network analysis of the local public health sector: translating evidence into practice helen...
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Network Analysis of the local Network Analysis of the local Public Health Sector: Public Health Sector:
Translating evidence into practiceTranslating evidence into practice
Helen McAneneyHelen McAneney
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences,Queen’s University BelfastQueen’s University Belfast
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Early beginnings for Social Network Analysis
• Stanley Milgram and six
degrees of separation
– the Erdös number and
the Kevin Bacon game
• Granovetter (1973):
– “The strength of weak
ties”
• Watts and Strogatz (1998):
– “Collective dynamics of
small-world networks”Euler’s Konigsberg's Bridges Problem (1736)
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Applications
• Knowledge transfer
• Disease transfer
– STDs
– Avian flu (hub airports)
• Drugs/smoking/obesity
• Web, Google
• Citations of articles
• Neighbourhood effects
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The shape of the US purely from the flight paths.
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SNA Theory
• Nodes (actors) and edges (ties)
• Adjacency matrix A
• SNA measures
– Centrality, centralisation, block-modelling
• Freeman Degree Centrality
– No. of edges attached to it
– Normalised Degree
n
jiji Ak
1
maxkki
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SNA Theory
• Bonacich Eigenvector Centrality
– Edges weighted by influence of node connected to
– is largest e-value, x is e-vector of A
• Betweenness Centrality
– Fraction of geodesic paths that a given node lies on
– Control a node has over flow of information
n
jjiji xAx
1
1
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A few examples: Star network
• Star network
• Adjacency matrix of
0000001
0000001
0000001
0000001
0000001
0000001
1111110
STARA
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A few examples: Star network
• Centrality measures
– Freeman Degree
– Bonacich Eigenvector
– Betweenness
• Centralisation 100%, node1 dominates
Node Degree Eigenvector Betweenness 1 6 0.707 15 2 1 0.29 0 3 1 0.29 0 4 1 0.29 0 5 1 0.29 0 6 1 0.29 0 7 1 0.29 0
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A few examples: Circle network
• Circle network
• Adjacency matrix of
0100001
1010000
0101000
0010100
0001010
0000101
1000010
CIRCLEA
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A few examples: Circle network
• Centrality measures
– Freeman Degree
– Bonacich Eigenvector
– Betweenness
• Centralisation 0%, all nodes equal
Node Degree Eigenvector Betweenness 1 2 0.38 3 2 2 0.38 3 3 2 0.38 3 4 2 0.38 3 5 2 0.38 3 6 2 0.38 3 7 2 0.38 3
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A few examples: Line network
• Line network (‘broken circle’)
• Adjacency matrix of
0010000
0001000
1000100
0100010
0010001
0001001
0000110
LINEA
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A few examples: Line network
• Centrality measures
• Centralisation
– 6.67% (degree)
– 39% (e-vector)
– 31% (betweenness)
Node Degree Eigenvector Betweenness 1 2 0.50 9 2 2 0.46 8 3 2 0.46 8 4 2 0.35 5 5 2 0.35 5 6 1 0.19 0 7 1 0.19 0
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CoE Network in Public Health
• Launch of UKCRC CoE in
Public Health (NI) June 2008
• Questionnaire to provide
baseline data
• Create a map of PH community
in NI
• 98 participants from 44
organisations & research
clusters
• 193 nodes (organisations)
nominated
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How personal goals related to those of CoE
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CoE Network in Public Health
193 organisations and research clusters
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• Centrality measures
• Centralisation
– 16% (out-degree) & 5% (in-degree)
– 51% (eigenvector)
– 4% (betweenness)
Out-Degree In-Degree Eigenvector Betweenness 1. QUB_CCPS DHSSPS BHSCT DHSSPS 2. EHSSB BHSCT DHSSPS BHSCT 3. NICR IPH QUB_CCPS QUB_NM 4. DHSSPS HSCT UU UU 5. QUB_NM QUB EHSSB IPH 6. BHSCT UU RDO RDO
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Block-model of Network
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Block-model of Network
Root mean square of impact and strength
Values of 1 (high) – 3 (low)Strongest if 2 (1+1), weakest if 6 (3+3)
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Questions for the future
• Identified difference in attitudes/goals of academics & non-academics.
• Sectors with little or no interaction
• Influential organisation
– good or bad?
• ‘Value’ of trans-disciplinary interaction
• CoE’s translational message,
– improving cross collaboration
– improving effectiveness for clinical or PH outcomes
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Acknowledgement
• Dr Jim McCann
– School of Mathematics and Physics
• Prof. Lindsay Prior
– School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work,
• Jane Wilde CBE
– The Institute of Public Health in Ireland
• Prof. Frank Kee
– Director UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health
– www.qub.ac.uk/coe