Nephrotic syndrome

made by Karrar sabah mahdi

Nephrotic syndrome

introduction

• Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms that, together, show that your kidneys are not working as well as they should. These symptoms include:

• Too much protein in your urine

• Too little protein in your blood

• Too much cholesterol in your blood

• High levels of triglycerides in your blood

• Swelling in your legs, feet and ankles

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Who gets nephrotic syndrome?

• People of all ages, genders and ethnicities can get nephroticsyndrome, but is slightly more common in men than in women. In children, it happens most often between the ages of 2 and 6. Certain things can make people more likely to get nephrotic syndrome, including:

• Diseases that affect the kidneys

• Certain medicines, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics

• Infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and malaria

nephrotic syndrome

• is a nonspecific kidney disorder characterized by

nephrotic syndrome

• Essentially, loss of protein through the kidneys proteinuria leads to low protein levels in the blood hypoalbuminemia which causes water to be drawn into soft tissues (edema). Very low hypoalbuminemiacan also cause a variety of secondary problems, such as water in the abdominal cavity (ascites), around the heart or lung (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion), high cholesterol hyperlipidemia loss of molecules regulating coagulation increased risk of thrombosis

• Large proteinuria is due to an increase in permeability of the "filtering membrane" of the kidney which normally separates the blood from the urinary space in Bowman's capsule. This is composed of the capillary walls of the glomerulus which are wrapped by highly specialized cells called podocytes. Alterations in their capacity to filter the substances transported in the blood mean that proteins but not cells pass into the urine (hence no haematuria). By contrast, in nephritic syndrome red blood cells pass through the pores, causing haematuria.

• Nephrotic syndrome has many causes, including primary kidney diseases such asminimal-change nephropathy, focal glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Nephroticsyndrome can also result from systemic diseases that affect other organs in addition to the kidneys, such as diabetes, amyloidosis, and lupus erythematosus.

• Nephrotic syndrome may affect adults and children of both sexes and of any race. It may occur in typical form, or in association with nephritic syndrome. The latter connotes glomerular inflammation, with hematuria and impaired kidney function.

• Urine____proteninuria and fatty cast

• Blood____D :Albumin and IN:cholesterol

• Renal biopsy

What are the complications of nephroticsyndrome?

• Nephrotic syndrome makes your body lose protein through your urine. Proteins do many jobs in your body. When you don’t have enough protein in your blood, your body can start to have other problems, such as blood clots and infections. Other complications that can be caused by nephroticsyndrome include:

• Anemia

• Heart disease

• High blood pressure

• Fluid buildup

• Acute kidney injury

• Kidney failure