nepad southern african water centres of...

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Mr. Reginald Dennis - University of Botswana Prof. BP Parida - University of Botswana Ms Dominique Mannel - Stellenbosch University Dr. Piet Kenabatho - University of Botswana Dr. Eberhard Braune - University of the Western Cape

2013

NEPAD Southern African Water Centres of Excellence

Delivering Capacity across the SADC region’s Water Sector – JLP 1.4

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1.1 LIST OF AGRONYMS

AMCOW African Ministers’ Council On Water

AMCOST African Ministerial Council On Science and Technology

ANBO African Network for River Organisations

COEs Centres of excellences

CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

DVCSA Deputy Vice Chancellor-Student Affairs

DWA Department of Water Affairs

EAC East African Community

EC European Commission

EU European Union

FET Further Educational Training

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale

Zusammenarbeit GWP-SA Global Water Partnership-Southern Africa

IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management

JRC Joint Research Commission

KCS Kalahari Conservation Society

NEPAD SANWATCE New Partnership for Africa’s Development

OST NEPAD Office of Science and Technology

RBO River Basin Organisation

R&D Research and Development

SADC Southern African Development Community

SANWATCE Southern African Water Centres of Excellence

UB University of Botswana

UEM University of Eduardo Montlane

UNIMA University of Malawi

US University of Stellenbosch

UWC University of Western Cape

UNZA University of Zambia

WARFSA Water Research Fund for Southern Africa

WRC Water Research Commission

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Contents

1.1 LIST OF AGRONYMS ............................................................................................ 2

1.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 5

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 6

3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 7

3.1 RECOMMENDATIONS: .......................................................................................... 7

4 OBJECTIVES of the workshop ....................................................................................... 7

5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 8

5.1 Institutions Present ............................................................................................... 11

5.2 Accommodation and logistics arrangement ........................................................... 12

5.3 Workshop Agenda: Undertakings to date and expected output to emerge from the

Workshop. ....................................................................................................................... 12

Below is a summary of the Workshop agenda, as proposed by NEPAD SANWATCE

members: ........................................................................................................................ 12

5.4 Schedule of activities ............................................................................................ 13

5.4.1 Day one: Official Opening Ceremony ............................................................. 13

5.4.2 Session 2: European Commission- Joint Research Centre (JRC) Project

Presentations: Chair, Mr NicoElema. ........................................................................... 15

5.4.3 DAY TWO (14/06/12) ..................................................................................... 32

1. Strategy, planning and policy making ........................................................................... 33

2. Stakeholder engagement ............................................................................................. 33

3. Water resources development, allocation and management ........................................ 33

4. Water user services ..................................................................................................... 33

5.5 Plenary Session and the way-forward ................................................................... 35

5.5.1 Plenary session ............................................................................................. 35

5.5.2 Way forward .................................................................................................. 36

5.5.3 Concluding statement: Mr. Reginald Tekateka: ANBO ................................... 36

5.6 Recommendations ................................................................................................ 37

5.7 ANNEXTURE ........................................................................................................ 38

5.7.1 Programme of Events .................................................................................... 38

5.7.2 Invitation Letters ............................................................................................ 40

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List of tables

Table 1: Name and institution of delegates invited to attend the workshop ........................... 9

Table 2: Name and institution of delegates that attended the workshop .............................. 10

Table 1: Strategic areas and objectives of the RSAP 3 17

Table 2: The fundamental principles of knowledge management systems…………………30

List of figures

Figure 1: Population distribution in Europe and Africa 18 Figure 2: The SADC Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Cube. 19 Figure 3: results showing level of research activities in SADC 21 Figure 4: Institutions supporting and implementing Capacity Building in SADC. 23 Figure 5: The CAPNET Strategy. 24 Figure 6: A Framework for Water Sector Governance 26 Figure 7: Capacity development framework (Source: UNESCO) 28

List of Annexures

Programme of Events……………………………………………………… 37

Invitation Letters 40

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1.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The institutions nominated by New Partnership for Africa’s Development as Centres of

Excellence (CoEs) in Southern Africa are Stellenbosch University (The coordinating hub),

University of Botswana, University of the Western Cape, University of KwaZulu Natal,

University of Malawi, University of Zambia, The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

(CSIR) and Eduardo Mondlane University. The University of Botswana was responsible for

hosting this regional workshop, which mainly focused on identifying the skills gaps in the

water sector and how best to address this issue, mainly through capacity building.

University of Botswana was the lead institution of task JLP 1.4 of this report and appreciates

the NEPAD SANWATCE consortium members for their support and guidance in the

production of this report. The NEPAD SANWATCE members were: Prof. J Goldin, Prof. E

Braune, Prof. D Nkhuwa, Dr. K Kennedy, Dr. B Araujo, Dr. J Namangale, Dr.S Samson, Ms.

D. Mannel and Regional Programme Manager, Mr. N Elema.

We would like to acknowledge the delegates who attended the regional workshop in

Gaborone, Botswana, as it would not have been successful without their valuable inputs.

Some of the delegates who attended the workshop were: David Love (WATERnet), Diana

Banda (Zambia), Kenneth Msibi (SADC), Reginald Tekateka (ANBO), BalakidziNduna

(Department of Environmental Affairs, Botswana), Felix Monggae (Kalahari Conservation

Society),Inga Jacobs (Water Research Commission), Kevin Wall (CSIR) , Nick Tandi

(Capnet), Roopa Karia (US AID), Makondo Wecyslouvtimu (Lusaka Water and Sewage

Company), and Phera Ramoeli (SADC Water).See the complete list of attendance in Table 4

.

The NEPAD SANWATCE acknowledges the support of the European Commission Joint

Research Commission in making the efforts in this project possible.

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2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The workshop to which this document refers to was held at Gaborone, Botswana which is

one of 13 parts of the activities under the EC-JRC support project to the NEPAD Water

Centres of Excellence. The workshop took place from 12th June to 14th June 2012 under the

theme: Delivering Capacity across the Region’s Water Sectors.

Based on the European Union’s approach of Joint Learning Programmes (JLP), the

workshop was planned to share knowledge; to break into smaller groups to discuss and

unpack the various challenges within the water sector. Based on these discussions the

following recommendations emerged:

NEPAD SANWATCE wants to further define skills gaps across the water sectors,

identify existing and future resources that can support and assist to bridge and fill

these gaps. NEPAD SANWATCE can achieve this by building capacity in SADC

nations and to assist donors to co-ordinate their funding to achieve these goals. This

can be achieved through high end research and development (R&D), which should

form the main niche of NEPAD SANWATCE.

NEPAD SANWATCE need to align our activities with SADC strategies in order to

remain relevant in addressing water issues in the region.

Collaborating with (and complementing) other existing organisations is required to

avoid duplication of efforts and unnecessary conflicts of interest.

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3 INTRODUCTION

The NEPAD Southern Africa Network of Water Centres of Excellence (SANWATCE) plans to

facilitate partnerships among the region’s water sector stakeholders, undertake applied

scientific research; training, capacity building and developing network actions among

research institutions across the water sectors within the SADC region. NEPAD SANWATCE

members have been provided with funds by the European Union Joint Research Centre (EU

JRC) of the European Commission to undertake research that aims at achieving joint

learning.

The workshop to which this document refers to was held at Gaborone, Botswana as one of

the activities under the EC support project to the NEPAD Water Centres of Excellence. It

brought together experts from the water-sector of the SADC region. Based on the EU’s

approach of Joint Learning Programmes, the intentions were to share knowledge; to break

into smaller groups to discuss and unpack the various challenges within the water sector; to

provide feedback to the rest of the delegates after group discussions, and then summarise a

plan to which NEPAD SANWATCE can commit to by bringing some solutions to the water

sector’s challenges. The workshop further identified and established NEPAD SANWATCE’s

niche in the water sector which is to contribute to the improved human and environmental

well-being through research and development in water and sanitation.

3.1 RECOMMENDATIONS:

NEPAD SANWATCE wants to further define key skills gaps across the water sectors.

Identify existing and future resources that can be applied to fill these gaps by building

the capacity SADC nations need.

Assist donors to co-ordinate their funds to achieve these ends. This can be achieved

through high-end research and development (R&D).

Need to align NEPAD SANWATCE activities with SADC strategies in order to remain

relevant in addressing water issues in the region.

Collaborating with (and complementing) other existing organisations is necessary, in

order to avoid duplication of efforts and unnecessary conflicts of interest.

4 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP

The objectives are to have a consultative workshop at regional level in order to set priority

activities for members of the COE Network and to facilitate appropriate planning.

A regional open multi-stakeholder consultative seminar was held to define the most

appropriate priorities and to start planning for the 2nd phase of the JLP Sector Wide

Approach (SWAP) and its implementation in the water sector. The result of this consultation

is identified below:

a) The countries where the JLP seminars/trainings would be held,

b) The thematic fields to be addressed and the timing,

c) Existing stakeholders and role players in water sector within the region, in order to

establish mechanisms through which SANWATCE can collaborate with.

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The results of this multi-stakeholder consultation seminar will be uploaded onto the

AQUAKNOW.NET website, including the study report. The JRC will benefit from this

document to identify technical scientific priorities of the partner countries for future

collaborations.

5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The NEPAD SANWATCE consortium members decided collectively to have the Consultative

Planning Seminar in Gaborone, Botswana. Since the University of Botswana is the lead

institution of this task it was practical from a logistical point of view to host it in Gaborone.

The NEPAD SANWATCE consortium members wanted to invite key people with good

knowledge and experience within the water sector to attend the workshop. Dr. Piet

Kenabatho from the University of Botswana coordinated the workshop, together with his

colleague Prof BP. Parida. The Coordinators wrote invitation letters to invite delegates to the

workshop (annex2). The following people were invited as listed in Table 3.

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Table 3: Name and institution of delegates invited to attend the workshop

Name Institution

Prof Alaphia UNESCO

Dr. Harrison Pienaar CSIR, Pretoria

Me. Dominique Mannel Stellenbosch University

Prof. Eugene Cloete Stellenbosch University

Mr.NicoElema NEPAD SANWATCE SECRETARIAT

Prof.Bhagabat P Parida University of Botswana

Dr.PietKenabatho University of Botswana

Dr. Bruno De Araujo University of Eduardo Mondlane,

Mozambique

Prof.GrahamJewitt University of KwaZulu-Natal

Dr. Jimmy Namangale University of Malawi

Dr.Daniel C.W Nkhuwa University of Zambia

Prof. YongxinXu University of the Western Cape

Prof. EberhardBraune University of the Western Cape

Prof JaquiGoldin University of the Western Cape

Prof. Samson Sajidu University of Malawi

Me. Anneline Morgan SA-DST

Dr.BonganiMaseko SA-DST

Dr. Henry Roman SA- DST

Prof. AggreyAmbali NEPAD - OST

Prof. Kane West Africa Water Sciences Network

Dr. Heidi Snyman WRC

Mr. N Tandi CAP-NET UNDP

Mr. David Love WATERnet

Mr.PheraRamoeli SADC Water

Mr. Peter van Niekerk Department of Water Affairs

Representative IRD Representative

Mr RM Tekateka African Network for River Basin

Organisations (ANBO)

Dr. Kenneth Msibi SADC Water

Dr.Horst Vogel GIZ (GBE)

Dr. Bertrand Meinier GIZ (GBE)

Dr.Ngosa Howard Mpamba Dept of Water Affairs, Ground water

Division

Ms.Diana University of Zambia

Mr.MekiChirwa University of Zambia

Mr.Makondo Lukanga Water and Sewerage Company

Dr.SengoDelario DNA, Mozambique

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Name Institution

Dr.ObolokileObakeng Department of Water Affairs, Botswana

Mr.LenkaThamae ORASECOM

Mr. Felix Monggae Kalahari Conservation Society

Mr Nduna Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA),

Botswana

Ruth Beukman Global Water Partnership-Southern Africa

Mr.DhesigenNaidoo WRC

Dr.Themba Gumbo CAP-NET

Mr. Godfrey Mudanga Water Utilities Corporation

Mr.NdunaBalakidzi Department of Environmental Affairs

Mr. Jimmy Opelo Department of Waste management and

Pollution Control, Botswana

Ms.SylviaMachimana INKOMATI

Dr.EbenizárioChonguiça OKACOM

Mr.Sitoe Sergio LIMCOM

Dr.TombaleTombale GWP-SA

Dr.Jordi GALLEGO-AYALA Instituto de InvestigaçãoemÁguas

Mr. Steve Horn USAID/Southern Africa

Mr. Gift Manase SADC Secretariat, Directorate of

Infrastructure and Services - Water Division

Table 2 indicates who accepted the invitation and attended the workshop as well as from

which institution they are affiliated with

Table 4: Name and institution of delegates that attended the workshop

NAME & SURNAME INSTITUTION

1. Jimmy Namangale NEPAD SANWATCE

2. Dominique Mannel NEPAD SANWATCE

3. NicoElema NEPAD SANWATCE

4. Bruno Araujo NEPAD SANWATCE

5. Daniel Nkhuwa NEPAD SANWATCE

6. EberhardBraune NEPAD SANWATCE

7. Keith Kennedy NEPAD SANWATCE

8 Piet Kenabatho NEPAD SANWATCE

9 B.P. Parida NEPADSANWATCE

10 David Love WATERnet

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11. Diana Banda Zambia

12. Kenneth Msibi SADC Water

13. Reginald Tekateka African Network for River Basin

Organisations (ANBO)

14. BalakidziNduna DEA

15. Inga Jacobs WRC

16. Sajidu Samson University of Malawi

17. Kevin Wall CSIR

18. Nick Tandi Cap-net

19. RoopaKaria US Aid (Pretoria office)

20. WencyMakondo Lukanga Water and Sewerage

Company, Zambia

21. PheraRamoeli SADC Water

5.1 Institutions Present

Below is a list of institutions represented at the workshop:

1. University of Stellenbosch

2. University of Malawi

3. University of Zambia

4. Eduardo Mondlane University (Mozambique)

5. University of Botswana

6. Kalahari Conservation Society (Botswana)

7. Department of Water Affairs (Botswana)

8. Department of Environmental Affairs (Botswana)

9. University of Western Cape (South Africa)

10. University of Kwazulu Natal (South Africa)

11. USAID (Pretoria Office South Africa)

12. Water Research Commission (South Africa)

13. Private Water Company (Lukanga Water and Sewerage Company ,Zambia)

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5.2 Accommodation and logistics arrangement

The University of Botswana and Stellenbosch University (HUB) arranged with Mondior Hotel

in Gaborone to accommodate the delegates. Accommodation, flight tickets and transport

was arranged via Neelsie Travel in Stellenbosch. Since Stellenbosch University is

responsible for all financial transactions related to NEPAD SANWATCE, SU assisted UB in

organizing the transport, flights, catering and accommodation. All payments were done by

the NEPAD SANWATCE Secretariat through Stellenbosch University.

Workshop Venue and dates:

The Workshop was held at the University of Botswana Campus in Block 252, lecture theatre

4, which is one of the new buildings of the university. The venue had state of the art

conference equipment, including projectors and public address systems. The Workshop

was conducted from 12th June to 14th June 2012 under the theme: Delivering Capacity

across the Region’s Water Sectors.

5.3 Workshop Agenda: Undertakings to date and expected output to emerge from

the Workshop.

Below is a summary of the Workshop agenda, as proposed by NEPAD

SANWATCE members:

We have, using initial inputs from experts, compiled opinions on skills gaps in the

region. Our findings are incomplete due to constraints and we plan to get expert

inputs to assess the findings and identify means and funding streams to fill skills

gaps.

We are considering appropriate communication strategies that will support integrative

processes of IWRM. Knowledge Management (KM) is an element that could benefit

IWRM implementation in the region. We would like to explore this activity as a means

of strengthening management of resources to water sector stakeholders.

There is need to partner with existing and future NEPAD SANWATCE members to

supplement other institutions’ actions in addressing similar concerns and issues in

the region.

The overall goal is to set out a list of actions to be undertaken that enhance training

and educational levels not only within formal educational programmes but with short

courses and targeting events that address key skills gaps.

There are scheduled country workshops [April-May 2013] and we hope that expert

inputs can help identify appropriate content that would go beyond the one already

presented.

We would like experts to suggest who from a regional perspective would benefit from

the process and their institutions by attending one or more of the planned country

workshops.

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5.4 Schedule of activities

5.4.1 Day one: Official Opening Ceremony

5.4.1.1 Welcome Remarks: Professor B. Moseki: Acting Dean,

Faculty of Science, University of Botswana

In his remarks, the acting Dean welcomed the delegates to the University of Botswana. He

appreciated the efforts of Department of Environmental Science for having hosted the

workshop and for being members of NEPAD SANWATCE. He mentioned that as a faculty

which is dedicated to science and technology, they are hoping to contribute meaningfully in

the workshop as well as to learn from delegates from different institutions of Southern Africa.

He encouraged everybody to use this opportunity to learn more about the university and the

city of Gaborone.

5.4.1.2 Introduction of NEPAD SANWATCE (Mr.NicoElema)

Mr Elema informed participants that the COEs are a NEPAD initiative through the African

Ministers’ Council Of Water (AMCOW) and the African Ministerial Council On Science and

Technology (AMCOST) organs. These are established to tackle a wide range of issues on

water through science and technology to achieve sustainable development. The COEs were

established under the Office of Science and Technology (OST) in 2009 within the NEPAD

structures. Five regions were defined where these COEs will be established. The regions

are, Southern Africa, North Africa, West Africa, East Africa and Central Africa. Specific goals

underpinning the COEs are:

Improve conservation and utilization of the continent’s water resources

Improve the quality and the quantity of water available to rural and urban households

Strengthen national and regional capacities for water resources management and

reduce impacts of water related disasters

Enlarge the range of technologies for water supply and improve access to affordable

quality water.

It was noted that so far, only two COEs have been established, i.e. Southern and West

Africa. These were established through a Call of Expression of Interest, and a rigorous

evaluation was made based on, among others, the resources and expertise available at the

institutions that had applied. A joint solicitation process between SADC Water Division and

NEPAD will take place in the near future to further expand the network. For West Africa, the

following institutions are members of the NEPAD Western African Network of Water Centres

:

i. The coordinator (also known as the Hub) is the Doctoral School on Water from

University of Cheikh Anta Diop (Senegal).

ii. University of Cheikh Anta Diop (Senegal)

iii. International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (Burkina)

iv. Université of Benin (Nigeria)

v. National Water Resources Institute (Nigeria)

vi. Kwame Nkrumah University for Sciences and Technology (Ghana)

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For southern Africa, known as NEPAD Southern African Network of Water Centres of

Excellence (SANWATCE) has the following members:

i. The Coordinator of the Network (Hub) is Stellenbosch University (South Africa).

ii. Stellenbosch University (South Africa)

iii. International Centre for Water Economics and Governance in Africa (Mozambique)

iv. University of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)

v. University of Western Cape (South Africa)

vi. University of Malawi (Malawi)

vii. University of Zambia (Zambia)

viii. University of Botswana (Botswana)

ix. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR (South Africa)

NEPAD SANWATCE is now planning to establish at least one COE in each of the 15 SADC

Member States. Its vision is to grow a network that will address water issues through high

end scientific research and development to achieve the best sustainable water management

strategies in Africa and to achieve policy impact on the African continent.

The main objectives of SANWATCE are:

1. Development of new knowledge and technology through scientific research and

development

2. Education and training at higher levels, mainly at PhD level to address specific water

issues which are country specific done through scientific research.

3. Information brokerage through promotion of knowledge sharing and transfer activities

4. Networking actively collaborating between local and international institutions, negotiating

to realise international partnerships

5. Service rendering through providing information analysis and policy

5.4.1.3 Statement from SADC Water Division: Mr P. Ramoeli (SADC

Secretariat)

Since early 1990s SADC has been facilitating research collaborations on water resources

management through science and technology. These efforts lead to the formation of regional

initiatives such as WATERnet which coordinates trainings to assist member states on water

management. Others include WARFSA (Water Research Fund for Southern Africa) which

was responsible for facilitating funds for research to build capacity in the water sector. Mr

Ramoeli reminded the audience that research on water resources has been essential since

its inception in 1998, and has been important to acknowledge the link between science,

policy and society. There are challenges faced by communities however, with researchers

such as SANWATCE, a wide range of issues on water, including effects of climate change

could be adequately addressed. Above all it is important to coordinate and build synergies

with existing efforts, institutions and networks.

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5.4.1.4 Keynote address from the University of Botswana: Prof

Lydia Nyathi-Saleshando-Deputy Vice Chancellor-Student

Affairs (DVCSA) who was the acting Deputy Vice Chancellor-

Academic Affairs (DVCAA).

The DVCSA applauded the Department of Environmental Science for organising the

workshop, and the assistance it has offered in water management through research which is

addressing the national objective of enhancing water science and technology. She indicated

that Botswana has limited water inflows to rivers and that the country values water, hence

the national slogan being Pula (a salutation and currency meaning water/rain).

She stated that climate change adaptation is about water management to achieve the

Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s). The Water Sector Reform Strategy in Botswana is

currently being implemented nationally which will be a good match with the objectives set by

NEPAD SANWATCE, and above all University of Botswana is intensively engaged in water

resources through the Office of Research and Development, and this will benefit all areas in

the country from departments of water affairs and environmental affairs. The DVCSA then

declared the conference officially opened.

5.4.1.5 Vote of Thanks: Acting Head Department of Environmental

Science Mr R.J. Sebego

He stated that the conference has come at a time when there is coverage of the RIO+ 20

conference in Brazil and the department is happy to host the conference. He appreciated the

invited guests and all institutions which attended the conference as it would not have been

possible to host the conference without their presence. Thereafter there was a group photo

taken for the participants and tea break

5.4.2 Session 2: European Commission- Joint Research Centre (JRC) Project

Presentations: Chair, Mr NicoElema.

This session was dedicated to presentations about the EU JRC project undertaken by

NEPAD SANWATCE members and partners.

5.4.2.1 Overview: EUJRC Project Overview: Mr NicoElema

Through a call from the European Commission, NEPAD SANWATCE put up a proposal to

implement a European Commission – Joint Research Centre project which comprised 13

tasks. At the heart of these tasks, is the implementation of a Joint Learning Programme

(JLP) as a way of improving water management in the region. One of the tasks is to host a

consultative seminar at regional level to set priority activities for members of the COE

Network and to facilitate appropriate planning, hence having this workshop at the University

of Botswana.

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To facilitate appropriate planning refers to organizing 5 country workshops in each country

who are current consortium members of the NEPAD SANWATCE network. This will ensure

that NEPAD SANWATCE play an active role of collaborating and consulting with partners

and stakeholders in the SADC Region.

The NEPAD African Water Centres of Excellence project is funded by the European

Commission and undertaken by the COE networks in Southern and West Africa. The project

seeks to address the two main objectives of implementing a joint learning programme (JLP)

through a sector wide approach (SWAP) using the regional networks of centres of

excellence in the water sector. The overall benefit will be to improve utilisation and

conservation of water, improve quality and quantity, and strengthen natural and regional

capacities to manage water.

Through the current consultative workshop, existing capacity building initiatives such as

WATERnet and CapNet will be consulted in order to identify areas of collaboration. In

addition, SADC Water will be consulted to establish areas in which NEPAD SANWATCE can

contribute. Some of the documents which are seen as important from SADC Water include

the following:

a). Revised Protocol on Shared water courses (http://www.sadc.int/files/3413/6698/6218 )

b). SADC Regional Water Policy (http://www.sadc.int/documents-publications/show/823 )

c). Regional Water Strategy (http://www.sadc.int/files/2513/5293/3539 )

5.4.2.2 SADC Water Programme & Climate Change Adaptation

Strategy: Dr K. Msibi

Dr Msibi presented the position of SADC WATER as a whole. He stated that the SADC

Treaty has more emphasis on the following key factors: (i) Peace and Stability, (ii) Regional

Integration and (iii) Poverty Eradication. This is achieved mainly by the Regional Indicative

Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) (www.sadc.in).This strategic plan is supported by the

SADC WATER protocol on shared water courses, the regional water policy and the Regional

Water Strategy. The latter has three regional Strategic Action Plans (RSAPs) covering the

period 2000 to 2015.RSAP 4 is planned to go beyond 2015.

As a method of unpacking the current RSAP3, Dr Msibi informed the audience that RSAP 3

focuses on the following strategic areas:

Governance:

Infrastructure:

Management:

The strategic objectives are as follows:

Capacity Development

Climate Change Adaptation, and

Social Development

http://www.sadc.int/files/3413/6698/6218

http://www.sadc.int/documents-publications/show/823

http://www.sadc.int/files/2513/5293/3539

http://www.sadc.in/

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The strategic areas and their objectives are illustrated in Table 5.

Table 5: Strategic areas and objectives of the RSAP 3

Strategic Areas/

Strategic Objectives

GOVERNANCE INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

CAPACITY

DEVELOPMENT

Enabling Environment Facilitation Understanding

CLIMATE CHANGE

ADAPTATION

Awareness Resilience Prevention/

Reduction

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Empowerment Impact Benefit Sharing

The SADC RSAP 3 Conceptual framework is intended to assist the region to develop

sustainable infrastructure, advocate for good governance and sound management strategies

by member states. Regarding climate change adaptation strategies, indigenous knowledge

based on regional experience was highlighted as an option. Some examples include

indigenous water management strategies and the use of drought tolerant crops. When

unpacking the effects of climate change for Africa and the SADC Climate Change Adaptation

(CCA) strategy, Dr Msibi noted that only three percent (3%) of the GHGs (Green House

Gases) come from Africa while Asia, North America and Europe together contribute more

than 80%. More importantly, he reminded the audience that the water sector is directly

impacted by climate change, i.e. a first order impact. For example, an increase in extreme

events such as droughts and floods as well as saline water intrusion in coastal and island

states as a result of sea level rising. By using a population pyramid for Europe and Africa

(Figure 6), Dr Msibi argued that climate change is not about us but it is more about those

who are just born or yet to be born, hence the need to consider development and

infrastructure that will not jeopardise future generations.

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Figure 6: Population distribution in Europe and Africa (Source: Presentation by Dr K. Msibi) The SADC CCA Strategy could be viewed as a strategy aimed at addressing climate change

at different levels, i.e.:

Regional

River basin, and

National/local levels.

This is done using three strategic areas at different stages of intervention as illustrated in

Figure 2.

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Figure 7: The SADC Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Cube. Source: Dr. K. Msibi

For example, the strategic area that needs to be addressed is Water Infrastructure.

This might include designing an artificial groundwater recharge scheme to address

water storage for use during times of droughts and of high evaporation.

This can be done at a River basin level such as in the Limpopo basin.

The stage of intervention could be “preparation”, i.e. before acute water shortage is

experienced by riparian states which are sharing the Limpopo basin.

This is known as the SADC CCA Cube (Figure 7)

In conclusion, Dr Msibi quoted Jerome Bruner’s Educational Theory, which says “You can

teach anything to anyone provided the subject matter is packaged properly to suit the target

recipients”

5.4.2.3 Capacity gaps and a strategy to address them: Identification

of Skills Gaps in the water sector: Ms Dominique Mannel,

University of Stellenbosch

Ms Mannel presented the research results which were conducted for the EC project NEPAD

African Water Centres of Excellence project (under activities JLP 1.1 and 1.2). She

presented the methodology of the project as follows:

Governance

Management

Development

AREAS

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Methodology I (Identifying skills gaps in the water sector in SADC); -

A survey using a questionnaire was piloted among NEPAD SANWATCE members.

A survey using a questionnaire was sent to water experts in SADC to complete.

The use of electronic database called SCOPUS was used to analyse research

outputs in the SADC region.

The 2nd Survey using a questionnaire was resent to SADC water experts and to

NEPAD SANWATCE’s network organisations and individuals working in the water

sector.

A desktop study was done to look for vacancies in water sector in SADC. This gave

an indication of the needs in the region.

A desktop study was done to search for accredited training providers to see if the

gabs can be filled in the region.

Methodology II (Identify educational offerings)

This was done by conducting a desktop study researching specifically for:

• Accredited Training providers and

• Accredited public universities.

Results and Analysis:

Gaps: Based on the Survey:

Ms Mannel reported that:

• The results of the survey was limited due to limited responses-from organizations

such as utilities, networking organizations and water services

• Research gaps in SA, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Botswana, Malawi, were specifically in

irrigation, potable water, climate change, modelling, economic development, waste

water, floods, IWRM, M&E, groundwater, erosion, infrastructure, sanitation, estuary,

governance and energy.

Gaps: Based on Research Outputs:

Based on the online database, SCOPUS, South Africa had the most research

outputs in the SADC region with(67%), followed by Tanzania (12%) and Botswana

(8%).These are research outputs that have been reviewed, published and made

accessible (Figure 8).

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Figure 8: results showing level of research activities in SADC

Gabs: Based on Vacancies open in 15 SADC countries.

Vacancies in the following areas were identified:

• Sanitation scientists/engineer/managers

• Civil Engineers

• Technicians

• General: Social scientists, Human Resources, Project Managers, Artisans

On a positive note, Ms Mannel reported that:

• There are public universities in each SADC country offering water related

degrees/courses

• 25 Accredited training providers in SADC such as WATERnet

It is possible to bridge the gabs by utilizing and optimizing public universities and training

providers in SADC. NEPAD SANWATCE can play a vital role in assisting the region in

bridging the gap.

In conclusion, Ms Mannel presented a proposed strategy to bridge the gap as follows:

• Public awareness

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• Cooperation towards development of new courses aligned with skills shortages.

• Funding to stimulate more research outputs.

• Promote Futher Educational (FET) courses to fill artisans gaps (not only degree

courses)

• Identify existing water related courses and tailor it to fit the needs.

• Strengthen existing undergraduate courses, create new undergraduate and post-

graduate courses and promote training outside university curriculums, e.g FET

courses.

• Strengthen and establish partnerships between capacity development institutions in

the SADC Region.

5.4.2.4 Water capacity building initiatives in SADC: Mr D. Love,

WATERNET

Capacity Building Initiatives in SADC

Mr. Love presented a number of institutions in SADC which support and implement capacity

building (Figure 9). Starting with Global Water Partnership, (GWP-SA), it was reported that

for the last twenty years, GWP-SA has been promoting and facilitating integrated water

resources management (IWRM) in Southern Africa. It is a regional body, operating through

country water partnerships to achieve the following goals:

Policy development & implementation (goals 1&2)

Knowledge management & communications (goal 3)

Networks (goal 4)

Through different mode of delivery, such as (i) learning by doing, (ii) running of regional

Training of Trainers (TOT) workshops, (iii) exchange visits, (iv) access to information such

as GWP’s IWRM toolbox and (v) collaborative training, GWP-SA has helped influence water

policy in the region in the context of IWRM. GWP-SA also partners with WATERnet in many

of the above programmes. For example, GWP SA is now an official partner in the

WATERnet’s annual symposia.

WATERnet

The WATERnet Trust has 73 members consisting of universities and university departments.

These members include all SADC countries (except Seychelles) and all the East African

Community (EAC) countries.

Training (mainly in IWRM) is offered at the University of Dares Salaam and the University of

Zimbabwe. About 469 graduates have been produced since 1999. The preferred students

are employed students and they can go back to their jobs and enhance organisational

capacity building rather than only for their personal development. In addition, WATERnet

provides short courses as well.

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The training focuses on, river basin organisation (RBO) training, policy training, stakeholder

participation, groundwater management (offered at University of Zambia), methodology on

surface water assessment (offered at University of Botswana), sustainable infrastructure

development, water quality and pollution management and water integrity.

Furthermore, there are other programmes such as early warning systems, climate change

adaptation projects, water and development, catchment partnerships and development

indicator programmes. Other than training, WATERnet also has outreach programmes,

including symposiums held every year, which draws around 300 water expects from Africa.

Articles presented at these symposia are invited for submission at the Journal of Physics,

Chemistry of the Earth to undergo a peer review process before they are either accepted or

rejected. So far, there have been 10 issues produced, with over 400 articles having on

average a citation index of 1.5. Other outreach programmes include Young Water

Professionals and WATERnet alumni activities.

Figure 9: Institutions supporting and implementing Capacity Building in SADC.

(Source: D. Love)

Figure 4 indicates capacity building institutions and their relations and linkages with one

another.

Southern Africa

SADC Member State Governments

Other regional economic communities

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

GIZ is the Lead implementing partner for SADC Water. It also supports various training

initiatives, including WATERnet training programmes. In addition, GIZ owns programmes at

national levels.

CAP-NET

CAPNET operates through networks to ensure accessibility of training packages in various

languages (English, Spanish, Portuguese and French). Networks are essential for

information development and transfer. The CAPNET strategy is presented in Figure 10,

focusing mainly on capacity building and training through effective networks. For example,

the main goal includes building capacity to manage water or sustain services. This is

achieved by making use of competent local personnel or from its network members (Figure

10).The networks through which CAPNET operate are organised into River Basins, Regional

Economic Communities and thematic areas

Figure 10: The CAPNET Strategy. Source: D. Love and Nick Tandi CAPNET key messages were outlined as follows;

• Networks are an effective way of rapid knowledge generation and transfer. However,

they could benefit more with greater political support

• Working with autonomous local networks changes the locus of cooperation, making

south-south and south-north – cooperation viable and responsive to needs

• Achieving outcomes is possible by paying attention to small details such as

participant selection and knowledge adaptation. It is challenging because partners do

not often monitor, evaluate & learn from the results of projects..

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• Training and education achieves more impact when it is implemented parallel with

longterm development programmes.

He wrapped up the presentation by highlighting other key partners in training, research and

capacity building. These were, The Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis

Network (FANRPAN) , Water Institute of Southern Africa (WISA: responsible for professional

training) and the SADC member states which also have in house programmes addressing

water and livelihood issues.

5.4.2.5 Joint Learning on Capacity Development for Good Water

Governance: Prof E. Braune, University of the Western

Cape.

Prof Braune started by explaining the African Union (AU) reasons for establishing the African

Centres of Excellences(COEs), which include the following:

• To harness the sciences for the development of Africa,

• To increase scientific productivity and innovation significantly by networking the best

available institutions, expertise and infrastructure spread over Africa

These were followed by outlining the European Commission (EC)’s support actions which

include:

• EC recognizes the COEs as reference for regional development, fostering South-

South cooperation and hence sustainability of technical support actions.

• The actions are in line with the overall political framework of the EU Water Initiative,

in particular promotion of better water governance, capacity building and awareness.

He highlighted the challenges affecting the water sector in the region, i.e. the complexities

of trying to allocate and conserve the limited water resources between competing users,

such as the rich and the poor, urban and rural and industries allocations, to name a few. This

gets even more challenging when issues such as climate change impacts come into play.

Under these circumstances, traditional management models are failing, hence the need for

more holistic and collaborative approaches. Thus effective capacity development in support

of collaborative governance also requires new approaches. Furthermore policies for

development are changing - they include key concepts such as national ownership, poverty

reduction strategies , good governance, programmatic and sector wide approaches

(SWAps), accountability and transparency through medium term expenditure frameworks

(MTEF) and sector policies and programmes. Even donor funding is moving away from

project funding to programme funding and ultimately funding for budget support. The

traditional IWRM model, incorporating the environmental, the human and the resource

management systems, thus needs to be expanded to include an institutional system in which

government, science and society are strongly linked in a joint move towards good

governance (Figure 6),.

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Figure 6: A Framework for Water Sector Governance

Prof Braune argued that governance as a human rights concept always means governance

on behalf of somebody else, governance on behalf of society and the different sectors of

human development. It involves interaction between the formal institutions of government

and those of civil society. The concept of governance in the water sector arose in order to

guarantee more rational water resource management and to ensure that the poorest and

most vulnerable in society have access to water services. Where good governance prevails,

authority and its institutions are: accountable, effective and efficient, and it is transparent,

responsive, consensus-oriented and equitable. To achieve this, mechanisms such as sector

wide approaches (SWAPs) have been introduced. In explaining SWAP, he stated that it is an

approach which supports a country-led program to build the sector in a coordinated manner.

It provides a means whereby government, development partners and other key sector

stakeholders can work together towards common objectives and the respective funding is

pooled to support a single sector policy and a sector expenditure programme. It is generally

agreed that there are three critical factors for a successful SWAP, i.e. a Vision, Collaboration

and Ownership. An integrated broad vision is needed, but with realistic implementation

steps. Collaboration and good governance are key factors for success, especially when

collaboration means involving many different actors at different levels. Good governance, i.e.

effective relationships, institutional arrangements, networks and partnerships are developed

to coordinate the activities of all stakeholders towards common development and other

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objectives. Country ownership and capacity development are essential for a successful

SWAP. Governments and the sector stakeholders must own the policy and strategy

development process and drive implementation.

Regarding the issue of financing, it was made clear that financing is a critical element in the

sectoral governance reforms to meet the Millennium Development Goals and to ensure the

long term health of the water resource base. In most developing countries catchment

management, research, hydrological monitoring, public awareness, stakeholder consultation

and institutional capacity building are neglected and underfunded. IWRM has focused on

principles and tools, while Sector Wide Approaches have brought more structured

approaches, focused on finance and institutional development. A combination of approaches

and the systematic introduction of IWRM and Water Efficiency Plans will improve the

situation.

Prof Braune also highlighted some key elements of water sector collaboration in SADC:

SADC

• Africa regional development through RECs

• Southern Africa ‘s SADC Treaty

SADC Water

• SADC Protocol on Shared Water Courses

• Water Sector Implementation: Regional Strategic Action Plan for IWRM (now phase III) and Regional Water Policy

• River Basin Management of 15 shared basins through River Basin Organisations,

• Multi-stakeholder Dialogue facilitated by the Global Water Partnership (GWP)

Country

• GWP country partnerships

• IWRM and Water Efficiency Plans

Water management reform and attempts to improve the financial viability of providers in the

sector will also require considerable efforts to increase human and institutional capacity.

However, getting from theory to effective capacity development support in practice has proven

difficult, and requires new approaches. Prof. Braune gave an example of a structure and

process framework for capacity development from the UNESCO perspective, in which there is a

clear focus, not only on the individual level, but also on the institutional level and the enabling

environment (Figure 7).

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Figure 7: Capacity development framework (Source: UNESCO)

As a way forward, he outlined new approaches that are emerging for capacity development:

Moving beyond ad hoc processes

From ad hoc processes (training, workshops) to developing sensible, broader plans, jointly

with the water sector, for effective capacity development and implementation. This should

include modification of mandates, changed incentives and improved platforms for

collaboration.

Getting research and learning into SWAPs.

Without planning, learning will not feed back into repeated cycles of policy processes, planning, implementation and monitoring. Mutual learning is rarely established as a strategic objective of water SWAPs and transformed into plans and funding. The specialised actors who can effectively promote learning such as national research centres, universities and think-tanks, need to be invited to take part in SWAPs.

As a roll-out mechanism, capacity development needs to be addressed proactively and strategically. This holds for countries and for donors. Non-structural activities require modest funding, but are slow to implement and thus require steady long term funding. Much aid is committed on a relatively short term project basis, typically three to five years. To have a significant impact on policy, planning and capacity building, longer term programmes are needed. Aid (ODA) is particularly appropriate for the finance of institution building and support, since it can fund lasting partnerships between institutions. The relationship can comprise twinning, training, technical assistance and consultancy, as well as capital aid for relevant kinds of plant and equipment.

In conclusion, Prof Braune asked the audience to ponder on two key questions,:

How best can we move together towards the following?

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• Planned and strategic approaches to capacity development at all levels; • Paying attention to the individual level, institutional level and enabling environment for

capacity development; • Approaching sustainable financing for capacity development; • Achieving region and country ownership of South-South networking and cooperation in

water science.

How can joint learning best be formalized as we go from here?

5.4.2.6 The advantages of Knowledge Management Systems: -

potential benefits: Mr NicoElema, SANWATCE Programme

Manager.

With the ECJRC project, NEPAD SANWATCE was asked to carry out 13 tasks divided into 2

sections: (1) A Joint Learning Programme (JLP) part

(2) A Knowledge Management System (KMS) part

Why Knowledge Management?

The world is complex and has subjective interpretation of ideas and knowledge, new knowledge

appears every day especially in digital format, hence there is knowledge overload. The question

is, what do we do with the knowledge overload? In trying to answer the question, Mr Elema

explained different knowledge management terminologies. These include explicit knowledge,

where knowledge can be adequately transferred with the help of electronic tools. Knowledge

that has been or can be articulated, codified, and stored in certain media where it can be readily

transmitted to others. The information contained in encyclopedias (including Wikipedia) are good

examples of explicit knowledge. The second one is tacit knowledge, which is neither expressed

nor declared openly but rather implied or simply understood and is often associated with

intuition. It is not easy to transfer this type of knowledge to another person but it is shared

through ‘lived experience.’ The most effective way to transfer tacit knowledge is face to face,

also through coaching and dialogue. The third is knowledge management systems (KMS), is the

discipline of enabling individuals, teams and entire organisations to collectively and

systematically create, share and apply knowledge, to better achieve their objective. The last one

is called content management, which allows for a large number of people to share and

contribute to stored data, control access to data based on user role (i.e., define information

users or user groups can view, edit, publish, etc.). This also facilitates storage and retrieval of

data and controls data validity, compliance, and improves communication among users.The

fundamental principles of knowledge management are summarised in Table 6, which mainly

state that the information must be relevant, accurate, accessible, reliable and simple to

understand.

Table 6: The fundamental principles of knowledge management systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_device

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_media

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1. Relevant We find it relates to the sector we work in

2. Accurate We trust the source and information that we find

3. Reliable We know that if we go into a KM system we can find

what we are looking for

4. Interactive We know that the system can tolerate and learn from

feedback loops between its users

5. Valid It is reflective of reality

6. Simple Lay persons can understand it

7. Accessible Users should be able to access the information easily

In addition, KMS should be interactive and should also apply to water management systems

e.g. people should interact on papers published through comments or suggestions that

maybe taken further. It should be made available rather than being inaccessible. When

outlining the critical success factors, Mr Elema stated that there is need for continuity in the

system, a need for an organisation to manage user input, the system needs to be user

driven in terms of data input and making information understandable (information

brokerage). The audience were informed that a survey was undertaken to access e-

readiness and the use of e-technology. The survey was answered by 36 respondents from 8

countries, the majority were from South Africa (47%), Zambia (33%), and the remaining 19%

from Zimbabwe. Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, Mauritius, and Lesotho were together

1%. When asking the same respondents about the use of formal knowledge management

system, only 47% of the respondents said that they used a formal knowledge management

system. The three respondents from Namibia, Mauritius and Lesotho said that they do not

have a formalized knowledge management system. Databases, learning events, research,

training and teaching actions are some of the knowledge management systems that were

recorded.

When asked about the use of specific electronic or other platform for knowledge

management, most of them (72%) said that they use a specific electronic or other platform

for knowledge management, with the exception of the Namibian respondent who said that in

their country they are not familiar with knowledge management tools and don’t have one at

all. The range of strategies that were used to manage knowledge included workshops,

publications, websites, e-learning platforms, training and policy briefs.

In conclusion, Mr Elema presented results given by the respondents when asked about the

need for a SADC-wide knowledge management system. Most of the respondents (75%) said

that there is a need for a SADC wide knowledge management system. The respondent from

Zimbabwe did not provide any answer to this question. Mozambique stressed the need for

coordinated efforts in KM as this was considered to be good practice and also avoided

reinventing the wheel.

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5.4.2.7 Potential methods of communicating/disseminating

research findings: Prof D. Nkhuwa, University of Zambia.

Prof Nkhuwa started by defining what dissemination and communication is all about. He

defined dissemination as the circulation or wide dispersal of information while

communication is any act by which one person gives to, or receives from, another person

information about that person's needs, desires, perceptions, or knowledge He said research

is part of a process of knowledge production, management and use while a research

institution might be viewed as a knowledge factory.As a result, knowledge must be shared

and transferred using appropriate action and dissemination channels.

Why Disseminate?

I. Efforts can be useful only if the findings are communicated with and to the relevant

people.

II. Dissemination is essential;- so that the research can be a part of the solution

Steps of Dissemination

Identification of target audience,

Government and Policy System

Supervisory and Regulatory Organisations

Non –State Actors

Prof Nkhuwa further mentioned that there is a need to have objectives for dissemination e.g.

for institutions to be aware that it is not only about publishing a paper, but it is also to Get the

right information to the right people in a way that they can use it.

Designing Dissemination

Dissemination should cater for the following;

1. Knowledge level of the target population;

2. Should be meaningful to an amateur, untrained or nonprofessional person

3. Key message should be disseminated appropriately through correct media channels

4. Identify right dissemination channels for the right stakeholders and gain acceptance

Some of the channels proposed are:

Electronic platforms; e.g.Aquaknow (www.aquaknow.net) as it provides interactions

among different water groups

Web based dissemination may be done in 2 levels to enable

1. generation and loading of information to all the people and;

http://www.aquaknow.net/

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2. existing courses and seminars available at NEPAD SANWATCE and other

centres of learning to be accessible to the wider community.

Policy and decision makers often use policy briefs, press release (radio/TV, print

media), dissemination workshop, personal contact as a channel to disseminate.

Public Society uses physical meetings while,

Peers Information refers to journals, training, publications, opinion leaders and fliers.

Dissemination Strategies are important for awareness, understanding and action

The choice of dissemination channels is governed by cost. Usually researchers have limited

incentives to transfer knowledge other than the time devoted to scientific papers.

Researchers might have no network or skills for such dissemination and there is a need to

involve those who are skilled in this area to disseminate this information properly.

5.4.2.8 Inputs to Country Seminar’s Planning: Dr Keith Kennedy

Dr Keith explained the purpose of having country seminars. This includes identifying key

issues in each country and making attempts to address them. This is based on the

understanding that that we have needs in the region that differ from one country to the other.

However, there are existing organizations, institutions and networks in the region which may

help us to achieve and meet those needs. He informed the audience that the information

collected to date should be put together and used as the basis of each of the country’s

workshops. Although the country workshops were scheduled to start in August 2012, it was

unlikely that they will take place this year due to other project activities, which include an

international seminar scheduled for October 2012. The new dates for the workshops would

be communicated in due course.

5.4.3 DAY TWO (14/06/12)

Day two was dedicated to group discussions focusing first on identifying skills gaps in the

region as well as finding ways of addressing them. The second session focused on issues of

education, research, training and knowledge management.

5.4.3.1 Discussion Series: Part one (Identifying gaps in the water

sector)

Discussion on gaps identification was based on the following themes:

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1. Strategy, planning and policy making

2. Stakeholder engagement

3. Water resources development, allocation and management

4. Water user services

Group 1 discussed themes 1 and 2, while group 2 dealt with themes 3 and 4. Below is the

summary of the discussion:

Group 1: Presented by Dr. P.K. Kenabatho

It was reported that the SADC region has a lot of policy reforms developed in the last 15

years towards decentralisation of water management. However, the main issue was the

length of time taken by institutions to function as creating an institution is not usually a

problem but the functioning of the same. For example, in the case of river basin

organisations (which are established to manage shared river basins), it may take time to

decide on water pricing for all the riparian states since the price of water is usually

determined at national levels. In a way the mandate of river basin organisations versus the

sovereignty of individual countries are not usually clear enough.

In addition, it was noted that the structures and composition of water institutions vary from

country to country, as well as their levels of development. Perhaps the most important issues

to consider in policy development and implementation are to find out the major players as

well as taking cognisance of the water sector dynamics in the region. More importantly is to

make policies that are in line with and support SADC’s programs and processes.

Group 2: Presented by Miss Dominique Mannel

When presenting the discussions for water resources development, management and

allocation, she observed that due to competing needs for financial resources in many

countries, priorities are usually low on water management and allocation. Another challenge

was insufficient capacity of the local people in water resources management. An example

was given where in most countries the expertise (if available) are often confined to cities but

not in rural areas where water most of the water issues are prevalent, such as water lack of

clean water, leakages and pollution. Some of the skills gaps identified were related to

monitoring and evaluation (M&E), groundwater modelling, limnology and water accounting.

For this reason, it was suggested that individual departments should always do their own

skills assessment in order to address the issue of skills gap. Another issue included lack of

community involvement and consultation at the initial stages of water resources projects

which often affect community participation and buy in. Regarding water user services, the

group felt that there is need to educate users on water demand management in order to

reduce wasting of water at all levels, i.e. individual, industrial and public schools. Although

water provision varies from one country to the other, it was noted that in most countries the

water utility companies were responsible for driving water demand management issues.

However, there were indications that in some countries such as Zambia, there is shortage of

trained personnel in this field while in South Africa, water demand management is one of the

priorities that receive a lot of financial support.

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In Botswana, there are indications of moving towards water demand management through a

recent water reform process, which involve institutional restructuring and the establishment

of water policy and legislation which when enacted will support water demand management.

However, there were still issues related to public awareness, operational issues such as

maintenance of treatment and water transfer facilities as well as inadequate research in

waste water reuse. Regarding re use of waste water, the group suggested that countries

should learn how others have done it, i.e. an example of Namibia was given, where there is

a significant re-use of waste water. In Malawi, it was learnt that there is shortage of water

resource modelling skills (e.g. groundwater and hydrological modelling).

As a way forward, it was suggested that the issue of water demand management could be

mainstreamed in the school curriculum at an early stage. Other measurers could include

educating the parliamentarians on water demand management issues who will then relay

message to their constituencies. The group concluded by advising that the above issues

can be discussed further by each country in the forthcoming country workshops scheduled in

2013.

5.4.3.2 Discussion Series Part Two

This session was dedicated to education and training, research and development, and

knowledge management implementation in the water sector.

Group 1: Presented by Dr. J. Namangale

This group focused on the existing courses and the institutions where they are offered;

expanding training in and outside the university teaching. The group noted that most

countries have water related training but content varies a lot, i.e. from agronomy related,

hydrological related studies to specialised training such as hydrogeology. The level also

varies from BSc, MSc, and PhD levels. However, there was need for a comprehensive

survey of training landscape in the SADC region. This may include how the progression and

transition from one level to the other is done and whether the courses are accredited or not.

These studies will augment the JRC study (and perhaps many other before it) which looked

at the training and skills assessment in the region. In addition, networks such as WATERnet,

Global Water Partnership-Southern Africa, CapNet were noted as some of the important

institutions playing a role in capacity development in the region.

Besides the university training, it was noted that training of technicians is equally important.

These training are often pitched to diploma and certificate (vocational) levels and are offered

by colleges. Examples given were Botswana College of engineering and technology, Natural

Resources College in Zambia, the Institute of water and sanitation development in

Zimbabwe. The group suggested that there is need to undertake auditing in these colleges

to know the content of the courses offered as well as the level of training of the instructors.

Other training options should include short term courses designed for in-service employees

such as government officers. Other issue considered which relate to training needs include

the need to design course such that there is a clear link between the colleges, research

centres and universities training. There is also a need to establish national qualification

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accreditation programs. It is also important to avoid producing graduates with no practical

training hence the need for links between training institutions and the industry. The centres

of excellence, together with existing structures such as WATERnet can take up these issues

and use them to improve the quality of training and research in the SADC region.

In order to accommodate sustainability of research and development in the water sector, the

Water Research Commission (WRC) model for funding research (which is based on an R&D

levy paid by bulk water suppliers) can be used in each country. However, this will require

multi stakeholder participation in order to get the commission running. Other models can be

used as well and adapted to each individual country with the view to improve research and

development, education and training in the region.

Group 2: Presented by Dr. K. Wall

The group discussed (i) water sector knowledge and information and (ii) partnerships in

capacity development institutions. The group started by identifying the users of water related

information as water services providers, water users (households, industry), scientific

community, decision makers (political, government and local authorities) and river basin

organisations / transboundary waters. The information include the quantity of water required,

water quality, how much water is used, water accounting, how community should manage

water, general water hydrology, groundwater information, spatial data, among others. The

group also thought about how the information can be managed. This may include

establishing communication hubs (i.e. knowledge repository, database and resource centre);

packaging of the knowledge (e.g. through television, newsletters, policy brief for government

and parliamentarians); need for communication specialists; use of publication fliers and

stakeholder consultations and meetings.

Regarding partnerships in capacity development institutions, the group noted that it is

important to know the mandates and activities of the institutions in order to avoid duplication,

and to provide room for synergy and complementarity between centres of excellence and the

existing institutions. It is also important to know the capacities (strengths & skills) available of

the institutions and establish room of collaboration. Also there is need to have a regular

updated source of the type of expertise available and where those expertises are. In

addition, there is need to open up and strengthen collaborations at SADC level (including

outside networks).

For sustainability, the centres of excellences need to be empowered, mainly by developing

the skills beyond one centre which can be achieved by staff exchange and post-doctoral

positions. Also by providing needs-specific training through partnerships/specialized

expertise i.e. list of areas for training, use of commercial entities. This may include

outsourcing with the aim of empowering local staff

5.5 Plenary Session and the way-forward

5.5.1 Plenary session

The afternoon session was dedicated to a plenary session, where the following issues were

raised:

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Issue 1: How can we have constructive meetings/workshops that would add value on

water issues in each country?

This can be achieved through the country workshops planned for early 2013. It was reported

that through the JRC project, five country workshops will be conducted to cover the 5

participating countries, being Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia.

The issues raised in section 5.4.3 can be tabled at each country workshop in order to

establish country-specific water sector issues.

Issue 2: What is NEPAD SANWATCE’s niche?

The centres of excellence were advised to identify and/or clarify their niche especially that

there are players already in the region who are doing capacity development and research.

The issue of duplication of efforts, collaboration with, and complementing other institutions’

mandate were brought to the attention of the centres of excellence to consider while

developing their specific mandate. At the end, there was an indication that the centres of

excellence will focus on high end research and development (e.g. Focusing at PhD level)

unlike the WATERnet which currently offers Masters programme.). However, NEPAD

SANWATCE will go and reflect on this potential niche. In addition, SANWATCE was advised

to engage with key institutions such as WATERnet to avoid conflict of interest.

5.5.2 Way forward

NEPAD SANWATCE will:

Compile a report of what transpired during this workshop, i.e. workshop outputs and

who were involved in the workshop

Publicise the report on Aquaknow

Write up a business plan to indicate how it will sustain itself

SANWATCE will help in identifying structural business plans

Further refine their niche in the water sector

The Workshop participants were encouraged to register for the Aquaknow, where they will

have access to resources and materials emanating from the project. In addition, they were

encouraged to visit the NEPAD SANWATCE website (http://nepadwatercoe.org/ ) where

they will learn more about the overall programme, not just the JRC project.

5.5.3 Concluding statement: Mr. Reginald Tekateka: ANBO

The workshop requested Mr Reginald Tekateka to give concluding remarks. In his

statement, he appreciated everyone’s’ participation, including individuals and organisations

present. In particular, the following organisations were mentioned:

African Ground Water Commission

Water and sanitation Organisation

http://nepadwatercoe.org/

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AFWA

GWP-SA

WATERNET

AMCOW

Mr Tekateka indicated that he was happy that Research and Development (R&D) has been

agreed to be the focus of the NEPAD SANWATCE network. It is important to note that other

centres and countries were not present at the workshop and it is important to connect with

water networks in Africa. Furthermore, he stated that there is a need to show relevance of

the academic institutions at the forefront., and for NEPAD SANWATCE to recognise that

they have been given an important task and therefore should work hard to achieve it.

5.6 Recommendations

The following recommendation were made

NEPAD SANWATCE want to further define key skills gaps across the water sectors,

identify existing and future resources that can be applied to fill these gaps by building

the capacity SADC nations need and assist donors co-ordinate their funding to

achieve these ends. This can be achieved through high end research and

development (R&D), which should form the main niche of NEPAD SANWATCE.

We need to align our activities with SADC WATER strategies in order to remain

relevant in addressing water issues in the region.

Collaborating with (and complementing) other existing organisations is needful to

avoid duplication of efforts and unnecessary conflicts of interest.

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5.7 ANNEXTURE

5.7.1 Programme of Events

A. Protocols and Official Opening [10 minutes to each except NEPAD – with 20] [0830

to 1000]

30min Tea Break

B. JRC PROJECT Presentations [1000-1300]

Topics Time[min] Presented by:

1. Water sector planning and capacity development strategy 20 SADC Water Div

2. JRC project 20 Project Team

3. Capacity gaps and a strategy to address them… 20 SU/Project team

15min break

4. Existing Water capacity building in SADC … … 20 GWP/Cap-Net/ WATERnet

5. Capacity development - Sector Wide and other approaches… 20 UWC/CSIR

6. Potential NEW methods of communication 20 UZam

15min Break

7 Knowledge Management Systems - Potential Benefits 20 UWC

8 Inputs to country seminars’ planning………………......… 10 CSIR/Project Team

LUNCH 1300-1400

C – Defining Conditions [90 minute breakout sessions / four areas / reports back] 1400 -

1530

9. Capacity Gaps at the National levels [Possible subgroups in various water sectors]

10. Capacity gaps in local settings [considering decentralization and urbanization issues]

11. Communication and Awareness Raising [new tools for engagement and participation]

12. Capacity Development Specific Means [Strategic regional, national and ICP

programmes]

15 min break

13. Report Back [15 min / team] 1545-1645

14. Plenary Discussion 1645-1700

...................................................................................................................................................

.............

SPONSORED DINNER EVENT TOGETHER 1900-2100

...................................................................................................................................................

.............

Programme Day 2 [0830 to 1730]

15. Review and Discussion of Breakout discussions 0830 – 0930

30min Tea Break

D Training and EDU [Breakout Groups: 90 minute sessions/ four areas/reports back] 1000 -

1130

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16. Plans for Training outside Formal University Courses

17. Strengthening existing and creating new Courses at Universities

18. Developing CapDev Partnerships in each of the major country water sectors

19. Institution building needs in Member States present.

15min Break

20. Report Back [15 min / team] and discussions 1145-1300

LUNCH 1245-1400

C. Ways Forward [15 min around theme of each break out group] 1400-1500

21. Defining a Plan to proceed with both in content and with named partners

D. Areas To Be Further Developed for Country Workshops 1500-1600

22. Identify specific topics and means of delivery and engagement in five countries.

E. Summary and Wrap Up 1600-1630

23. Concluding statement and understanding of agreements on how to proceed

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5.7.2 Invitation Letters

University of Botswana

on Behalf of the NEPAD Southern African Network of Water Centres of Excellence

Date: 10 May 2012

Themba Gumbo

Director,

Cap-Net

South Africa

Dear Dr Gumbo

INVITATION TO A REGIONAL CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP:

Delivering Capacity across the Region’s Water Sectors.

You are cordially invited to attend a consultative workshop at which we wish to consider the key components,

benefits, means and actors to develop an integrated and sustainable regional programme to address capacity

development for the water sector. The development of Centres of Excellence has been seen as strategic by the

African Union for focusing science on sustainable development and water was chosen as one of the flagships to

take this policy forward. The workshop will take place in Gaborone on 13-14 June at the University of

Botswana, one of the Centres in the Southern African Network of Water Centres of Excellence.

The objective of the workshop is to explore ways and means to further enhance capacity development towards

water security in the Region. Specific areas we are hoping to engage with you and other key water sector

stakeholders from the region are:

Various water sectors’ capacity needs/priorities;

Main technical/scientific priorities (thematic areas) of Member State countries;

Discuss potential emerging methods of dialogue, awareness raising and coaching;

Evaluate the benefits of a unified regional water Knowledge Management System ;

Discuss the Sector Wide Approach and other means of implementing IWRM principles; and

Get further input to five country seminars planned for August.

Your attendance to this workshop will be highly appreciated. We view your personal inputs as directly pertinent

to attaining a greater knowledge of the water sector in the region and its capacity development needs and

priorities. A list of the key sector stakeholders we are trying to reach is shown below.

A limited number of travel sponsorships are available with the understanding that there would be only one such

offer of support per institution.

Please confirm your interest to attend before the 21st May 2012 by emailing the Workshop hosting institute c/o:

Dr. Piet Kenabatho (University of Botswana) [email protected] [+267 M: 74599317 T: 3552509

F: 3552908 ]. The draft programme of events is attached, and the final version will be sent end of May 2012.

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As the Commission’s in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to provide EU

policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole

policy cycle.

Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal

challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new standards, methods and tools,

and sharing and transferring its know-how to the Member States and international community.

Key policy areas include: environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and

food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda; safety and

security including nuclear; all supported through a cross-cutting and multi-disciplinary approach.

nepad southern african water centres of...

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