nervous limbic and endocrine systems - winston … · 2015-09-08 · the limbic system....
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Unit 2
The Nervous, Limbic, and Endocrine systems
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Parts of the Nervous System
� Central Nervous System (CNS)� Brain and spinal cord
� Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)� Carries messages to and from CNS
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Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system
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Split brain operation—procedure used to reduce recurrent seizures of severe epilepsy
Corpus Callosum—thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
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axon terminal
dendrite receptors
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How Neurons Work
� Input comes in from/goes to part of the body� You want to move your arm
� An electrical impulse is sent down the axon to a nerve ending
� The electrical impulse stops at the synapse� Neurotransmitters (for movement) are released by
the axon terminal into the open space� Once in the open space the chemicals float to the
dendrite receptor for movement� The excited dendrite sends an electrical impulse to
the next cell and so on� The electrical impulse travels ends at muscle
receptors and your arm moves (120 yards / sec)
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Neurotransmitters
� Acetylcholine� Regulates body processes such as movement� Memory � In Alzheimer’s disease patients it often is not working
properly� Dopamine
� Involved in the CONTROL of bodily movements� Parkinson’s disease patient have a shortage of it
� Endorphins� Relieve pain and increase our sense of well being� Creates the “runner’s high”
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The Limbic System
� Hypothalamus� Amygdala� Hippocampus
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� Contains structures involved in basic emotions, motivations, and memory
� Amygdala� Emotional responses like aggression, rage, and
fear
� Hippocampus � Enables us to form memories (not memory
storage)� If there’s damage to the hippocampus, we can’t
make new memories
The Limbic System
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Hypothalamus� Contains nuclei involved in a variety
of behaviors� sexual behavior� hunger, thirst� sleep� water and salt balance� body temperature regulation� circadian rhythms� role in hormone secretion
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Endocrine System: hormones
� Pituitary gland� Master gland� Growth hormones
� Thyroid� Regulates your metabolism (speed of body processes)
� Adrenal Glands� Secrete adrenaline. Prepares the body for emergencies
� Gonads: � sex glands make eggs or sperm for reproduction� Ovary in females (estrogen)� Testis in males (androgen)
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Endocrine System