NERVOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM SYSTEM

Coordinates all activities in the body Coordinates all activities in the body by transmitting messages back and by transmitting messages back and forth to every cell of the body through forth to every cell of the body through nerves.nerves.

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System

Brain and Spinal CordBrain and Spinal Cord

Receives messages from the PNS Receives messages from the PNS (everything outside of brain and (everything outside of brain and spinal cord) and sends a response or spinal cord) and sends a response or reactionreaction

Tells the body how to respond to a stimulusTells the body how to respond to a stimulus

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

About 18 +/- inchesAbout 18 +/- inches

Sends messages from brain Sends messages from brain to body and visa versato body and visa versa

BrainBrain

Controls activities of the nervous systemControls activities of the nervous system

Allows you to think, reason, coordinate, Allows you to think, reason, coordinate, learn, remember, perform all bodily learn, remember, perform all bodily functions whether voluntary or involuntaryfunctions whether voluntary or involuntary

Brain PartsBrain Parts

CerebrumCerebrum

CerebellumCerebellum

Brain stemBrain stem

CerebrumCerebrum

LARGEST, most complex part of brainLARGEST, most complex part of brainControls conscious thought, learning, & Controls conscious thought, learning, &

memorymemoryRight side controls the left side of the bodyRight side controls the left side of the bodyLeft side controls the right side of the bodyLeft side controls the right side of the body

Cerebrum LobesCerebrum Lobes

Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe

Parietal LobeParietal Lobe

Occipital LobeOccipital Lobe

Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe

Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe

Voluntary movementVoluntary movement

Use of languageUse of language

IntellectIntellect

PersonalityPersonality

Parietal LobeParietal Lobe

Sensory InformationSensory Information

HeatHeatColdColdPainPainTouchTouchKinesthetics—where your body is and what it is Kinesthetics—where your body is and what it is

doingdoing

Occipital LobeOccipital Lobe

VisionVision

Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe

HearingHearingSmellSmellSome memorySome memorySome thoughtSome thoughtSome judgementSome judgement

CerebellumCerebellum

Coordinates movement of the skeletal Coordinates movement of the skeletal musclesmuscles

PosturePosture

BalanceBalance

Brain StemBrain Stem

3-inch stalk of nerve cells and fibers that 3-inch stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connect the brain to the spinal cordconnect the brain to the spinal cord

The “Gateway” from the brain to the body The “Gateway” from the brain to the body and the body to the brainand the body to the brain

Brain Stem PartsBrain Stem Parts

Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata

PonsPons

MidbrainMidbrain

ThalamusThalamus

HypothalamusHypothalamus

Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata

The lowest portion of the brain stemThe lowest portion of the brain stem

Regulates heart rateRegulates heart rate

Regulates breathing rateRegulates breathing rate

Regulates hearing, talking, and swallowingRegulates hearing, talking, and swallowing

Regulates reflexes such as:Regulates reflexes such as: CoughingCoughing SneezingSneezing VomitingVomiting

PonsPons

Sits just above the M.O.Sits just above the M.O.

Connects nerve impulses Connects nerve impulses to other parts of the to other parts of the brainbrain

Helps breathingHelps breathing

Controls muscles of the eyes and faceControls muscles of the eyes and face

MidbrainMidbrain

Highest portion of the brain stemHighest portion of the brain stem

Involved in controlling eyeball movement Involved in controlling eyeball movement and pupil sizeand pupil size

ThalamusThalamus

Relay center for incoming messagesRelay center for incoming messages

HypothalamusHypothalamus

Controls various body processesControls various body processes

TemperatureTemperatureAppetiteAppetiteSleepSleep

Through the pituitary gland it controls Through the pituitary gland it controls metabolism, sexual development, and metabolism, sexual development, and emotionemotion

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerves outside of the brain and spinal cordNerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

Sends info from inside and outside of your Sends info from inside and outside of your body to the CNS for the brain to respond tobody to the CNS for the brain to respond to

PNS PartsPNS Parts

Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

Controls Involuntary functionsControls Involuntary functionsSympathetic—Reflex—”Fight or Flight”Sympathetic—Reflex—”Fight or Flight”

Parasympathetic—opposes actions of the Parasympathetic—opposes actions of the sympathetic nervous system by slowing bodily sympathetic nervous system by slowing bodily functions during restfunctions during rest

Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System

Relays messages from the eyes, ears, Relays messages from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the CNS which nose, tongue, and skin to the CNS which sends a response to the skeletal muscles sends a response to the skeletal muscles to move or react to a situationto move or react to a situation

NeuronsNeurons

Nerve cellsNerve cells

Cell body—contains the control Cell body—contains the control center of the nerve cell—nucleuscenter of the nerve cell—nucleus

Dendrites—branched structures that extend from Dendrites—branched structures that extend from the cell body. They receive info from other the cell body. They receive info from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit neurons or sensory receptors and transmit impulses toward the cell bodyimpulses toward the cell body

Axons—transmit messages away from the cell Axons—transmit messages away from the cell body and toward other neurons, cells, or glandsbody and toward other neurons, cells, or glands

THE BRAINTHE BRAIN