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NETWORK THEORY LAB LABORATORY OBSERVATION BOOK

VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

P. KOTHAKOTA (P), CHITTOOR Dist-517112, A.P

Network Theory Lab

EEE Department Page 1

Course outcomes (Cos)

Subject Name

and Code CO id Course Outcomes Level

Network

Theory

(19A04201T)

ECE

C121.1

Apply Kirchoff’s laws, network reduction techniques

on simple electrical circuits with dependent &

independent sources

L3

C121.2 Select appropriate theorem for network simplification L5

C121.3 Analyze response of RL, RC & RLC circuits in time &

frequency domains L4

C121.4 Determine voltages and currents in a resonant circuit L5

C121.5 Determine network parameters for given two port

network L5

INDEX

Network Theory Lab


S.No NAME OFTHE EXPERIMENT Date Marks Sign

1 Verification of KCL & KVL for any network

2 Apply Mesh & Nodal Analysis techniques for

solving electrical circuits

3 Verification of Superposition & Reciprocity

Theorem

4 Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem

5 Verification of Maximum Power Transfer

Theorem with analysis

6 Measure and calculate RC time constant for a

given RC circuit

7 Measure and calculate RL time constant for a

given RL circuit

8 Frequency response of series resonance

circuit with analysis and design

9 Frequency response of parallel resonance circuit

with analysis and design

10 Measure and calculate Z, Y parameters of two-port

network.

11 Design and frequency response of Low pass and

high pass filter

12 Design and frequency response of band pass

filter

Network Theory Lab


Network Theory Lab


EXP.NO: DATE

VERIFICATION OF KVL AND KCL

AIM: Verification of KVL and KCL theoretically and practically.

Apparatus:

S. No. Name of the Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Rheostats

2 Ammeter

3 RPS

4 Multimeter

5 Connecting Wires

6 Voltmeter

Precautions:

a. Loose connections should be avoided.

b. Set the resistance values of the rheostats exactly by measuring the resistances

with a multi meter.

c. Take the readings should without any parallax error

PROCEDURE:

KVL:-

1) Make connections as for diagram

2) Switch on the DC supply.

3) Note down all meter readings, the sum of VI, V2 and V3 must be equal to the Vs.

KCL:-

1) Make connections as for diagram

2) Switch on the DC supply.

3) Note down all meter readings, the sum of A2 and A3 must be equal to the A1.

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:-

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Network Theory Lab


RESULT:-

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Define KVL?

2. Define KCL?

3. What is the Voltage across resistor

4. Define current?

5. Define voltage?

6. Define resistance?

7. Define inductance?

8. Voltage across inductor formula

9. voltage across capacitor formula

10. What is a linear network?

Network Theory Lab


EXP.NO: DATE

Mesh Analysis and Nodal Analysis

AIM: Verification and mesh and nodal analysis theoretically and practically

APPARATUS:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

S.No. Equipment Range Type Quantity

1. Resistors - -

2. Ammeter

3. R.P.S

4. Bread Board - -

5. Connecting Wires required

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PRECAUTIONS:

1. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply

2. Make sure of proper color coding of resistors

3. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected.

PROCEDURE:

Mesh Analysis

1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Figure 2.1.a

2. Switch ON the supply to RPS

3. Apply the voltage.

4. Gradually increase the supply voltage in steps.

5. Connect ammeters in the loop and find the currents I1, I2 and I3.

6. Verify the practical results obtained with theoretical results.

Nodal Analysis

1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Figure 2.1.b

2. Switch ON the supply to RPS.

3. Apply the voltage and note the voltmeter readings.

4. Gradually increase the supply voltage in steps.

5. Note the readings of voltmeters.

6. Verify the practical results obtained with theoretical results

OBSERVATIONS:

Applied

Voltage V

(volts)

Loop current(I1) Loop current (I2) Loop current(I3)

Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

Applied

Voltage V

(volts)

Node voltage(v1) Node voltage(v2) Node voltage(v3)

Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

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Theoretical calculations:

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RESULT:

Viva voice

1. What is mesh analysis?

2. What is nodal analysis?

3. Define super mesh?

4. Define super node?

EXP.NO: DATE

Network Theory Lab


VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION AND RECIPROCITY

THEOREM

AIM: To verify superposition and reciprocity theorems for the given circuit.

STATEMENT:

Super position theorem

In any linear, bilateral, multi source network the response in any element is equal to the algebraic sum

of the responses obtained by each source acting separately while all other sources are set equal to zero.

Reciprocity theorem:

In any linear, bilateral, single source network, the ratio of excitation to the response is same even

though the positions of excitation and response are interchanged

APPARATUS:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Dual channel regulated

power supply (0 – 30V) - 1No

2 Ammeter (0 – 10) mA MC 1No

3 Resistors

4.7 K

1.8 K

1 K

470

2.2 K

Carbon

Composition

1No

1No

1No

4 Bread board - - 1No

5 Connecting wires - - Required number

PROCEDURE:

Super position theorem:

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Connect the circuit as per the fig (4.1).

1. Adjust the output voltage of sources X and Y to 20V and 5V respectively (RPS output).

2. Note down the response (current, IL) through the branch of interest (AB) (ammeter reading).

3. Now set the 5V source (Y) to 0V.

4. Note down the current through the branch AB (ILl) (ammeter reading).

5. Now set the 20V source (X) to 0V and source Y to 5V.

6. Note down the response (current, ILll) through the branch AB (ammeter reading).

7. Disconnect the circuit

Reciprocity theorem

1. Connect the circuit as per the fig (4.4).

2. Set the R.P.S output voltage to 10V.

3. Note down the response (current through 1.8K resistor)(ammeter reading).

4. Disconnect the circuit.


6. Note down the response (current through 2.2K resistor)(ammeter reading).

7. Disconnect the circuit.

VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

GIVEN CIRCUIT:

Theoretical circuit diagrams:

Practical circuit diagrams:

a) When both the sources are acting: a) When both the sources are acting:

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Fig (3.1)

Tabular Column:

S.No

Applied Voltage Current

IL

(mA)

V1

(Volts)

V2

(Volts)

Theoretical circuit diagrams: Practical circuit diagrams:

b. When 20V source alone is acting;

b) When 20V source alone is acting;

Fig (3.2)

Tabular Column:

S. No Applied voltage

(V1) Volt

Current

IL

(mA)

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When 5V source alone is acting;

When 5V source alone is acting:

Fig (3.3)

S. No

Applied voltage

(V2) Volt

Current

IL

(mA)

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VERIFICATION OF RECIPROCITY THEOREM

GIVEN CIRCUIT:


a) To find load current IL:

After interchanging the positions of

excitation and response:


Fig (3.4) Tabular Column:


(V1) Volt

Current

IL(mA)

After interchanging the positions of excitation and

response:

Fig (3.5)

Tabular Column:


(V2) Volt

Current

IL1

(mA)

RESULT:

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1. Since IL=ILl +IL

l l superposition theorem is verified on the given circuit and practical values are

compared with theoretical values.

2. Since V/IL=V/ILl reciprocity theorem is verified on the given circuit and practical values are

compared with theoretical values.

CONCLUSION:

1. The given circuit is linear, since the response is algebraic sum of the individual responses.

2. Superposition theorem is not valid for power responses.

3. The given circuit is bilateral, since the ratio of excitation to the response is same before and

after interchanging the positions of excitation and response.

S.No Load current Theoretical Values Practical Values

1 When Both sources are acting, IL

2 When only source X is acting, ILl

3 When only source Y is acting, 11

LI

S.No Parameter Theoretical Value Practical Value

1 V/IL

2 V/ILl

Network Theory Lab

EXP.NO: DATE

VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S AND NORTON’S

THEOREMS

AIM: To verify Thevenin’s & Norton’s theorems for the given circuit.

STATEMENTS:

Thevenin’s theorem: It states that any linear, active network with two open terminals can be replaced

by an equivalent circuit consisting of Thevenin’s equivalent voltage source Vth in series with Thevenin’s

equivalent resistance Rth. Where Vth is the open circuit voltage across the two terminals and Rth is the

resistance seen from the same two terminals.

Norton’s theorem: It states that any linear, active network with two open terminals can be replaced by

an equivalent circuit consisting of Norton’s equivalent current source IN in parallel with Norton’s

equivalent resistance RN. where IN is the short circuit current through the two terminals and RN is the

resistance seen from the same two terminals

APPARATUS:


1 Dual channel

Regulated power supply (0 – 30)V - 1

2 Voltmeter (0-10)V MC 1

3 Ammeter (0-10m)A MC 1

4 Decade resistance box (0-111.11K) - 1

5 Resistors

1k

2.2 K

100

Carbon

Composition

3

1

1

6 Bread board - - 1

7 Current Source (0-10m)A 1

8 Connecting wires - - Required number

VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM

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GIVEN CIRCUIT:



b) To find Vth:


Fig (4.1)

Tabular Column:


(VS) Volt

Current

IL

(mA)

b) To find Vth:

Fig (4.2)

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S.

No

Source

voltage

(Vs)

Volt

Thevenin’s equivalent voltage, Vth (Volt)


c) To find Rth:

d) To find load current IL1 using thevenin’s

equivalent circuit

c) To find Rth:

Fig (4.3)

S. No

Voltage,

V (Volt)

Current,

I

(mA)

Rth= KΩI

V

d) To find load current IL1 using thevenins

equivalent circuit

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d) To find Norton’s equivalent current IN:

Fig: (4.4)

S. No

Thevenins equivalent voltage

(Vth) Volt

Current

IL1

(mA)

d) To find Norton’s equivalent current IN:

Fig. (4.5) Tabular Column:


(VS) Volt

Current

IN

(mA)

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Initially keep the RPS voltage knob in zero volt position.

2. Set the ammeter pointer at zero position.

3. Take the readings without parallax error.

4. Avoid loose connections.

5. Do not short-circuit the output terminals of the R.P.S.

PROCEDURE:

Thevenin’s Theorem

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram (4.1)


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3. Note down the current IL through the load terminals AB (Ammeter Reading)

4. Disconnect the circuit and connect as per the fig (4.2).


6. Note down the voltage across the load terminals AB (Voltmeter Reading) that gives Vth.


8. Set the R.P.S output voltage to say V=5V.

9. Note down the current (I) supplied by the source (Ammeter Reading).

10. The ratio of V and I gives the Rth.

11. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram (4.4).

12. Set the R.P.S output voltage to 6.96V.

13. Note down the current IL1 through the load terminals AB (Ammeter Reading).

14. Disconnect the circuit and verify the IL=IL1.

Norton’s Theorem

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram (4.5)


3. Note down the current IL through the load terminals AB (Ammeter Reading)



6. Note down the current through the load terminals AB (ammeter Reading) that gives IN.


8. Set the R.P.S output voltage to say V=5V.

9. Note down the current supplied by the source I (Ammeter Reading).

10. The ratio of V and I gives the RN.

11. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram (4.8).

12. Set the current source to 4.107.mA

13. Note down the current IL1 through the load terminals AB (Ammeter Reading).

14. Disconnect the circuit and verify the IL=IL1.

Theoretical Calculations:

Network Theory Lab

RESULT:

Since IL=IL l Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems are verified and practical values are compared with

theoretical values.

S.No Parameter

Thevenin’s theorem Norton’s theorem

Theoretical

Values

Practical

Values

Theoretical

Values

Practical

Values

1 Vth

2 Rth

3 Load current

4 IN

Network Theory Lab

CONCLUSIONS:

1. The response through the load of the given circuit is same even though its Thevenin’s

equivalent circuit replaces the circuit.

2. The response through the load of the given circuit is same even though the circuit is

replaced by its Norton’s equivalent circuit.

circuit Diagram:

5 RN

6 Load current

Network Theory Lab

Practical Circuits:

EXP.NO: DATE:

MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM

AIM: To verify maximum power transfer theorem theoretically and practically.

APPARATUS:

Network Theory Lab

S.No.

Name of the equipment

Range

Type

Quantity

1. RPS (0-30)V .. 1

2 Bread Board .. .. 1

3 Resistors

4 Ammeter (0-500)mA MC 1

5 Voltmeter (0-30)V MC 1

6 DRB (0-1)M ohm .. 1

7 Connecting Wires .. .. ..

Statement for maximum power transfer theorem:

It states that the maximum power is transferred from the source to the load, when the

load resistance is equal to the source resistance.

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as shown in fig(1).

2. By varying RL in steps, note down the reading of ammeter IL in each step.

3. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (2), measure the effective resistance Rth.with the

help of digital multi meter.

4. Calculate power delivered to load PL in each step.

5. Draw a graph PL Vs RL and find the RL corresponding to maximum power from it.

6. Verify that RL corresponding to maximum power from the graph is equal to the Rth(

which is nothing but source resistance RS).

Network Theory Lab

Tabular Column

S.No.

VS(V)

VL(V)

IL(A)

RL= VL (Ω)

IL

P= VLIL (W)


Network Theory Lab

Network Theory Lab

Result:

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

1) What is the Statement of Maximum Power Transfer theorem?

2) What is a non linear network?

3) What is a unilateral network?

4) What are the applications of the above theorem?

5) What are the advantages & disadvantages of the above theorem?

6) State the maximum power transfer theorem for AC network?

Network Theory Lab

Circuit Diagram:

Network Theory Lab

EXP.NO: DATE:

ANALYSIS OF RL CIRCUITS FOR PULSE EXCITATION

AIM:

To draw the time response of first order R-L Networks for periodic non sinusoidal functions

and determination of time constant.

APPARATUS:

S.No.


Range

Type

Quantity

1. Function Generator (0-1)MHz .. 1


3 DRB .. .. 1

4 DLB .. .. 1

5 CRO .. .. 1


PROCEDURE:-

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Give 2V Peak to peak square wave supply through function generator with

suitable frequency.

3. Take out put across inductor in RL Circuit, across capacitor in RC Circuits.

4. Calculate the time constant from CRO.

5. For deferent values of T and V Calculate corresponding (L/R) Values.

6. Compare the time constant theoretically and practically.

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Model Waveform:

Network Theory Lab


Network Theory Lab

Result:

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

1) Define impedance?

2) Define suseptance?

3) What is the Impedance of series RL circuit?

4) What is the Impedance of series RC circuit?

5) What is the Time constant of series RL circuit?

6) What is the Time constant of series RC circuit?

7) What happen if DC supply applied to inductor?

8) What happen if DC supply applied to capacitor?

Network Theory Lab

Circuit Diagram

EXP.NO: DATE:

ANALYSIS OF RC CIRCUITS FOR PULSE EXCITATION

Network Theory Lab

AIM:

To draw the time response of first order RC Networks for periodic non sinusoidal functions

and determination of time constant.

APPARATUS:

S.No.


Range

Type

Quantity



3 DRB .. .. 1

4 DCB .. .. 1

5 CRO .. .. 1


PROCEDURE:-

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Give 2V Peak to peak square wave supply through function generator with suitable

frequency.

3. Take out put across capacitor in RC Circuits.

4. Calculate the time constant from CRO.

5. For deferent values of T and V Calculate corresponding (RC) Values.

6. Compare the time constant theoretically and practically.

Model Waveform:

Network Theory Lab


Network Theory Lab

Result:

Network Theory Lab

Network Theory Lab

EXP.NO: DATE:

FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT

AIM: To verify resonant frequency, bandwidth & quality factor of RLC series Resonant

circuits.

APPARATUS:

S.No.


Range

Type

Quantity

1 Function Generator (0-1)MHz .. 1


3 DRB .. .. 1

4 DCB .. .. 1

5 DMM .. .. 1


PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the fig(1)

2. Apply a fixed voltage through function generator to the circuit.

3. The frequency of the signal is varied in steps and note down corresponding

ammeter reading as Is. observe that current is maximum at resonant frequency.

4. Draw a graph between frequency f and current Is .Mark Resonant frequency

and Current at half power frequencies.

𝑄 = 𝑓0

𝑓2 − 𝑓1

5. Find Bandwidth = (f2-f1.) & Quality factor from graph.

6. Compare practical values of resonant frequency, Q-factor and Bandwidth with

theoretical values.

Network Theory Lab

Observations:

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Network Theory Lab


Result:

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VIVA QUESTIONS:-

1) Define Resonance?

2) Define bandwidth?

3) What is resonant condition in series RLC circuit?

4) Define quality factor?

5) What is half power frequencies?

6) What is the resonance frequency of series RLC circuit?

7) What is the band width of series RLC circuit?

8) What are the half power frequencies of series RLC circuit?

Network Theory Lab

Circuit Diagram:

EXP.NO: DATE:

Network Theory Lab

FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF PARALLEL RESONANCE CIRCUIT

AIM: To verify resonant frequency, bandwidth & quality factor of RLC parallel Resonant

circuits.

APPARATUS:

PROCEDURE:

1) Connect the circuit as shown in the fig.

2) Apply a fixed voltage through function generator to the circuit.

3) The frequency of the signal is varied in steps and note down corresponding

ammeter reading as Ip.

4) Observe that current is minimum at resonant frequency.

5) Draw a graph between frequency f and current Is .Mark resonant

frequency and current at half power frequencies.

6) Find Bandwidth = (f2-f1.) & Quality factor from graph.

7) Compare practical values of resonant frequency, Q-factor and Bandwidth with

theoretical values.

S.No.


Range

Type

Quantity



3 DRB .. .. 1

4 DLB .. .. 1

5 DCB .. .. 1

6 DMM .. .. 1


Network Theory Lab

EEE DEPARTMENT Page 49

Observations:

S.NO. Frequency (f) Current (Is)

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Network Theory Lab


Result:

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

1) Define Resonance?

2) What is the quality factor of parallel RLC circuit?

3) What is Resonant condition in series RLC circuit?

4) Define quality factor?

5) What is half power frequencies?

6) What is the resonance frequency of parallel RLC circuit?

7) What is the band width of parallel RLC circuit?

8) What are the half power frequencies of parallel RLC circuit?

Network Theory Lab


Exp. No.: Date:

DETERMINATION OF Z AND Y PARAMETERS

AIM: To determine open circuit impedance parameters (Z) and short circuit admittance parameters (Y)

of the given two port network.

APPARATUS:


1 Dual channel

Regulated power supply (0 – 30)V - 1

2 Voltmeters (0-10) V MC 2

3 Ammeters (0-10m) A MC 2

4 Resistors

1k

2.2 K

470

Carbon

Composition

2

1

1

5 Bread board - - 1

6 Connecting wires - - Required

Number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Initially keep the RPS output voltage knob in zero volt position.

2. Set the ammeter pointer to zero position.

3. Take the readings without parallax error.

4. Avoid loose connections.

5. Do not short-circuit the RPS output terminals.

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PROCEDURE:


2. Adjust the output voltage of the regulated power supply to an appropriate value (Say 10V).

3. Note down the corresponding current (I1) through the input port, 1-11 and voltage (V2)

across the output port, 2-21.

4. Reduce the voltage to zero, disconnect the circuit and calculate Z11 and Z21 using the

formulae, Z11=V1/I1 and Z21=V2/I1.


6. Vary the R.P.S. output voltage to 5V, 10Vand 15V

7. Reduce the voltage to zero, disconnect the circuit and calculate Z22 and Z12 using the

formulae, Z22=V2/I2 and Z12=V1/I2

8. Connect the circuit as per the fig(3.3).

9. Vary the R.P.S. output voltage to 5V, 10V and 15V.

10. Note down the corresponding currents through the input port I1 and output port I2.

11. Reduce the voltage to zero, disconnect the circuit and calculate Y11 and Y21 using the

formulae,Y11=I1/V1 and Y21=I2/V1.


13. Vary the R.P.S. output voltage to 5V, 10V and 15V..

14. Note down the corresponding currents through the input port I1 and output port I2.

15. Reduce the voltage to zero, disconnect the circuit and calculate Y11 and Y21 using the

formulae,Y12=I1/V2 and Y22=I2/V2.

Network Theory Lab


DETERMINATION OF Z AND Y PARAMETERS

GIVEN CIRCUIT:


a) To find Z11&Z21:

a) To find Z11&Z21:

Fig. (9.1)

Tabular Column:

S.

No

V1

(Volts)

V2

(Volts)

I1

(mA)

11z kΩI

v

1

1 kΩI

vz

1

221


b) To find Z22&Z12:

b) To find Z22&Z12:

Network Theory Lab


c) To find Y11&Y21:

S.

No

V1

(volts)

V2

(volts)

I2

(mA)

kΩI

vz

2

222 kΩ

I

vz

2

112

c) To find Y11&Y21:

Tabular Column:

S.

No

V1

(volts)

I2

(mA)

I1

(mA)

1

111

V

IY

(mho)

1

221

V

Iy

(mho)

Network Theory Lab



b)To find y22&y12:

b) To find y22&y12:

S.

No

V2

(volts)

I2

(mA)

I1

(mA)

2

2

22V

Iy

(mho)

2

1

12V

IY

(mho)

RESULT:

Open circuited impedance and short circuit admittance parameters are determined and are compared

with theoretical values.

S.No Parameter Theoretical Values Practical Values

1 Z11

2 Z12

3 Z21

4 Z22

5 Y11

6 Y12

7 Y21

8 Y22

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CONCLUSIONS:

1. Since Z12 = Z21 and Y12 = Y21 the given circuit is reciprocal.

2. Since Z11 = Z22 and Y11 = Y22 the given circuit is symmetrical.

3. There is a small deviation between theoretical and practical values because internal resistances

of source and meters are not considered.

Network Theory Lab


Circuit Diagram:

Network Theory Lab


EXP.NO: DATE:

FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF CONSTANT K LOW PASS &

HIGH PASS FILTER

Aim: To design a low pass RC circuit for the given cutoff frequency and obtain its frequency

response.

Theory:

The process whereby the form of a non sinusoidal signal is altered by transmission through a

linear network is called “linear wave shaping”. An ideal low pass circuit is one that allows all the

input frequencies below a frequency called cutoff frequency fc and attenuates all those above this

frequency. For practical low pass circuit (Fig.1) cutoff is set to occur at a frequency where the gain

of the circuit falls by 3 dB from its maximum at very high frequencies the capacitive reactance is

very small, so the output is almost equal to the input and hence the gain is equal to 1. Since circuit

attenuates low frequency signals and allows high frequency signals with little or no attenuation, it is

called a high pass circuit.

Procedure:

Frequency response characteristics:

1 .Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.1 and apply a sinusoidal signal of amplitude of 2V p-p as

input.

2. Vary the frequency of input signal in suitable steps 100 Hz to 1 MHz and note down the p-p

amplitude of output signal.

3. Obtain frequency response characteristics of the circuit by finding gain at each frequency and

plotting gain in dB vs frequency.

4. Find the cutoff frequency fc by noting the value of f at 3 dB down from the maximum gain

Precautions:

1. Connections should be made carefully.

2. Verify the circuit connections before giving supply.

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3. Take readings without any parallax error

Sample readings

Model Graphs and wave forms

Low Pass RC circuit frequency response:

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High Pass RC circuit response

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Result:

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

1) Define filter?

2) Define low-pass filter?

3) Define high-pass filter?

4) Define cut-off frequency?

5) What is the cut off frequency of RC low-pass filter?

6) Define notch filter?

Network Theory Lab


circuit diagram

Network Theory Lab


EXP.NO: DATE:

FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF BAND PASS FILTER

Aim: To design a band pass RC circuit for the given cutoff frequency and obtain its

frequency response.

Procedure:

1) Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.1 and apply a sinusoidal signal of amplitude of

2V p-p as input.

2) Vary the frequency of input signal in suitable steps 100 Hz to 1 MHz and note

down the p-p amplitude of output signal.

3) Obtain frequency response characteristics of the circuit by finding gain at each

frequency and plotting gain in dB vs frequency.

4) Find the cutoff frequency fc by noting the value of f at 3 dB down from the maximum

gain

Network Theory Lab

Sample readings

Band Pass RC Circuit Input Voltage: Vi=2 V(p-p)


Network Theory Lab

Network Theory Lab

Results:

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

1) Define filter?

2) Define band-pass filter?

3) Define band width?

4) Define cut-off frequency?

5) What is the cut off frequency of RC band-pass filter?

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