Network Centric Operations(the GIG’s up!)

Network Centric Operations(the (the GIG’sGIG’s up!)up!)

Eric Eric SkoogSkoogDirector of EngineeringDirector of Engineering

ESC ESC -- 653653rdrd ELSWELSW V0.3: 8 Sep 06

… an Information Age Transformation… an Information Age Transformation

Transforming National Defense –Net-Centric Operations

Transforming National Defense Transforming National Defense ––NetNet--Centric OperationsCentric Operations

National Security StrategyNational Security StrategyTransform America’s national security institutions to meet the challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century.

National Defense StrategyNational Defense StrategyWe will conduct networknetwork--centriccentric operationsoperations with compatible information and communications systems, usable data, and flexible operational constructs.

Beyond battlefield applications, a a networknetwork--centriccentricforceforce can increase efficiency and effectiveness across defense operations, intelligence functions, and business processes...

Transforming to a a networknetwork--centriccentric forceforce requires fundamental changes in process, policy, and culture.

National Military StrategyNational Military Strategy...creation of a collaborative information environment that facilitates information sharinginformation sharing, effective synergistic planning, and execution of simultaneous, overlapping operations... on demand to defense policymakers, warfighters and support personnel.

Net Centric Operations(an emerging operational concept)Net Centric OperationsNet Centric Operations

(an emerging operational concept)(an emerging operational concept)

Creates an Information AdvantageInformation Advantage andtranslates it into a decisive Warfighting Warfighting Advantage Advantage

Information AdvantageInformation Advantage - enabled by robust networkingnetworking of well informed geographically dispersed forces characterized by:

Information sharingShared situational awarenessKnowledge of commander’s intent

WarfightingWarfighting AdvantageAdvantage -- exploits behavioral change and new doctrine to enable:• Self-synchronization• Speed of command• Increased combat power

A Military Transformational Response to the Information Age

“Network-Centric”(an oxymoron?)

““NetworkNetwork--Centric”Centric”(an oxymoron?)(an oxymoron?)

Oxymoron = a dichotomy, e.g.,

Network: connotes distributed

Centric: situated at, in, or near the middle

Networking; utilizing contacts (others information) to succeed

easily reached from various points

……think about it a bit differentlythink about it a bit differently

a Global Grid of Networksa Global Grid of Networksa Global Grid of Networks

SPACESPACE

AIRAIR

TERRESTRIALTERRESTRIAL

SPACESPACE

AIRAIR

TERRESTRIALTERRESTRIAL

but what about the “INFORMATION?” but what about the “INFORMATION?” …a Global …a Global INFORMATIONINFORMATION Grid (GIG)Grid (GIG)

GIG LAYER ELEMENTSGIG LAYER ELEMENTS

Realizing the GIGRealizing the GIGRealizing the GIG

(AWACS; JSTARS; E(AWACS; JSTARS; E--10; AOC; …)10; AOC; …)MISSION MISSION PLATFORMsPLATFORMs

(Key ESC programs)(Key ESC programs)(Key ESC programs)

INFORMATION TRANSPORTINFORMATION TRANSPORT(CITS; FAB(CITS; FAB--T; AMF JTRS; TDC; IBS; …)T; AMF JTRS; TDC; IBS; …)

ARCHS/STDS/PROCESSARCHS/STDS/PROCESS(NESI; STP; DISR; …)(NESI; STP; DISR; …)

(PKI; JNMS; JSS; AFEKMS: …)(PKI; JNMS; JSS; AFEKMS: …)NETOPS (IA + Net Mgmt)NETOPS (IA + Net Mgmt)

(OBJ GATEWAY; CLIP; …)(OBJ GATEWAY; CLIP; …)INFO MANAGEMENTINFO MANAGEMENT

(TMBCS; DCGS; AFMSS; GCSS(TMBCS; DCGS; AFMSS; GCSS--AF; …)AF; …)NETWORKED APPLICATIONSNETWORKED APPLICATIONS

((CoTCoT; DNS; NTS; NCES…); DNS; NTS; NCES…)ENTERPRISE SERVICEENTERPRISE SERVICE

Net Centric Operations (NCO)(the CONOPS of the GIG)

Net Centric Operations (NCO)Net Centric Operations (NCO)(the CONOPS of the GIG)(the CONOPS of the GIG)

11 Get ConnectedGet Connected Global GridGlobal Grid

22 Share InfoShare Info InfoInfo MgmtMgmt

33 Protect InfoProtect Info InfoInfo AssuranceAssurance

Achieve “INFORMATION REACH” where anything on the network can be dynamically integrated to support any mission.

THREE SIMPLE NCO TENETS:THREE SIMPLE NCO TENETS:

The Key to Managing GIG Complexity is AbstractionThe Key to Managing GIG The Key to Managing GIG Complexity is AbstractionComplexity is Abstraction

Use structurestructure to hide internal complexity

e.g., object models, layered architecture, modularity

Use “loose coupling”“loose coupling” to manage dependency

Minimum essential details exposed at interfaces

Shifting emphasis from “Local” to “Enterprise” use often requires trading (locally optimized) “BEST” for

(locally sub-optimized) “GOOD ENOUGH”

DigitizationSensors

Physical

Networks Networks

Datalinks

Info ServicesInfo Infrastructure

Data Stores

Presentation Applications

Apps Services

DigitizationSensors

Physical

Networks Networks

Datalinks

Info ServicesInfo Infrastructure

Data Stores

Presentation Applications

Apps Services

ESC’sESC’sSTRATEGIC STRATEGIC TECHNICAL TECHNICAL PLAN (STP) PLAN (STP)

LAYERsLAYERs

Info

rmat

ion

Ass

uran

ce

Protect the Net• Ruthless Monitoring & Auditing• Crypto Modernization• Computer Network Defense

in Depth• Deny the Same to the Enemy

In a TrustedTrustedEnvironment

.

Provide the Net• Laser based Comms onGround and in Space

• Integrate All Systems Across theSpectrum Using IP Networks

• Increased Bandwidth Availability

More WarfightersConnectedConnected & Collaborating

Network Centric Operations& C4ISR Transformation

Network Centric OperationsNetwork Centric Operations& C4ISR Transformation& C4ISR Transformation

Stenbit: 2003

Populate the Net• Increase Persistence & Surprise to Gain More Secrets

• Provide Unconstrained Access to Information

• Provide Data Structure for Rapid Retrieval• Provide Distributed Analysis• Tag Data

With More Precise InformationInformation

Connecting People With Information

Bottom Line Up FrontBottom Line Up Front

Our Current Systems:CannotCannot communicate across stovepipes– Need Cross-Domain Solutions

CannotCannot meet spiraling information demands– Must be Scalable

CannotCannot support unanticipated needs and users– Demands Agility and Flexibility

We need a new approach!We need a new approach!

Grimes: 2006

Getting CONNECTED (it’s more than point-to-point)

Getting CONNECTED Getting CONNECTED (it’s more than point(it’s more than point--toto--point)point)

NETWORKING = exchanging information NETWORKING = exchanging information among multiple partiesamong multiple parties

Multi-party communication (a desire to NETWORK)!

...and MIL Radio (Voice) Networks were born

...and MIL Radio (Voice) ...and MIL Radio (Voice) Networks were bornNetworks were born

337875

”This is Rover 3, bogies at 4 O’clock!”

One Talker at a timeOne Talker at a time--------Many listeners!Many listeners!

... and (voice) networks proliferated

... and (voice) networks ... and (voice) networks proliferatedproliferated

AIR-AIR C2 VOICE NETS

GRD - GRD & GRD-AIR-GRD C2 VOICE NETS

......but only CARRIED LIMITED DATA!......but only CARRIED LIMITED DATA!

so along came Tactical DATA Link (TDL) Networks (particularly JTIDS)so along came Tactical so along came Tactical DATADATA Link Link (TDL) Networks (TDL) Networks (particularly JTIDS)(particularly JTIDS)

E-3 AWACS Block

F-15E

E-8 Joint STARS

U.S. AIR FORCE

JS

LINK 16

And the combat multiplying power of And the combat multiplying power of (many(many--toto--many) networked assets many) networked assets

started to be revealedstarted to be revealed

Networked Mission Assets(the “N” in NCO)

Networked Mission AssetsNetworked Mission Assets(the “N” in NCO)(the “N” in NCO)

NETWORKING ASSETS NETWORKING ASSETS EXTENDS SINGLE SHIP EXTENDS SINGLE SHIP

INTEGRATED AVIONICS M2M INTEGRATED AVIONICS M2M CONCEPTS & CAPABILITIES CONCEPTS & CAPABILITIES

TO MULTITO MULTI--PLATFORM PLATFORM MISSION PACKAGES MISSION PACKAGES

P-51 COCKPIT: NON-INTEGRATED FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

MODERN COCKPITS: INTEGRATED (AVIONICs) SYSTEMS

U.S. AIR FORCE

JS

U.S. AIR FORCE

JS

NETWORKED MISSION ASSETS

Net Centric Operations (the value proposition)

Net Centric Operations Net Centric Operations (the value proposition)(the value proposition)

Networked Mission Assets Networked Mission Assets enable increased operational enable increased operational

effectiveness and mission effectiveness and mission success rates by enhancing success rates by enhancing

platform functions, e.g., platform functions, e.g., - Sensors (Netted) - Weapons (Integrated Fire Control) - Communications (Assured) - Fusion (Collaborative) - Navigation (Cooperative) - Defensive Systems - ...others...

via mutual support capabilities, i.e.,via mutual support capabilities, i.e.,(1) System function backup/substitution(2) New operationally collaborative, innovative capabilities

U.S. AIR FORCE

JS

U.S. AIR FORCE

JS

NETWORKED MISSION ASSETS

“The space and air network will leverage evolving technologies and bring about the NETWORKNETWORK--CENTRIC OPERATIONSCENTRIC OPERATIONS

capabilities of INTERNETINTERNET--PROTOCOL BASED PROTOCOL BASED NETWORKsNETWORKs to overcome the current challenge of making the information

exchange between platforms completely interoperable without degrading performance.”

General John P. Jumper (former AF Chief of Staff)

The Quest for “Enhanced” Networks

The Quest for The Quest for “Enhanced” Networks“Enhanced” Networks

“The key to achieving information superiority is developing a robust SPACE & AIR NETWORKSPACE & AIR NETWORK

that provides connectivity to network-enabled platforms, fused

intelligence, and real-time command and control.” AF POSTURE STATEMENT TO SENATE

ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE (10 FEB 05)

0

500

1 4 7 10

Sarnoff’s (N Linear)

11

N

Valu

e

3 Network Value Models

Networks: How does their Value Scale?Networks: How does their Value Scale?Networks: How does their Value Scale?

Metcalf’s (N2 Squared)

22

Reed’s (2N Exponential)

33

aN

bNbN22

c2N

The Result?The Result?Undoubtedly, Undoubtedly, NetCentricNetCentric OperationsOperations

extended to the tactical edge willextended to the tactical edge willsupport the first line of defensesupport the first line of defense

(e.g., the guy in the tank and Battlefield Airmen!)(e.g., the guy in the tank and Battlefield Airmen!)

BUT WHAT ABOUT AFFORDABILITY?BUT WHAT ABOUT AFFORDABILITY?

d o t d o t MM l p fl p f

DOTMLPF (does the “M” stand for MONEY?)

DOTDOTMMLPF LPF (does the (does the “M”“M” stand for MONEY?)stand for MONEY?)

(e.g., mandated solutions)(e.g., mandated solutions)• JTRS• GIG BE• TSAT• FAB-T• TTNT• HAIPE• ….

MATERIELMATERIEL

BUT…”BIG BANG” BOXES BEGET BIG BUCKS!BUT…”BIG BANG” BOXES BEGET BIG BUCKS!

DoD IT Budget (FY07PB)DoD IT Budget (FY07PB)DoD IT Budget (FY07PB)

Other$1.03%

Information Assurance

$2.37%

Comms & Computing

Infrastructure$14.347%

Business Systems

$4.515%

Warfighting Systems

$8.828%

Other$1.03%

Information Assurance

$2.06%

Comms & Computing

Infrastructure$14.145%

Business Systems

$4.715%

Warfighting Systems

$10.031%

FY 2006FY 2006$31.9B$31.9B

FY 2007FY 2007$30.9B$30.9B

(dollars in billions)

Source: OSD/NII

C4IC4I(1 lb)

What’s a Pound of C4I Worth?What’s a Pound of C4I Worth?

d o t d o t MM l p l p -- ff

Perhaps the “M” should stand for something else?

Perhaps the “M” should stand for something else?

(e.g., mandated solutions)(e.g., mandated solutions)• JTRS• GIG BE• TSAT• FAB-T• TTNT• HAIPE• ….

MATERIELMATERIELPerhaps it should represent Perhaps it should represent “MISSION EFFECTIVENESS”“MISSION EFFECTIVENESS”

justify C4I materiel solution investments justify C4I materiel solution investments

enhanced/increased MISSION EFFECTIVENESSenhanced/increased MISSION EFFECTIVENESSthrough their contributions to through their contributions to

Conclusion: NetCentricity ImpactsConclusion: Conclusion: NetCentricityNetCentricity ImpactsImpacts

VALUEVALUE: we are just now beginning to understand the full dynamics and value of ‘networking’ and netcentric operations

SPEEDSPEED: where netCentric-based capabilities prevail, information latency will be reduced, ‘dots will be connected faster’ and organizations will become more agile

COMMAND & CONTROLCOMMAND & CONTROL: netCentric-based capabilities will be used to facilitate leaderships’ proactive vision and cognition while concurrently supporting autonomy

SHARED SERVICESSHARED SERVICES: there is a metamorphosis taking place today, as stovepipes are broken down into manageable capabilities that areprovided to downstream consumers; facilitating more effective portfolio management of the enterprise

MARKETSHAREMARKETSHARE: may erode in the short term for some companies by competing solutions that introduce netCentric capabilities.

Summary: ESC..Summary: ESC..Summary: ESC..

Is Is commitedcommited to building netto building net--centric centric systems affordably & efficientlysystems affordably & efficiently

Has established a Strategic Technical Plan Has established a Strategic Technical Plan (STP) to define the architectural approach(STP) to define the architectural approach

Has generated Has generated NetCentricNetCentric Enterprise Enterprise Solutions for Interoperability (NESI) Solutions for Interoperability (NESI) documentation to provide documentation to provide NetCentricNetCentricimplementation guidanceimplementation guidance

= a concept of military combat and support operations where Information Superiority leads to military victory and is achieved through the timely integration of finder,

decider and shooter information and decision making.

The RESULT Improved Shared AwarenessIncreased Speed of CommandHigher OPSTEMPOGreater Precision and therefore leathalityIncreased SurvivabilityReduced FratricideUnaided Self Synchronization

i.e., INCREASED COMBAT POWER

Network Centric Warfare (NCW) NCO in Wartime

Network Centric Warfare (NCW) NCO in Wartime

Netted force

The “Big 5” Programs

1. GIG Bandwidth Expansion2. Joint Tactical Radio System3. Transformational Satellite4. Information Assurance5. Net Centric Enterprise Svcs

The “Big 5” ProgramsThe “Big 5” Programs

1.1. GIG Bandwidth ExpansionGIG Bandwidth Expansion2.2. Joint Tactical Radio SystemJoint Tactical Radio System3.3. Transformational SatelliteTransformational Satellite4.4. Information AssuranceInformation Assurance5.5. Net Centric Enterprise Net Centric Enterprise SvcsSvcs

Working hard to Network the ForceWorking hard to Working hard to

Network the ForceNetwork the Force

Networking the Force via mandated systems?Networking the Force Networking the Force

via mandated systems?via mandated systems?

Centralized Chain That Can Be Cut or BrokenMultiple “Stovepipe” Comms InfrastructuresTotally Unrestricted InformationTask, Process, Exploit, Disseminate (TPED)Fixed – Domain Specific – SecurityDuplicative Data Entry Best-Time-Possible Hierarchical CommandPush Information OutBandwidth ConstrainedCycle-time in HoursRisk AvoidanceCircuits

Doesn’t MeanDoesn’t MeanMeansMeansRobust Networks Without a Central WeaknessInteroperable Communications InfrastructureMore Information, Gathered in Smarter WaysTask, Post, Process, Use (TPPU)Dynamic – or Situational – SecurityOnly Handle Information Once (OHIO) Real-time CollaborationPull Assured Information DownSecure Bandwidth As NeededCycle-time in SecondsRisk ManagementPackets

Key Characteristics OfNetwork Centric Operations

Key Characteristics OfKey Characteristics OfNetwork Centric OperationsNetwork Centric Operations

NetCentric ObjectivesNetCentricNetCentric ObjectivesObjectives

http://www.dodccrp.org/publications/pdf/journal_defence_science.pdf Source: DoD Data Net-Centricity

• Robust

• Responsive

• Broad

• Flexible

• Adaptable

• Scalable

• Interoperable

• Synchronized

• Proactive

• Responsible

• Cost Effective

• Visible

• Accessible

• Understandable

• Trusted

• Interoperable

• Responsive to User Needs

• Institutional

““Attributes”Attributes”

Connecting People With Information

Scope of the Challenge

World Wide

Info Storage – equivalent of 800MB per person on earth each yearEmail – 31 B sent daily; expect to double by 2006Instant Messages (IM) – 592B sent daily; expect 1,380B by 2007Wireless Technology – over 1.5B mobile phone users; expected 2+B by 2007Internet – 1B users in 2005; expect 1.35B by 2007

Defense Enterprise*

IT Budget (FY06) – $30BComputers – 5MCAC Cards (issued) – 10MBusiness Processes –thousands (personnel, medical, logistics, etc.)IT Policies – hundredsCountries – 146Locations – 6,000Area – 30M acresBuildings – 600,000Intranets – 3 (NIPR, SIPR, JWICS)

*FY06

Connecting People With Information

Context for Net-Centric Operations

“Uncertainty is the defining characteristic of today’s strategicenvironment.” (National Defense Strategy)

Challenge – UNCERTAINTY– Leave behind the reasonable predictability of the past– Adjust to an era of surprise and uncertainty

“We have set about making US forces more AGILE and more expeditionary.” (Quadrennial Defense Review)

Response – AGILITY– Enterprise-wide: Battlefield Applications; Defense Operations;

Intelligence Functions; Business Processes – Capabilities Based: Access, Share, Collaborate– Fundamental Changes: Process, Policy, Culture– Emphasis Shift: From moving the user to the data – to moving data to

the user

Connecting People With Information

Defining Net-Centricity

People, processes, and technology working together to enable timely:

– ACCESS to information– SHARING of information– COLLABORATION among those who need

it most

Can Only Be Done on The Net!

Connecting People With Information

Private Sector Support

We continue to need your ideas and initiatives– Most important single thing is for more secure

commercial products, practices and services– But contributions welcome in every area

We need YOU– Help us solve our most pressing IA and technology

issues– Help us excite and attract the needed future talent

Need to bring more youth now into public serviceBaby Boomers beginning to retire

– Help us make this real…all of our futures depend on it

Connecting People With Information

Our Nation’s Security