Neoclassicism, Neoclassicism, Realism, and Realism, and NaturalismNaturalism

NeoclassicismNeoclassicism• Orderly and solemn• Calm and rational• Subjects are often historical or from

mythology• Though art should be morally

“uplifting”• “Founder”- J.L. David

Architecture showed order, elements of antiquity, columns, pediments, and the influence of Palladio

Grand Theatre, Bordeaux, France

Paris Opera House1900

20002000

Maison Acquart

Bordeaux, France

Antonio

Canova

Neoclassicism,

Ingres, “Jupiter” and

“Jupiter” (detail)

Ingres, “Odalisque””

The Greek poet Sappho

Neoclassic bust of Voltaire by Houdon

David, “Oath of Horatii”

Poussin, “Rape of the Sabine Women”

Bodoni’s Greek and Roman classics

“the typographic expression of neoclassicism and a return to ‘antique

virtue’”

Realism• “a force that would dominate the second

half of the nineteenth century”• “precise imitation of visual perceptions

without alteration”• Subjects from their own lives/experiences

• “sense of muted sobriety to art”• Strong connection to the Industrial

Revolutions RESULTS

Bonheur, “The Horse Fair”

Bonheur, “Doe and Fawn in a Thicket”

Bonheur, “Gathering for the Hunt”Bonheur, “Gathering for the Hunt”

Rosa Bonheur(1822-1899)

Disguised as aman to sketch and paint, worked in aslaughterhouse tolearn anatomy, had to obtain a permit to wear

trousers inpublic

Honore Daumier, “in the Theatre”

Daumier,

“Advise to Young

Artist”

Daumier, “The Butcher”

Daumier, “The Third Class Carriage”

Daumier,

“Trasnonain Street”

Henri deToulouse-Lautrec

“Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec…bohemian artist of the Moulin Rouge…captured the spirit and

emotion of the belle époque…"beautiful era" in Paris”

Unknown at the time, Henri suffered from a genetic condition

that prevented his bones from healing properly. At maturity, Lautrec was 4 1/2 feet tall. But his great misfortune was a sort of blessing in disguise, at least

from our perspective…he was no longer able to follow in the

typically aristocratic pastimes of riding and hunting. Instead, he

focused on sketching and painting.

Lautrec captured the spirit and emotion of his era in his posters

and portraits.

Are these the only schools of

art in the NineteenthCentury?

Wow. We sure learned a huge amount about the schools of art and literature in the Nineteenth

Century today.

No!

Fear Not! We still have many exciting art lessons to come! And now let’s talk about literature.

A new “school” developed in the late 1800’s…

Naturalism

“…in literature…a belief in the determining power of natural forces

like heredity and environment”

Emile Zola

Honore de Balzac

Gustave Flaubert

When her father died in 1849, Mary Ann moved to London

and her literary interest blossomed.

Her first novel Scenes of a Clerical Life was published in

1857 under the name of George Eliot. Many of the

characters and scenes in this first novel and a number that followed reference her life in

Warwickshire as a girl.

Thomas Hardy

Count Leo Nikolaevich

Tolstoy

“War and Peace is a vast epic centered on Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia in 1812.

It was conceived on Tolstoy's view that history proceeds inexorably to its own ends with

mankind appearing as an incidental instrument of the historical process. There are over five

hundred characters in the book and the story presents a complete tableau of Russian society from 1805 to 1820, encompassing emperors,

ministers, generals, officers, soldiers, nobles and peasants.

Tolstoy succeeds in expounding his views of life by attributing to his characters the contrasting

qualities which he felt were to be adopted or eschewed in order to reach a proper

understanding of mankind's place in the world.”

"The fear of dying without ever having known love was

greater than the fear of death itself.  I know now, I was not alone in the horror of this darkness.  So too was the fear of Anna Karenina."

 

Theodore Dreiser

American Novelist…

So why is he included in European History?

“Sister Carrie is an epic of city life, of transient idealists besieged by industrialism

and its anonymity. It is the story of two people, at once attracted and repelled by

their vastly different backgrounds, who in the course of involvement, are led into wholly unexpected areas of experience. Provincial and naive, Carrie becomes

involved with Hurstwood, a respectable Chicago tavern manager twice her age, who

alienates himself from his family. Out of despair he resorts to theft, is compelled to

flee and cannot obtain employment. Carrie, in turn, becomes a chorus girl and later,

under the dubious glow of her fame as an actress, their tragedy crystallizes.”

“An American Tragedy tells the story, based on a

sensational true crime, of a young man who is working his

way towards the American dream and refuses to let a pregnant former girlfriend

stand in the way of his chance for romance with a wealthy

woman.  He takes the slattern out in a boat & clobbers her, but is tried and executed for

the crime.”

Feodor Dostoevsk

i

“This 1866 novel is Dostoevsky's great fictional study of the criminal mind, in the

character of the student Raskolnikov, who murders an aged pawnbroker.

Initially, Raskolnikov believes that the killing was entirely justified, but as the novel proceeds he becomes tortured by his guilt, and begins to question all his

most passionately held beliefs. Eventually, while the wily police inspector Porfiry Petrovich simply waits, Raskolnikov--prompted by Sonia, a prostitute who is

devoted to him--breaks down and confesses. Despite its bleak subject

matter, the novel holds out the possibility of redemption; it is also an indictment of the social conditions in which the action

unfolds.”

“It tells the story of the murder of a depraved landowner, Fyodor Karamazov, and the ensuing

investigation and trial, concentrating on the parts played by Karamazov's three sons, Mitya, Ivan and Alyosha. Ivan is a revolutionary intellectual, while the young novice Alyosha is,

according to Dostoyevsky, the novel's ‘hero’. It is Mitya's passion for two

women that contributes to disaster, and it is he who inwardly accepts the guilt

of his father's murderer. “

What Dostoyevsky thought“I'd die happy if I could finish this final novel, for I would have

expressed myself completely.”

“Who does not wish his

father dead?”