neonatal tetanus 20060705

8/11/2019 Neonatal Tetanus 20060705

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Tetanus Toxoid

MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing Workshop


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International Goals & Targets

MDG 5: Reduce by three quarters the maternal

mortality ratio

Strategy: Elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus

Target: Reduce incidenceof neonatal tetanus to lessthan 1 case of neonatal tetanus per 1000 live births in

every district


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International Goals & Targets

By 2005, Reduction in infantand under-five mortality rate

by at least 1/3, in pursuit of

the goal of reducing it by 2/3

by 2015

Eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus by 2005


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Background

Caused by tetanus spores, a bacteriafound everywhere in the environment

Transmission occurs when there is

contact with broken skin such as aninfants umbilical cord

Poverty, poor hygiene and limited

access to health services increase therisk for transmission during childbirth


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Background

Prevention is possible by:

1. Immunization of pregnant women with at least2 doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine (TT2+),

passing protection to the newborn for up tofirst two months of life

2. Immunization of women of childbearing agewho live in areas of high risk fortransmission (delivery of immunizationsusually through campaigns)

3. Promotion of clean delivery and cord carepractices


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Background

Deaths of children by cause for vaccine preventable diseases

(As of March 2004; source WHO)

Cause 2002

Under 5 Over 5

Diphtheria 4,000 1,000

Measles 540,000 71,000

Poliomyelitis .. ..

Tetanus (excluding NT) 18,000 15,000

Neonatal Tetanus 180,000 ..

Pertussis 294,000

Yellow Fever 15,000 15,000

Haemophilus Influenzae B 413,000

Total 1,464,000 102,000


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Note: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used

on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by theUnited Nations.

MNT not eliminated

Countries with TT campigns

MNT eliminated* includes Timor-Leste

1997 2000 2002

248,000

200,000

180,000

Neonatal Tetanus

death reduction

Situation of Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus(Remains a prob lem in 48 coun tr ies)


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Indicator

Neonatal tetanus p rotect ion

(pro tect ion at bir th against tetanus)

Numerator Number of mothers of live births in the

previous year with at least two doses of TTwithin appropriate interval prior to infants

birth

Denominator Total number of women surveyed aged 15-49 years with a birth in the year preceding

the survey


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Methodological issues

-Data collected for all births during the 2 yearsbefore the surveyindicator includes only

those during the last one year

-Complex algorithm for the estimation of thenumerator


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Methodological issues

o two TT doses during the pregnancy (TT3>=2)o one TT dose during the pregnancy and at least

one TT dose prior to the pregnancy (TT3=1 ANDTT6>=1)

o at least two TT doses prior to the pregnancy ofwhich the last dose was less than 3 years beforethe birth

o with 3 doses within the 5 years before thepregnancy

o with 4 doses with the last dose less than 10years before the pregnancy

o with 5 doses or more ever (TT6>=5).


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Country data CEE/CIS

Neonatal tetanus protection (%), 2004

Turkey 41%


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Country data Eastern and Southern Africa

Neonatal tetanus protection (%),2004

62

45

45

46

53

55

60

60

61

62

67

7070

70

75

76

83

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Eastern and Southern Africa

Burundi

Ethiopia

Comoros

Uganda

Madagascar

Mozambique

Somalia

South Africa

Eritrea

Namibia

KenyaMalawi

Zimbabwe

Angola

Rwanda

Zambia

Tanzania


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Country data West and Central Africa


57

3335

40

4042

43

4550

51

56

5860

61

6565

69

7075

76

7785

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

West and Central Af rica

MauritaniaLiberia

Equitorial Guinea

ChadCentral Af rican

Niger

GabonMali

Nigeria

Guinea-BissauCongo Dem. Rep.

Cameroon

TogoBurkina FasoCongo

BeninGhana

Cte dIvoire

Sierra LeoneGuinea

Senegal


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Country data MENA


21

37

70

71

0 20 40 60 80 100

Yemen

Sudan

Iraq

Egypt


15/17

Country data LAC


Haiti 52%


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Country data South Asia


70

35

42

45

45

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

South Asia

Afghanistan

Nepal

Bangladesh

Pakistan

India


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neonatal tetanus 20060705

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