma go to the cinema
aller à la plage go to the beach
aller en ville go to town
faire les magasins go shopping
faire du canoë-kayak go canoeing
faire des randonnées go for walkes
faire du ski go skiing
cultiver le coton grow cotton
travailler dans les champs work in the fields
acheter des animaux buy animals
aller à l'école go to school
vendre des légumes sell vegetables
Learning Due Date: ______________________
28
Chez moi At home
Chez ma tante At my auntie’s
Il y a There is/are
Il n’y a pas de There isn’t/aren’t
Quatre pièces en tout 4 rooms in total
Un salon A lounge
Un jardin A garden
Une cuisine A kitchen
Une salle à manger A dining room
Une salle de bains A bathroom
Des escaliers stairs
Des w.c Toilets
voici Here is/are
Ma chambre My bedroom
La chambre de mon frère My brother’s bedroom
La chambre de mes parents My parents’ bedroom
En bas/ au rez-de-chaussée Downstairs/ on the ground
floor
En haut/ au premier étage Upstairs/ on the 1st floor
Je trouve que I think that
dehors outside
Learning Due Date: ______________________
29
COMMENT ÉTAIT TA
MAISON?
HOW WAS YOUR
CHILDHOOD HOME?
J’habitais dans …
On habitait dans…
I used to live in
We used to live in…
Quand j’étais petit(e) When I was younger
Dans le jardin In the garden
Il y avait There was
Une balancoire A swing
Des Lego partout Lego everywhere
Je jouais/ On jouait I / We used to play
Je fabriquais/ On fabriquait I / We used to make
Des tentes Tents
Des cabanes Hiding place/hut
J’avais / On avait I / We used to have
Des trottinettes Scooters
Learning Due Date: ______________________
30
COMMENT SERAIT TA
MAISON IDÉALE?
WHAT WOULD YOUR IDEAL
HOME LOOK LIKE?
ma maison idéale serait My ideal home would
be
énorme/ toute en verre Enormous / all glass
en Belgique/au Canada in Belgium / in Canada
aurait Would have
dix étages Ten floors
il y aurait there would be
Une piscine A swimming pool
Un terrain de foot A football pitch
huit chambres Eight bedrooms
Une salle de cinéma A cinema room
Learning Due Date: ______________________
la bouche mouth
le bras arm
le corps body
le dos back
l’épaule shoulder
les fesses buttocks
le front forehead
le genou knee
la jambe leg
la main hand
le nez nose
l’oeil eye
les oreilles ears
le pied foot
la tête head
le visage face
les yeux eyes
31
LES PARTIES DU CORPS BODY PARTS
Mod 6
Learning Due Date: ______________________
32
QU’EST-CE QUI NE VA
PAS?WHAT IS WRONG?
Je peux I can
Je ne peux pas I can’t
Bouger ma jambe Move my leg
j'ai mal au bras I have a sore arm
j'ai mal à la gorge I have a sore throat
j'ai mal à l'œil I have a sore eye
j'ai may aux yeux I have sore eyes
j'ai de la fièvre I have a temperaure
je me suis blessé(e) au pied / à la tête
/ à l'épaule
I've hurt my foot / head / shoulder
je me suis blessé(e) aux jambes I've hurt my legs
j'ai la grippe I have the flu
j'ai un rhume I have a cold
Il faut... You must...
rester au lit stay in bed
utiliser une crème use a cream
mettre un pansement put on a bandage
pratiquer des exercices modérés do some gentle exercises
prendre des antidouleurs take painkillers
Vous allex bien? Are you well?
Ça ne vas pas I'm not well
depuis quand? Since when?
depuis trois jours for three days
depuis hier since yesterday
Learning Due Date: ______________________
Phrases to Impress!Use as many of these as possible in your work to really impress!
1. An “Avoir” structure: e.gavoir besoin de to need J’avais besoin d’ un bon prof. I needed a good teacher.avoir envie de to want to J’ai envie d’aller en France I want to go to Franceen avoir marre to be fed up J’en avais marre. I was fed up with it.
2. At least THREE uses of vu que or étant donné que instead of parce quee.g Je suis allé en France vu que j’aime la cuisine. I went to France because I like the food.
3. At least TWO justified points of view e.g. Je crois la France est le meilleur pays du monde parce que la cuisine est tellement bonne.I think that France is the best country in the world because the food is so good.
4. J’ai décidé de … I decided to
5. Sans + inf e.gsans hésiter without hesitatingsans perdre un instant without wasting a moment
6. Avant de … e.g. avant d’arriver before arrivingavant de manger before eating
7. Après avoir + past participle e.g. après avoir mangé, je … After eating, I …
8. Exclamations. e.gQuelle bonne idée! What a good idea!Quel désastre! What a disaster!
9. At least THREE uses of the present tenses
10. At least THREE perfect tenses: one using avoir, one using être, one reflexive and one with an irregular past participle.
11. At least THREE future tenses including an irregular.
12. An imperfect e.g. Il pleuvait It was raining
13. a conditional e.g. Je serais I would be
14. Adjectives
15 Impressive vocabularye.g. inoubliable unforgettable
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
16 si, tellement (so) or vraiment instead of très eg. si important so importanttellement utile so useful
17 malgré (in spite of) e.g. malgré le fait que je n’avais pas d’argent… in spite of the fact that I had no money
18 venir de e.g. Je viens de commencer à apprendre une nouvelle langue. I have just started learning a new language.
19 sur le point de e.g J’étais sur le point de faire mes devoirs … I was just about to do my homework
20 comparatives e.g.plus beau que more handsome thanmoins fort que not as strong asaussi intelligent que as intelligent asmoins jolie que not as pretty as
21 superlatives e.g. Le plus beau the finestle moins agréable the least pleasant
22 negatives e.gJe ne le fais plus. I don’t do it anymore
23 Try to reduce the number of simple verbs, je m’appelle, je suis, j’ai
24 Full descriptions i.e 10 pieces of information
25 Try not to repeat any verb
26 Use Connectives. qui. que, who/which/thattandis que whilst, whereascar for, becauselorsque whenpuisque since
27 pour with the infinitive e.g. Pour voir mon ami In order to see my friend.
28. Pronouns e.g. Mon frère cadet m’a accompagné(e) My younger brother came with me.
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
KS3 French Core Language
je/j’– I
tu – you
il/elle/on – he/she/we
informal
nous – we
vous – you (fam.pl.)
ils / elles – they
J’ai I have
Tu as you have
Il / Elle /
On a
he/she /
one has
Nous avons we have
Vous avez you have (pl. pol)
Ils/elles ont they have
avoir – to have être – to be
Je suis I am
Tu es you are
Il/elle/
on est
he/she / one is
Nous
sommeswe are
Vous êtes you are (pol.pl.)
Ils/elles
sontThey areTime words
maintenant – now
avant – before
après – after
aujourd’hui – today
hier – yesterday
demain – tomorrow
encore - again
toujours – always
souvent – often
parfois – sometimes
jamais– never
la semaine denière –
last week
la semaine prochaine
– next week
Referring to things
une chose – a thing
ce/cet/cette – this
ça – that
autre chose –
something else
autre – (an)other
beaucoup – a lot
(un) peu – (a) little
très – very
tous –
all/everything
Making links
et – and
ou – or
aussi – also
mais – but
parce que –
because
avec – with
sans - without
Asking questions
Pourquoi? – why?
Quoi? – what?
Quand? – when?
Où? – where?
Qui? – who?
Combien? – how
much/many?
Comment? – how?
Referring to places
ici – here
là-bas - there
Opinions
Je pense que – I think that
Je crois que – I believe that
Il me semble que – it seems
that..
Sentence building
Je peux / Il,elle,on
peut
I can/he,she can
Je veux/il,elle,on
veut
I want to/he,she wants to…
Je dois/il doit I have to/he has to…
Je vais / Il va + verb I’m going to/he is going to…
J’aime/Il aime
Je/il n’aime pas
I like to/he likes to
I don’t/ he doesn’t like
J’adore / Il adore I love to/he loves to…
Je voudrais/ Il
voudrait
I/he/she would like to…
Pronouns
Saying what you did
Je suis allé(e) – I went
J’ai fait – I did
J’ai vu– I saw
J’ai joué – I played
J’ai mangé – I ate
J’ai bu – I drank
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
KS3 French Core Language 2
J’ai parlé I spoke
Tu as parlé you spoke
Il/elle/on a
parlé
he/she is/you
spoke (pol.sing)
Nous avons
parléwe spoke
Vous avez
parléyou spoke
(fam.pl.)
Ils/elles
ont parlé
they/you
spoke (pol.pl.)
Time words
maintenant – now
avant – before
après – after
aujourd’hui – today
de nos jours – nowadays
depuis …ans - …years ago
hier – yesterday
demain– tomorrow
la semaine dernière – last
week
la semaine prochaine–
next week
Making links
aussi – also
sans - without
Asking questions
Pourquoi? – why?
Quoi? – what?
Quand? – when?
Où? – where?
Qui? – who?
Combien? – how
much/many?
Comment? – how?
Referring to places
ici – here
là-bas - there
Sentence building
Je(ne) peux (pas) I can(not)
Je (ne) veux (pas) I (don’t) want to
J’ai (je n’ai pas)
vouluI (didn’t) want to
Je (ne) dois (pas) I (don’t)have to
J’ai (je n’ai pas)/il a
(n’a pas) dû
I (didn’t) have to/ s/he (didn’t)
have to..
Je vais / il/elle va + verb I’m going to / s/he is going to…
J’allais / il/elle allaitI was going to / s/he was going
to ..
J’aime (je n’aime
pas)I (don’t) like to
J’adore / il/elle
adoreI love to / s/he loves to…
Je voudrais I would like to…
Saying what you did
Je suis allé – I went
J’ai fait– I did
J’ai vu – I saw
J’ai mangé – I ate
J’ai bu – I drank
Present Imperfect
Je suis/ I am/ J’étais I was/
Il/elle/
c’ est
s/he/it is Il/elle
C’était
s/he/it was
Il y a there is/
there are
Il y avait there was/
there were
J’ai/
Il/elle a
I have/
s/he/it has
J’avais
Il/elle avait
I had/
s/he/it had
j’ai visité I visited
J’ai acheté I bought
Je suis resté I stayed
J’ai nagé I swam
J’ai passé I spent
Je me suis
bien amusé
I had a good
time
J’ai voyagé I travelled
J’ai joué I played
Comparing
plus...que – more than
moins..que – less than
aussi + adj + que –
as.as
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
KS3 French Core Language 3
Je(ne) peux (pas) I can(not)
Je (ne) veux (pas) I (don’t) want to
J’ai (je n’ai pas) voulu I (didn’t) want to
Je (ne) dois (pas) I (don’t)have to
J’ai (je n’ai pas) dû I (didn’t) have to
Je vais / il/elle va I’m going to / s/he is going to…
J’allais / il/elle allaitI was going to / s/he was going
to ..
J’aime (je n’aime pas)I (don’t) like to / s/he doesn’t
like to
J’adore / il/elle adore I love to / s/he loves to…
Je voudrais I/he/she would like to…
J’avais l’intention de I was planning to..
J’étais sur le point de I was about to....
Je viends de I have just....
après avoir fait After doing
avant de before (doing)
Sentence buildingReferring to belonging(s)
mymon / ma
/ mes
yourton /ta
/tes
his/herson / sa
/ses
ournotre
/nos
yourvotre /
vos
theirleur /
leurs
me me
te you
le it / he
la it / she
les them
Referring to things & people
How to
refer
to the
future
Infinitive
+
je(I) ai
tu (you – 1 person, fam) as
Il / elle– he/she a
nous- we ons
vous – you pl., polite ez
Ils/ elles - they ont
ne….rien not…at all, nothing, not
anything
ne … pas not
ne…jamais never (not..ever)
Je ne vais jamais au
cinéma
I never to go the cinema
personne …ne No-one (not anyone)
Je ne connais
personne
I don’t know anyone
Expressing negatives
+ ve
rb in
th
e IN
FIN
ITIV
E fo
rm
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
L’alphabetA [ah] J [jee] S [ess]
B [ bay] K [kah] T [tay]
C [say] L [ell] U [oo]
D [day] M [em] V [vay]
E [euh] N [en] W [dou – bluh – vay]
F [eff] O [oh] X [icks]
G [ghay] P [pay] Y [ee-grek]
H [ash] Q [koo] Z [zed]
I [ee] R [air]
un a (masculine object)
une a (feminine object)
des some (more than one masculine object)
des some (more than one feminine object)
le the (masc object)
la the (fem object)
l’ the (+ vowel)
les the (more than one masc object)
les the (more than one fem object)
How to say ‘a’, ‘some’ and ‘the’: definite and indefinite articles
NB: Sometimes the article is not needed in French:
e.g. Je n’ai pas de frères = I haven’t got any brothers
e.g. Mon père est professeur = My dad is a teacher
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
10 dix 80 quatre-vingts
20 vingt 81 quatre-vingt-
un
30 trente 82 quatre-vingt-
deux
40 quarante 90 quatre-vingt-
dix
50 cinquante 91 quatre-vingt-
onze
60 soixante 92 quatre-vingt-
douze
70 soixante-
dix
100 cent
71 soixante-
et-onze
200 deux cents
72 soixante-
douze210 deux cent dix
1000 - mille
Cardinal and ordinal numbers1 un
2 deux
3 trois
4 quatre
5 cinq
6 six
7 sept
8 huit
9 neuf
10 dix
11 onze
12 douze
13 treize
14 quatorze
15 quinze
16 seize
17 dix-sept
18 dix-huit
19 dix-neuf
20 vingt
21 vingt-et-un
22 vingt deux
23 vingt trois
24 vingt quatre
25 vingt cinq
26 vingt six
27 vingt sept
28 vingt huit
29 vingt neuf
30 trente
31 trente-et-un
premier/ière first
deuxième second
troisième third
quatrième fourth
cinquième fifth
sixième sixth
septième seventh
huitième eigth
neuvième nineth
dixième tenth
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
Prepositions
à to, at
avec with
de from, of
de / depuis from, since
dans / à in
entre between
vers towards
pour for
à cause de because of
sans without
sur on/on top of
à la fin de at the end of
autour de around
près de near
devant in front of
dedans inside
derrière behind
en face de facing, opposite
dehors outside
loin de far from
These are the most commonly used positioning words:
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
Rules about adjectivesFrench Adjectives
As in English, French adjectives are words used to qualify other words.
Construction Rules
Unlike English, however, adjectives in French are generally placed after
the noun they qualify.
Example: Un chat noir / A black cat
There are, however, several exceptions.
French adjectives generally follow the same gender rules as French
nouns (and they always agree with the gender of the noun they qualify).
For normal cases, just add -e to the masculine form.
Adjectives whose masculine form end in “er” change to “ère.”
Adjectives whose masculine form end in “-eau” change to “-elle.”
Adjectives whose masculine form end in “-l” change to “-lle.”
Adjectives whose masculine form end in “-n” change to “-nne” :
Adjectives whose masculine form end in “-f” change to “-ve.“
Adjectives whose masculine form end in “-x” change to “-se
Number Rules
As in the case of nouns, the plural form of French adjectives is derived
simply by adding the ending “-s” to the appropriate masculine singular
form, or feminine singular form.
Adjectives that end in “-eu” and “-au” in the singular end in “-x” in
the plural (except bleu (blue) which end in “-s”).
Adjectives that already end in “-s” or “-x” do not vary their forms
from the singular to the plural.
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
Adjectives often change their ending depending whether the thing
you’re describing is masculine, feminine or plural.
Regular adjectives – most adjectives follow these patterns
Masculine Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
petit petit petite petits petites
timide timide timide timides timides
fatigué fatigué fatiguée fatigués fatiguées
-x -se
Masculine Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
sérieux sérieux sérieuse sérieux sérieuse
IRREGULARS
doux doux douce doux douces
vieux vieux vieille vieux vieilles
faux faux fausse faux fausses
-s, -n, -l -sse, -nne, -lle
Masculine Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
gros gros grosse gros grosses
bon bon bonne bons bonnes
gentil gentil gentille gentils gentilles
-et , -er -ète, -ère
Masculine Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
complet complet complète complets complètes
cher cher chère chers chères
-c -che OR -c -que
Masculine Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
blanc blanc blanche blancs blanches
public public publique publics publiques
-f -ve
Masculine Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
actif actif active actifs actives 42
Learning Due Date: ______________________
Adjectives in French usually go AFTER the thing they’re describing
un chien noir (a black dog)
une fille amusante (a funny girl)
The exceptions to this are adjectives for:
Beauty
Age
Goodness
Size
Here is a list of adjectives that go before the thing they’re describing,
with the masculine, feminine & plural forms.
Beauty
- beau* - beautiful/handsome
- joli – pretty
- vilain – ugly/nasty
Goodness
- bon – good
- gentil – nice
- mauvais – bad
- méchant – nasty/naughty
- meilleur – better
- pire – worse
Age
- jeune – young
- vieux* – old
- nouveau* - new
Size
- grand – big/tall
- petit – small
- gros – fat
* A few of these adjectives have a different ending for describing
a masculine word that starts with a vowel or silent h
Masculine Masculine
before
vowel
Feminine Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
beau beau bel belle beaux belles
vieux vieux vieil vieille vieux vieilles
nouveau nouveau nouvel nouvelle nouveaux nouvelles
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
MAKING COMPARISONS
Comparatives and superlatives are adverbs that let you make comparisons between two or
more things. Their names indicate the difference between them: comparatives compare two
or more things, while superlatives express extremes.
Introduction to French Comparatives
Comparatives express relative superiority or inferiority; that is, that something is more or
less than something else. In addition, comparatives can say that two things are equal. There
are three types of comparatives, but four different French comparative adverbs:
1. Superiority: plus... (de or que) more... than, _____er than
Laure est plus sportive (qu'Anne).
Laure is more athletic (than Anne).
2. Inferiority: moins... (de or que) less.... than
Rouen est moins cher (que Paris).
Rouen is less expensive (than Paris).
3. Equality:
a. aussi.... (de or que) as... as
Tu es aussi sympathique que Chantal.
You're as nice as Chantal.
b. autant (de or que) as much/many as
Je travaille autant qu'elle.
I work as much as she does.
Introduction to French Superlatives
Superlatives express ultimate superiority or inferiority, claiming that one thing is the
most or least of all. There are two types of French superlatives:
1. Superiority: le plus the most, the _____est
C'est le livre le plus intéressant du monde.
It's the most interesting book in the world.
2. Inferiority: le moins the least
Nous avons acheté la voiture la moins chère.
We bought the least expensive car. 44
Learning Due Date: ______________________
45
Learning Due Date: ______________________
Expressions of
frequency
Phrases de fréquence
always toujours
every day tous les jours
often souvent
usually normalement
sometimes quelquefois
from time to time de temps en temps
on Tuesdays le mardi
at the weekend le week-end
once a week une fois par semaine
twice a month deux fois par semaine
never jamais
Linking words Connecteurs
before avant
though bien que
afterwards, then après
then puis
first of all d’abord
or ou
but mais
so donc
nevertheless, however néanmoins/cependant
also aussi
and et
These are to learn and use (a lot!)
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
Time expressions Phrases de temps
now maintenant
the next day le lendemain
yesterday hier
since depuis
today aujourd’hui
tomorrow demain
morning le matin
later plus tard
midnight minuit
At night la nuit
the day after tomorrow après-demain
at the start au début
soon bientôt
next prochain(e)
a fortnight une quinzaine
fortnight quinzaine
week une semaine
In the afternoon l’après-midi
In the evening le soir
on time, early à l’heure/tôt 47
Learning Due Date: ______________________
Intensifiers
rather/quite assez
almost presque
too trop
very très
really vraiment
Comparatives
more (….than) plus (… que)
less (…than) moins (que …)
as (…as) aussi (…que)
Adverbs
quickly vite
unfortunately malheureusement
straight away tout de suite
especially surtout
Immediately immédiatement
recently récemment
especially particulièrement
still (yet) encore
already déjà
perhaps peut-être
Positions
below (down) au-dessous
over there là-bas
there là / y
here ici48
Learning Due Date: ______________________
Je parle I speak
tu parles You speak (Fam./sing.)
Il/ elle / on parle He/She /we speaks
Nous parlons We speak
Vous parlez You speak (plural / polite)
Ils/elles parlent They (m)/(f) speak
Regular –er Verbs (e.g. parler = to speak)
Je finis I finish
Tu finis You finish (Fam./sing.)
Il/elle finit He/She finishes
Nous finissons We finish
Vous finissez You finish (plural / polite)
Ils/elles finissent They (m)/(f) finish
Regular –ir Verbs (e.g. finir = to finish)
J’attends I wait
Tu attends You wait (Fam./sing.)
Il /elle attend He/She waits
Nous attendons We wait
Vous attendez You wait (plural/polite)
Ils/elles attendent They (m) (f) wait
Regular –re Verbs (e.g. attendre= to wait for)
The present tense
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
je suis I am
Tu es You are (Fam./sing.)
Il /elle est He/she is
Nous sommes We are
Vous êtes You are (plural / polite)
Ils /elles sont They (m) (f) are
être = to be
J’ai I have
Tu as You have (Fam./sing.)
Il /elle a He/She has
Nous avons We have
Vous avez You have (plural / polite)
Ils / elles ont They (m) (f) have
avoir = to have
il y a= there is/there are
il n’y a pas de= there isn’t/there aren’t
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Aller = to go
je vais I go
tu vas You go (Fam./sing.)
il/ elle va He/She goes
nous allons We go
vous allez You go (plural /polite)
ils/elles vont They (m) (f) go
Je fais I do
Tu fais You do (Fam./sing.)
il/elle fait He/she does
nous faisons We do
vous faites You do (plural / polite)
ils/elles font They (m) (f) do
Faire= to do
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
French regular –ER verbs
53
Acheter to buy *
Admirer to admire
Adorer To love
Aider to help
Aimer to like
s’amuser to enjoy
yourself
Arrêter to stop
Arriver to arrive
Bavarder to chat
Blesser to hurt
Bouger to move
Cacher to hide
Casser to break
Célébrer to celebrate
Cesser to cease/stop
Changer to change
Chercher to look for
Chuchoter to whisper
Commander to order
Commencer to start
Comparer to compare
Compléter to complete *
Continuer To continue
Corriger To correct
Couper To cut
Crier To shout
Danser To dance
Décider To decide
Déjeuner To have lunch
Dépêcher To hurry
Dépenser To spend money
Dessiner To draw
Détester To hate
Deviner To guess
Dîner To have evening
meal
Discuter To discuss
Donner To give
Écouter To listen
Embrasser To kiss
Enseigner To teach
Étudier To study
Éviter To avoid 52
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Fermer To close
Fumer To smoke
Gagner To win/earn
Garder To keep
Jouer To play
Manger To eat
Nager To swim
Noter To note down
Parler To talk
Partager To share
Passer To spend time
Penser To think
Porter To wear/carry
Promener To walk
Quitter To leave
Regarder To watch
Rentrer To return home
Rester To stay
Rêver To dream
Skier To ski
Tricher To cheat
French regular –ER verbs (2)
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French regular –RE verbs & -IR verbs
-IR
choisir To choose
découvrir To discover
finir To finish
réfléchir To reflect
-RE
Apprendre To learn
Attendre To wait for
Répondre To reply
Vendre To sell
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
REFLEXIVE VERBS – FORMATION
Reflexive verbs are verbs which either:
1. reflect the action back onto the subject
(e.g. I wash myself: Je me lave), or
2. have the sense of "each other"
(e.g. They love each other: Ils s'aiment)
Reflexive Verbs in the Present Tense Reflexive verbs only differ from ordinary verbs in that they have an additional Reflexive
Pronoun. These are as follows, given here with the verb se laver, to wash:
je me lave nous nous lavons
tu te laves vous vous lavez
il se lave ils se lavent
elle se lave elles se lavent
on se lave
Reflexive Verbs in the Infinitive Another important difference is that when these verbs are used in the infinitive, although
the verb itself is infinitive, the reflexive pronoun must still agree with its subject. e.g.
Je dois me raser avant de sortir.
Nous voulons nous réveiller à 6h30 demain.
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Learning Due Date: ______________________
The Perfect Tense – An Explanation Formation The Perfect Tense in French is formed of two parts:
i) an AUXILIARY VERB ii) a PAST PARTICIPLE
The auxiliary verb is always the present tense of either AVOIR or ETRE. The past participle
is formed from the verb being used in the sentence, as explained below.
AVOIR verbs Auxiliary verb is the present tense of avoir:
j'ai
tu as
il a
nous avons
vous avez
ils ont
Regular Verbs form their past participle in the following ways:
ER Verbs RE Verbs IR Verbs
jouer = joué vendre = vendu finir = fini
Thus, when we put it all together, we end up with sentences like:
J'ai joué au tennis. (I played tennis / have played tennis)
Mon frère a vendu son vélo. (My brother sold his bike / has sold his bike)
Elles ont fini les devoirs. (They finished / have finished the homework)
Nous avons regardé un très bon film à la télé.
Tu as attendu un autobus ou un train?
Vous avez choisi, Madame?
Use of the Perfect Tense: The perfect tense is used to talk about things that you did in the past on one occasion which
are completed, and no longer happening now.
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IRREGULAR VERBS: A number of verbs do not form their past participle following the rules above. These need to
be learned separately, and the main ones as as follows:
avoir = eu être = été faire = fait
boire = bu conduire = conduit connaître = connu
courir = couru croire = cru devoir = dû
dire = dit dormir = dormi écrire = écrit
falloir = fallu lire = lu mettre = mis
ouvrir = ouvert pleuvoir = plu prendre = pris
comprendre = compris
apprendre = appris
pouvoir = pu recevoir = reçu rire = ri
savoir = su tenir = tenu vivre = vécu
voir = vu vouloir = voulu suivre = suivi
e.g. J'ai ouvert mes cadeaux après le petit déjeuner.
Nous avons fait de la natation au centre sportif.
Pierre et Paul ont lu un bon livre.
ETRE VERBS A number of verbs take ETRE as their auxiliary verb instead of AVOIR.
The Auxiliary verb is therefore the present tense of ETRE:
je suis
tu es
il est
nous sommes
vous êtes
ils sont
The main verbs involved here are as follows. They often come in opposites, and there are a
few irregulars to look out for:
aller = allé venir = venu
entrer = entré sortir = sorti
arriver = arrivé partir = parti
descendre = descendu monter = monté
naître = né mourir = mort
rester = resté retourner = retourné
tomber = tombé rentrer = rentré
revenir = revenu 57
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There is one further point to bear in mind here. Verbs taking être as an auxiliary verb need
to agree with their subject. If the subject of the sentence is feminine, we add an "e", and if
the subject is plural we add an "s". The verb aller can therefore have the following forms:
(m = masculine, f = feminine)
je suis allé (m)
je suis allée (f)
Tu es allé (m)
Tu es allée (f)
Il est allé
Elle est allée
Nous sommes allés (m or mixed)
Nous sommes allées (f)
Vous êtes allé (m singular)
Vous êtes allée (f singular)
Vous êtes allés (m or mixed plural)
Vous êtes allées (f plural)
Ils sont allés
Elles sont allées
Or, summarised more simply, as follows, whereby we can add agreements as necessary:
je suis allé (e)
Tu es allé (e)
Il est allé
Elle est allée
Nous sommes allé (e) (s)
Vous êtes allé (e)(s)
Ils sont allés
Elles sont allées
e.g. Je suis allé au cinéma hier soir.
Nous sommes partis à 8h30.
Vous êtes restés à la maison hier soir?
Elle est venue chez nous le weekend dernier.
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Reflexive Verbs in the Perfect Tense ALL reflexive verbs take ETRE as their auxiliary verb, and consequently their past participle
also needs to agree. The reflexive pronoun goes before the auxiliary verb. The verb "se
coucher" looks like this in all its forms with possible agreements where needed:
je me suis couché (e)
Tu t'es couché (e)
Il s'est couché
Elle s'est couchée
Nous nous sommes couché (e) (s)
Vous vous êtes couché (e)(s)
Ils se sont couchés
Elles se sont couchées
A few examples:
Lundi matin je me suis levé à six heures.
Ma mère s'est dépêchée pour ne pas être en retard.
Marie et Claire se sont coiffées avant de sortir.
BUT: If the reflexive verb has a direct object, as in the examples below, the reflexive
pronoun is the indirect object and therefore the past participle does not need to agree: e.g.
Marie s'est blessé la jambe. (la jambe is direct object)
Mes frères se sont lavé les mains. (les
mains is the direct object)
Other Tenses In other tenses reflexive verbs follow the same patterns as above
i.e. As normal verbs in simple tenses, but with a reflexive pronoun.
As être verbs in compound tenses, with a reflexive pronoun and
agreement of the past participle.
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THE FUTURE TENSE - FORMATION
The future tense in French is formed in French in the following way:
Take the stem of the verb, as follows:
-ER Verbs: the infinitive, i.e. jouer = jouer
-IR Verbs: the infinitive, i.e. finir = finir
-RE verbs: the infinitive minus the "e", i.e. attendre = attendr
Now add the endings below:
je ....................... ai
tu ....................... as
il ....................... a
nous ................. ons
vous ................. ez
ils ...................... ont
EXCEPTIONS:
There are a number of verbs which have irregular stems. The most common are given below:
acheter achèter
avoir aur
être ser
aller ir
faire fer
courir courr
devoir devr
envoyer enverr
se lever se lèver
pouvoir pourr
recevoir recevr
savoir saur
venir viendr
voir verr
vouloir voudr
Easy way to remember these endings:
They are the verb "avoir" in the present tense, minus the
"av" in the nous and vous forms. i.e.
j'ai
tu as
il a
nous (av)ons
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THE CONDITIONAL TENSE – FORMATION
The Conditional Tense in French is used in a largely similar way to that in which it is used in
English. It expresses a condition, i.e. "would" in English. The conditional clause will often be
dependent upon a "si clause" (which will be in the imperfect (See note below))
e.g. S'il faisait beau, j'irais à la plage avec ma famille. If the weather were good, I would go to the beach with my family.
Si elle avait plus d'argent, elle sortirait plus souvent avec ses amis. If she had more money, she would go out with her friends more often.
Mes parents viendraient avec nous, s'ils n'étaient pas obligés de travailler. My parents would come with us, if they didn't have to work.
It can also express a future-in-the-past:
e.g. Elle a dit qu'elle partirait vers neuf heures. She said she would leave around nine o'clock.
Formation of the Conditional Tense: This is easy in French. The Conditional Tense is formed by taking the FUTURE STEM of the
verb, and adding the IMPERFECT ENDINGS.
e.g. VENIR = VIENDR + je ____ ais je viendrais tu ____ ais tu viendrais il ____ ait il viendrait nous ____ ions nous viendrions vous ____ iez vous viendriez ils ____ aient ils viendraient
Tenses in Conditional Sentences: As noted above, the IMPERFECT and CONDITIONAL are used together in "si clauses" in the
same way as they are used in English. e.g. If I won the lottery, I would buy a larger house. Si je gagnais à la loterie, j'achèterais une plus grande maison. If my friend was not on holiday, we would go to the cinema together.
Si mon ami n'était pas en vacances, nous irions ensemble au cinéma.
This tense rule should be NOTED WELL as English learner of French tend to want to use the
conditional in both parts of the sentence, even though this is not the case in English!
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The Imperfect Tense: Grammar Explanation The Imperfect tense is an easy tense to learn.
To form the Imperfect we take the NOUS form of the PRESENT TENSE, and take off the
–ONS to get the Imperfect stem.
To this stem we add the endings as follows:
je ....................... ais
tu ....................... ais
il ....................... ait
nous ....................... ions
vous ....................... iez
ils ....................... aient
EXCEPTION: There are very few exceptions to this rule. The main one in ETRE, whose stem
is ét. In addition, verbs like manger and ranger, which have an extra "e" in the nous form of
the present tense, retain this in the imperfect to make the "g" sound soft (Mon frère
mangeait). Similarly verbs like commencer, which have a "ç" in the nous form, retain this to
make the "c" sound soft (Je commençais).
All very easy – as long as you have a good working knowledge of the present tense!!
USES OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE The Imperfect tense is used in the following cases:
Description in the past: La maison était énorme et avait trois fenêtres.
Describing the weather at a time in the past: Il faisait très beau.
Giving an opinion in the past, c'était + adjective: C'était magnifique.
Talking about something that used to happen regularly in the past:
Nous allions en France chaque année. On faisait du ski dans les Alpes.
Talking about how things used to be over a period of time in the past: Mon
père avait une voiture rouge et ma mère travaillait à l'hôpital.
Making excuses: Ce n'était pas de ma faute. Je voulais aider!
Saying what was happening, when something else happened; (one action (in the perfect tense)
cuts across another on-going one (in the imperfect) Je lisais le journal quand mon père est
entré dans le salon. Ma mère travaillait dans le jardin, quand le téléphone a sonné. 66
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DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS
Direct object pronouns are the words that replace the direct object, so that we don't say
things like "Marie was at the bank today. When I saw Marie I smiled." It's much more
natural to say "Marie was at the bank today. When I saw her I smiled." The French direct
object pronouns are:
me / m' me
te / t' you
le / l' him, it
la / l' her, it
nous us
vous you
les them
Me and te change to m' and t', respectively, in front of a vowel or mute H. Le and la both
change to l'.
Like indirect object pronouns, French direct object pronouns are placed in front of the
verb
I'm eating it.
Je le mange.
He sees her.
Il la voit.
I love you.
Je t'aime.
You love me.
Tu m'aimes.
Notes
1. When a direct object precedes a verb conjugated into a compound tense such as the
passé composé, the past participle has to agree with the direct object.
2. If you're having trouble deciding between direct and indirect objects, the general rule is
that if the person or thing is preceded by a preposition, that person is an indirect object. If
it's not preceded by a preposition, it is a direct object. 67
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Subject pronouns
Je I
tu you (singular familiar)
il he
elle she
on we informal
nous we
vous you (plural / polite)
ils they (masculine)
elles they (feminine)
Jetu
il elle
nous
vous
ils / elles
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Websites
www.tmac.uk.com (VLE) Turton school website/VLE
http://french.typeit.org
This is an excellent site – you
can type any text with French
accents in here and then
copy/paste to word. Very easy
to use!!!!
http://www.frenchrevision.co.uk/ks
3
This site is excellent for revision
– it has listening material too!
http://zut.languageskills.co.uk This site is free after 4pm
http://verbix.com This is an online verb conjugator
http://www.languagesonline.org.uk
This site is called Languages
Online – it has lots of language
learning activities for Spanish,
French, German & Italian.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/fr
ench/
The BBC website has a lot of
different resources–including
some slang and holiday phrases
to learn.
http://www.digitaldialects.com/Fre
nch.htm
Click on French (there are lots
of other languages too) and
follow the links to different
activities.
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