nemo-sn1 observatory developments in view of the european research infrastructures

4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece

NEMO-SN1NEMO-SN1 observatory developments in view of observatory developments in view of the European Research Infrastructuresthe European Research Infrastructures

EMSOEMSO and and KM3NETKM3NET

Paolo FavaliPaolo Favali (1)(1), Laura Beranzoli , Laura Beranzoli (1)(1), Francesco Italiano , Francesco Italiano (2)(2), ,

Emilio Migneco Emilio Migneco (3)(3), Mario Musumeci , Mario Musumeci (3)(3), Riccardo Papaleo , Riccardo Papaleo (3)(3)

on behalf of NEMO Collaborationon behalf of NEMO Collaboration

((1) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) - Roma 2 Dept.

(2) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) - Palermo Dept.

(3) Laboratori Nazionali del Sud - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)

INGVINGV


Optical sensors

Electronic vessels

MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) & Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)& Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) INGVINGV

Favali et al, 2006a; Migneco et al., 2006

NEMO-SN1NEMO-SN1The 1st cabled prototype node forEMSO and test site for KM3NET

Synergy between the 2 ESFRIESFRI infrastructure KM3NET KM3NET andand EMSO EMSO

East Sicily (Western Ionian Sea)


Why seafloor observatory node in East Sicily ?Why seafloor observatory node in East Sicily ?

One of the most seismogenic areas of Mediterranean

Some of the major eartquakes generated strong tsunamis

1169 -1169 - 16931693

19081908


Sgroi et al., 2007

Malta Escarpment

Southern Calabria

213 events

Deep Ionian Basin(subduction)

Continent-ocean boundary

Mt. Etna bilateral eruption

(2002-2003)

SN1 1SN1 1stst stand-alone stand-alone experiment 2002-2003 experiment 2002-2003

East Sicily seismicity not-recorded inland


a b

Z

N

E

T

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E

T

200 s

Off-shore Peloponnesus (Greece, Feb. 14, 2008): a) MW=6.9; b) MW=6.2

NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory

Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)

Z

N

E


ETNA ActivityETNA Activity


East Sicily TS infrastructureEast Sicily TS infrastructure

LNS Test Site Laboratoryat Catania harbour

LNS-INFN Catania

Radio Link (32 Mbps)

NEMO JB

Test Site South (TSS)

5 km

Installation at > 2000 m depth

20 km

INGV

Test Site North (TSN)

5 km


East Sicily TS East Sicily TS NorthNorth

SN1 (2005-2008) Sensors3-C broad-band seismometer; Hydrophone (geophysics);Gravity meter; Scalar magnetometer; 3-C single point current meter; CTD

SN1 (2005-2008) Sensors3-C broad-band seismometer; Hydrophone (geophysics);Gravity meter; Scalar magnetometer; 3-C single point current meter; CTD

2005 TSN Frame and SN1 deployments2008 SN1 recovery for refurbishment2010 SN1 re-deployment (ESONET LIDO-DM)

SN1 connection

SN1 recovery

Frame deployment


East Sicily TS SouthEast Sicily TS South

2005 TSS Frame and ODE installation2006 Junction Box (JB) and NEMO Phase 1 deployment2007 Junction Box recovery for maintenance2008 JB re-deployment. ODE recovery for refurbishment2010 LIDO installation (ESONET LIDO-DM)

2005 TSS Frame and ODE installation2006 Junction Box (JB) and NEMO Phase 1 deployment2007 Junction Box recovery for maintenance2008 JB re-deployment. ODE recovery for refurbishment2010 LIDO installation (ESONET LIDO-DM)

Experiments SensorsODE 4 hydrophonesNEMO Phase 1 16 optical modules, CTD, ADCP

Experiments SensorsODE 4 hydrophonesNEMO Phase 1 16 optical modules, CTD, ADCP

Framewith ODE

Junction Box

NEMO Phase-1tower

4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece 5-7 Oct. 2009 All Regions Workshop #2

East Sicily TS new payloadEast Sicily TS new payload SensorSensor raterate ModelModel

3-C broad-band seismometer * 100 Hz Guralp CMG-1T (0.0027-50 Hz)

Differential Pressure Gauge (DPG) 10 Hz Prototype Univ. California-St. Diego

Hydrophone (Geophysics) 200 Hz OAS E-2PD

Hydrophone (Geophysics) 2000 Hz SMID (0.05-1000 Hz)

4+4 Hydrophones (Bio-acoustics) 96 /192 kHz ** SMID (100-70000 Hz)

Absolute Pressure Gauge (APG) * 15 s Paroscientific 8CB4000-I

3-C Accelerometer + 3-C Gyro (IMU) * 100 Hz Gladiator Technologies Landmark 10

Gravity meter 1 Hz Prototype IFSI-INAF

Scalar magnetometer 1 Hz Prototype INGV

Vectorial magnetometer 1 Hz Marine Magnetics Sentinel (3000 m)

ADCP 1 profile/h RDI Workhorse Monitor (600 kHz)

CTD + Turbidity meter 1 s/h SeaBird SBE-37SM-24835 + Wet Lab

3-C single point current meter 2 Hz Nobska MAVS-3

* tsunami early warning system ** 96 kHz at TSN, 192 kHz at TSS


LNS Test Site Laboratoryat Catania harbour:shore data acquisition system; local storage unit

LNS-INFN Catania:main storage unit; servers;1 Gbps connection to internet

Radio Link (30 Mbps)

NEMO JBTest Site South

Test Site North

5 km

5 km

Installation at > 2000 m depth

20 km

LIDO TS North

New ! CREEPof UCL

LIDO TS South

East Sicily TS infrastructure East Sicily TS infrastructure (new configuration)(new configuration)


East-Sicily: CREEP undersea deformation labEast-Sicily: CREEP undersea deformation lab

Study of accelerations preceeding crustal failureStudy of accelerations preceeding crustal failure

10-6 10-9 10-22 10-25

CREEP


PEGASOStructural Funds:

POR Sicily 2000-2006

PotEnziamento di reti Geofisiche e Ambientali Sottomarine (enhancement of geophysical and environmental submarine networks)

INGVINGV


ROV

Deep-Sea Shuttle

Realise handling systems • to service NEMO-SN1 • to become NEMO-SN1 an “open lab” to host other marine experiments

Main objectivesMain objectives

Abyssal station

PEGASO


PEGASO handling systemssystems

ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) with manipulators and 200-m tether for horizontal movements (operative depth 4000 m)

DSS (Deep-Sea Shuttle) vehicle for safe deployment/ recovery of ROV garage and heavy platforms (up to 30 kN, operative depth 4000 m)

PEGASO


Deep-Sea Shuttle PEGASO


ROVSeaEyeCougar

[3500-m dive test at the end of

2009]

PEGASO


Optical sensors

Electronic vessels

MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) & Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)& Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) INGVINGV

Favali et al, 2006a; Migneco et al., 2006

NEMO-SN1NEMO-SN1The 1st cabled prototype node forEMSO and test site for KM3NET

Synergy between the 2 ESFRIESFRI infrastructure KM3NET KM3NET andand EMSO EMSO

East Sicily (Western Ionian Sea)


INGVINGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy) ITUITU - Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey)

IFREMERIFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France)

UiTUiT - University of Tromsø (Norway)

NOCSNOCS - National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom)

HCMRHCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece)

KDMKDM - Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany)

IMIIMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland)

NIOZNIOZ - Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands)

UGOTUGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden)

UTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)

FFCULFFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)


EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures), is the European network of seafloor observatories (cabled & acoustically linked), constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term (mainly) real-time monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystems, global changes and geo-hazards to study also the interactions between geo-, bio- and hydro-sphere

In the EC-FP7 EMSO Preparatory Phase (12 countries) started in April 2008 for 4 years, with the aim to design and create the legal entity in charge of the infrastructure

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GBIR

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IP E

NL

GRTU


What do Seafloor Observatories need for?What do Seafloor Observatories need for?

• To study the Earth as an integrated system: geo- bio- hydro-sphere

• To provide long time series for the study of multiple, interrelated processes to highlight temporal scale and variability of the phenomena

“Illuminating the Hidden Planet. The future of Seafloor Observatory Science”, NRC - National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 2000


• Role of the Ocean in ClimateRole of the Ocean in Climate• Turbulent mixing and Biophysical interactionsTurbulent mixing and Biophysical interactions• Ecosystem dynamics and BiodiversityEcosystem dynamics and Biodiversity• Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust • Dynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interiorDynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interior

Scientific ThemesScientific Themes

http://www.oceanleadership.org/ocean_observing


EQ faults

magma chambersMantle

convection

geodetic spreading

hydrothermalism

Time & Space scales of major ocean and earth processesTime & Space scales of major ocean and earth processes

Redrawn from figure courtesy of Dudley Chelton, Oregon State University (see also Dichey & Chang, 2001)


Interdisciplinary research prioritiesInterdisciplinary research priorities

• Physical oceanography water mass characterisation, water column processes, thermodynamics, ice cover, climatology, and impacts on climate change

• Biogeochemistry global carbon cycle and elemental cycling within the ocean through both physical and biological processes, and ocean acidification

• Marine ecology distribution and abundance of sea life, ocean productivity, biodiversity, ecosystem function, living resources, and climate feedbacks

• Geosciences transfer from Earth’s interior to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere, fluid flow and gas seepage through sediments and gas hydrate, non-living resources, sediment transfer to deep-sea and climate change

• Geo-hazards earthquake and tsunami hazard, volcanic hazard, slope instability and failure


What are seafloor observatory?What are seafloor observatory?

Unmanned, multi-sensor platforms at a fixed site with long-term (years) operative life, potentiality to make measurements from above the air-sea interface to below the seafloor, and with different configurations related to the communications and power:

1) 1) Stand-aloneStand-alone:: power with battery packs and limited capacity of power with battery packs and limited capacity of data transmission (e.g., data capsules or acoustic link from the data transmission (e.g., data capsules or acoustic link from the surface)surface)

2)2) Acoustically linkedAcoustically linked:: communication by acoustics to an communication by acoustics to an infrastructure (e.g., moored buoy, another observatory)infrastructure (e.g., moored buoy, another observatory)

4) 4) CabledCabled:: power supply and real-time data transmission (e.g., power supply and real-time data transmission (e.g., retired, dedicated or shared cables devoted to other scientific retired, dedicated or shared cables devoted to other scientific activities)activities)

3)3) Buoy connectedBuoy connected:: physically moored to a surface buoy physically moored to a surface buoy


Configurations of observatory

cabledbuoy connected


GEOSTARGEOSTARGEGEophysical and OOceanographic

STSTation for AAbyssal RResearch

GEOSTAR buoyGEOSTAR buoy

GEOSTARGEOSTAR

MODUSMODUS

Beranzoli et al., 1998; Beranzoli, Favali & Smriglio (eds.), Dev. Mar. Tech., 12, Elsevier, 2002; Favali et al, 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b

Acoustically linked observatory


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EMSO

NEPTUNE (Canada)

DONET (Japan)

MACHO (Taiwan)

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MARS(USA)

VENUS(Canada)

OOI(USA)

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Long-Term, Real-TimeCabled Observatories


ImpactImpact

Public PolicyPublic Policy– EnvironmentalEnvironmental– ResourcesResources– Public health and safetyPublic health and safety– SecuritySecurity

Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development– Growth of marine technology industryGrowth of marine technology industry– Innovative technologiesInnovative technologies– TourismTourism

Education and Public EngagementEducation and Public Engagement


Benefits for the SocietyBenefits for the Society

• Natural hazard mitigation (earthquakes, tsunamis)• Understanding climate changes• Marine environment preservation and sustainable

development• Strong impact on SMEs in marine technologies• Potential involvement of the oil companies and

biotecnology industries• Impact on education and job creation opportunities


PerspectivesPerspectives

Short-term:

• The EMSO Preparatory Phase will create the legal governance to establish and manage the infrastructure

• In most of the EMSO sites permanent structures are under development

Long-term:

• Multidisciplinary time series (sub-seafloor, seafloor and water column) to study Ecosystems, Global changes, Earth Sciences and Geo-hazards and for Environment protection

• Platform for data access and management

• Marine component of GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems)


Running S&T activities

Status of the Sites Status of the Sites

Test sites (shallow water)

Permanent infrastructures


Synergies with other ESFRI ESFRI Infrastructures

SIOS


Synergies between the ESFRI ESFRI Infrastructures

• Sharing facilities (e.g., cables, junction boxex, handling systems, logistics)

• New developments in marine technology and sensors

• Approach to newly scientific themes of common interest

• Impact on education and job creation opportunities (i.e. new expertises )

• EMSO as reference project for the “Associated Sciences”

&


Thank you Thank you for your attentionfor your attention

Paolo Favali (on behalf of the other Authors)Paolo Favali (on behalf of the other Authors)EMSO-PP Co-ordinatorEMSO-PP Co-ordinator

[email protected]@ingv.it

nemo-sn1 observatory developments in view of the european research infrastructures

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