nergy efficiency through electrification in … · radio wave grain drying. h eat p umps potential...
TRANSCRIPT
Bethany Reinholtz, CEM, CWEP
ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH ELECTRIFICATION INAGRICULTURE
OVERVIEW
Agricultural Energy Use Standard Energy Efficiency OpportunitiesOutside the Box Opportunities Funding Energy Efficiency Improvements
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FARM ENERGY USE AND EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITIES
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE
Direct and indirect use Direct energy use accounts for up to 5%
of annual expenditures for a farm Second highest cost after labor for a
greenhouseWhile seems small, can have a large
impact on an individual farm
DIRECT ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE
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Direct energy useo Diesel - planting, harvesting, manure
handling, etc.o Electricity - refrigeration, cooling, water
heating, milk harvesting and cooling, motors, lighting, manure management, etc.
o Gas - space heating, water heating, grain drying, pasteurization, etc.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITIES Refrigeration heat recovery Variable frequency drives LED lighting High efficiency water heating High efficiency space heating High efficiency fans Automated controls Scroll compressors
OUTSIDE THE BOX OPPORTUNITIES
Heat pumps UV PasteurizationGas to electric motors and pumps Rootzone heating and irrigationGas to electric forklifts Radio wave grain drying
HEAT PUMPS Potential to offset up to 100% of a farm’s water
heating needs Replace gas use with electric heat pump Savings on a large dairy example Also can be used in fish, meat, and brewery
industry
HEAT PUMP WITH RHR EXAMPLES
Without heat pump with RHR
With heat pump with RHR
Baseline Energy Use (gallons) 11,325Baseline Energy Use (kWh) 565,260Proposed Energy Use (gallons) 0Proposed Energy use (kWh) 404,934Percent Savings -% 35%Net Upgrade System Cost - $ $80,000Annual Savings - $ $32,896Simple Payback -years 2.4
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Without heat pump with RHR
With heat pump with RHR
Baseline Energy Use (gallons) 9,138Baseline Energy Use (kWh) 315,179Proposed Energy Use (gallons) 0Proposed Energy use (kWh) 327,179Percent Savings -% 25%Net Upgrade System Cost - $ $88,034Annual Savings - $ $14,240Simple Payback -years 6.2
UV PASTEURIZATION Potential to offset 100% of gas used
for pasteurization of milk on farms Use of UV lights to pasteurize milk
instead of heating milk 150-170°F for pasteurization
Studies show same effectiveness at killing pathogens as batch or HTST systems
UV PASTEURIZATION EXAMPLEkWh Baseline 0kW Baseline 0.58LP Baseline 1,546kWh Savings -8,226kW Savings -3.2LP Savings 1,546Cost Savings $1,738Estimated Project Cost $16,500Simple Payback 9.5 years
GAS TO ELECTRIC PUMPING PLANT Diesel is a high cost and low efficiency
option for manure and feed handling and irrigation water pumping
Replace gas pumping plant with HE electric pumping plant
May require running electricity or upgrading to 3 phase at the site
Run off peak for additional savings to the farm
GAS TO ELECTRIC IRRIGATION PUMP EXAMPLE
ROOTZONE HEATING AND IRRIGATION Rootzone heating and
irrigation, one piece of equipment
Rootzone heating allows greenhouse to lower heating temperature by up to 15°F
Lower heating costs by 20-25% Decrease water use by about
25%
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ROOTZONE HEATING & IRRIGATION EXAMPLE
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2,500 sq. ft. Quonset greenhouseo Baseline heating load with overhead unit
heater = 345 MMBtuo Load with rootzone heating = 272 MMBtuo Annual savings = 800 gallons LP, 732
therms or 525 gallons fuel oil
GAS TO ELECTRIC FORKLIFTS
High use of LP forklifts at cropping operations for moving products
Switch to electric and charge at night to avoid high demand charges which may negate the savings
LP TO ELECTRIC FORKLIFTS
LP Forklift Electric ForkliftEnergy cost/unit $2.93/gallon $0.13/kWhEnergy use/year 3,150 gallons 53,987 kWhCost/year $9,230 $7,018Savings $2,212
RADIO WAVE GRAIN DRYING
Trial sites set for 2017 and 2018 drying seasons
Replace gas with electric for grain drying Radio waves excite water to exit grain Moisture driven out 20 times fast than with
high heat dryer Controlled with PLC
RADIO WAVE GRAIN DRYING Retrofit into batch bin or continuous flow Low temp process reduces grain breakdown
and retains nutritional value Reduces losses in taste and smell Kills living matter in feedstock, increasing
storage times More data available after 2018 drying season Potential to use in food processing and
woodchip drying applications19
ROBOTIC MILKING
Will not save any energyWill save on labor costs, which are
significant on a dairy Labor is increasingly hard to find Very high cost and limits size of dairy https://kotamine.shinyapps.io/RobotParlor/
FUNDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
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USDA – REAP programNRCS – CIG, EQIP programUSDA – value added grantState Energy ProgramsUtility Energy Programs
www.dsireusa.org
