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Histology 5b

Craig Clifford

Northeastern State University

Spring 2009

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Nerve Tissue and the Nervous

System

100 million nerve cells or neurons

Each with an average 1000

connections with other neurons

Organized in circuits and groups of

circuits that carry out higher order

neural function

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Nervous System

Central nervous system Brain

Spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system Nerve cells

Ganglia

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There are two types of cells that makeup the nervous system.

Nerve cells or neurons Usually with numerous long processes

Glial cells (Gr. glia, glue Short processes

Support and protect neurons Neural nutrition Neural tissue defense

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Neural development

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Grey vs. white matter

WhiteGrey

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Cell body

Trophic center of the cell exclusive of

the dendrites and axon

Nissl bodies = ribosomes and ER

Golgi complex

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Franz Nissl 1860 1919

Germanneuropathologist

pathology ofcortical neurons histological stain

for selective

visualization ofneuronalcell bodies

Source Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860

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Franz Nissl

important work in psychiatry

correlating changes in glial cells, blood

vessels, and brain tissue with mentalillness

worked with and was friends with Alois

Alzheimer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Alzheimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Alzheimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Alzheimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Alzheimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glia

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Dark inclusions are

Nissl bodies.

Large process is a

dendrite.

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Membrane potentials

Nervous and muscle tissue is

considered irritable or excitable tissue

This means that these tissues canrespond to a stimulus or change in the

environment

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Resting and Action potentials

Normally the membrane is at rest and

when stimulated it responds

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthew

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/channel.htmlhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/channel.htmlhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/channel.htmlhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/channel.html

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Glial cells

Oligodendrocytes Located in the CNS

Produce the myelin sheath

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Glial cells

Schwann cells

Named after

Theodor Schwann,German cytologist

and physiologist

(1810-1882)

Father of modern

histology

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Theodor Schwann

Discovered the enzyme pepsin

Coined term metabolism

Described skeletal muscle in the upper

esophagus

Discovered myelin sheath on neurons

Along with Mathias Schleiden

developed cell theory in 1839

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Gray Matter

Spinal cord grey matter

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Pia Mater

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Choroid plexus

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Choroid plexus

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Choroid plexus

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Choroid plexus from book

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Cross section of nerve

Epineurium Dense CT and

fibroblasts

Perineurium Flattenned, tight-

junction

epitheliumlike cells Endoneurium

Thin reticular CT

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Cross section of two small nerves.

Schwann cell

nucleus

Axons

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