netaji subhashchandra bose.pptx
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Netaji
SubhashchanrdaBose
Subhas Chandra Bose ( 23 January
1897 August 18, 1945)
also known as Netaj
was an Indian nationalist whose
unsuccessful attempt in the waning
years ofWorld War II to liberate India
militarily from British rule roused
patriotic feelings in India
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About him
Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of
the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s,
rising to become Congress President from 1938 to 1939.
However, he was ousted from the Congress in 1939 following
differences with the high command, and subsequently placed
under house arrest by the British before escaping from India
in early 1941
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He turned to Germany and Japan for help in gaining
India's independence by force.
With Japanese support, he organised the IndianNational Army, composed largely of Indian soldiers ofthe British Indian army who had been captured in theBattle of Singapore by the Japanese. As the war turnedagainst them, the Japanese came to support a number
of puppet and provisional governments in the capturedregions, including those in Burma, the Philippines andVietnam, and in addition, the Provisional GovernmentofAzad Hind, presided by Bose.
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Early life
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23
January 1897 (at 12.10 pm) in Cuttack,
Orissa Division, Bengal Province, to
Prabhavati Devi and Janakinath Bose, an
advocate.
At the University of Calcutta he passed his
B.A. in 1918 in philosophy.
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Bose left India in 1919 for Great Britain with a promise to his
father that he would appear in the Indian Civil Services
Examination (ICS). He went to study in Fitzwilliam College,
Cambridge, and matriculated on 19 November 1919. He came
fourth in the ICS examination and was selected but he did not
want to work under an alien government which would mean
serving the British. As he stood on the verge of taking the
plunge by resigning from the Indian Civil Service in 1921, hewrote to his elder brother Sarat: "Only on the soil of sacrifice
and suffering can we raise our edifice".[ Finally, he resigned
from his civil service job on 23 April 1921 and returned to
India.
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His mentor was Chittaranjan Das who was a spokesman for
aggressive nationalism in Bengal. In the year 1923, Bose was
elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the
Secretary of Bengal State Congress. He was also editor of thenewspaper "Forward", founded by Chittaranjan Das.
Bose worked as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal
Corporation for Das when the latter was elected mayor of
Calcutta in 1924. In a roundup of nationalists in 1925, Bose was arrested and
sent to prison in Mandalay, where he contracted tuberculosis.
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With Indian National Congress
In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became
general secretary of the Congress party and worked with
Jawaharlal Nehru for independence. Again Bose was arrested
and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged to
become Mayor ofCalcutta in 1930.
1938 Bose had become a leader of national stature and
agreed to accept nomination as Congress President.
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He stood for unqualified Swaraj
(self-governance), including theuse of force against the British. This
meant a confrontation with
Mohandas Gandhi, who in fact
opposed Bose's presidency,
splitting the Indian National
Congress party
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All India Forward Bloc
On 22 June 1939 Bose organised the Forward Bloc, aimed at
consolidating the political left, but its main strength was in his
home state, Bengal. U Muthuramalingam Thevar, who was a
staunch supporter of Bose from the beginning, joined the
Forward Bloc. When Bose visited Madurai on 6 September,Thevar organised a massive rally as his reception.
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On the outbreak of war, Bose advocated a campaign of
mass civil disobedience to protest against Viceroy Lord
Linlithgow's decision to declare war on India's behalf
without consulting the Congress leadership. Having failed
to persuade Gandhi of the necessity of this, Bose
organised mass protests in Calcutta calling for the
'Holwell Monument' commemorating the Black Hole of
Calcutta, which then stood at the corner of Dalhousie
Square, to be removed.
He was thrown in jail by the British, but was released
following a seven-day hunger strike. Bose's house in
Calcutta was kept under surveillance by the CID.
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Escape from British India to Germany
and Japan
Bose's arrest and subsequent releaseset the scene for his escape toGermany, via Afghanistan and theSoviet Union. A few days before his
escape, he sought solitude and on thispretext avoided meeting British guardsand grew a beard on the night of hisescape, he dressed as a Pathan toavoid being identified. Bose escaped
from under British surveillance at hishouse in Calcutta. On 19 January 1941,accompanied by his nephew Sisir K.Bose in a car that is now on display athis Calcutta home.
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Leadership of Azad Hind Fauj and
later events
Even when faced with military
reverses, Bose was able to
maintain support for the Azad Hind
movement.
Spoken as a part of a motivational
speech for the Indian National
Army at a rally of Indians in Burma
on 4 July 1944, Bose's most famous
quote was "Give me blood, and Ishall give you freedom!" In this, he
urged the people of India to join
him in his fight against the British
Raj.
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Disappearance and alleged
death Bose is alleged to have died in a plane
crash at Taipei, Taiwan, on 18 August 1945
while en route to Tokyo and possibly then
the Soviet Union. The Imperial Japanese
Army Air Force Mitsubishi Ki-21 bomberhe was travelling on had engine trouble
and when it crashed Bose was badly
burned, dying in a local hospital four hours
later. His body was then cremated, and aBuddhist memorial service was held at
Nishi Honganji Temple in Taihoku. His
ashes were taken to Japan and interred at
the Renkji Temple in Tokyo.
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His contribution
He established a separate political party, the All India Forward
Bloc and continued to call for the full and immediate
independence of India from British rule.
He was imprisoned by the British authorities eleven times.
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His stance did not change with the outbreak of the SecondWorld War, which he saw as an opportunity to take advantageof British weakness. At the outset of the war, he left India,
travelling to the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany and ImperialJapan, seeking an alliance with each of them to attack theBritish government in India. With Imperial Japaneseassistance, he re-organised and later led the Azad Hind Fauj orIndian National Army (INA), formed with Indian prisoners-of-war and plantation workers from British Malaya, Singapore,
and other parts ofSoutheast Asia, against British forces. WithJapanese monetary, political, diplomatic and militaryassistance, he formed the Azad Hind Government in exile, andregrouped and led the Indian National Army in failed militarycampaigns against the allies at Imphal and in Burma
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Mahatma Gandhi described Bose as the "Patriot ofpatriots.
The West Bengal government decided in 2011 to observe
Bose's birth anniversary (23 January) as Desh Prem Divaswhich means Day of Patriotism.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in order to free India from the
shackles of British imperialism organized the Azad Hind
Government from outside the country on October 21, 1943
Netaji set up the Provisional Government of Independent
India (Azad Hind) and transferred its head-quarter at Rangoon
on January 7, 1944. On the 5th April, 1944, the "Azad Hind
Bank" was inaugurated at Rangoon.
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demonstrate concern for the human beings
take responsibility
wider view Team Member (goals of the overall group)