network management system
DESCRIPTION
Network Management System. by Dedi Rahmawan Putra Advisor: Dr. Kai-Wei Ke. Outline. Network Management Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Structure of Management Information (SMI) Management Information Bases (MIBs) SNMP Manager and Agent(s) Application on 802.16 device. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
by Dedi Rahmawan PutraAdvisor: Dr. Kai-Wei Ke
March, 11 2008 1Network Management and Its Application
OutlineNetwork ManagementSimple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)Structure of Management Information (SMI)Management Information Bases (MIBs)SNMP Manager and Agent(s) Application on
802.16 device
March, 11 2008 2Network Management and Its Application
March, 11 2008 3Network Management and Its Application
by IETF (for INTERNET)Defining the standard (deciding on the
content)IESG: decides on formal statusImportant area includes :
Operations and ManagementsStandard made by this group:
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
March, 11 2008 4Network Management and Its Application
by ISOimportant for the definition of Network
Management Standarddefined by: ISO-IEC/JTC1/WG4Part of OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION
(OSI)OSI has little practical functionProtocol defined for management:
CMIP: Common Management Information Protocol
CMIS: Common Management Information Service
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by ITU-Tdefined by SG-IVStandard for network made by this group:
TMN: Telecommunication Management Network
Another groups within ITU-T also work on management
March, 11 2008 6Network Management and Its Application
Other GroupsDMTF (Distributed Management Task Force)
WBEM: Web Based Enterprise ManagementCIM: Common Information Model
TM-Forum (Tele-Management Forum)Originally based on OSI
OMG (Object Management Group)looking at CORBA for management
IEEE
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DifferencesIETF ISO TMN
Management should be simple
Management should be powerful
Define management architecture only
Variable Oriented Approach
Object Oriented Approach
Using OSI protocol (CMIP & CMIS)
Unreliable transport mechanisms
Reliable underlying transport
Management Information is exchanged out-of-band
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History
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starting as temporary solutionmany ideas were copied from OSI
Management framework
COPIED:• Manager-Agent concept• MIBS• ASN.1• TERMINOLOGY
OSI Protocol Copied
OSI introduced new ideasReal object orientation
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Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP Milestone
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SGMP SNMPSNMP
SecuritySMPSNMPv2(parties)
SNMPv2(community) SNMPv3
draft fullstandard
proposedstandard
implementationexperience
draft standard
proposed standard
draftstandard
StandardSMI (Structure of Management Information)
Define how management information may look likeSMIv1: RFC 1155SMIv2: RFC2578 (currently used)
MIBs (Management Information Bases)Tell what management information existsMIB-I: RFC1156MIB-II: RFC1213
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)Define how information is exchangedSNMPv1: RFC1157SNMPv2: RFC1901, 1905, 1906SNMPv3: RFC2571-2575
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Goals of SNMPUbiquityInclusion of SNMP functionality should be
easySmall codeLimited functionality
Management Extension should be easyManagement Information is modularAdding new MIBs is easy
Management should be robustUsing connectionless transport
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Principle Operation
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ManagerManager
AgentsAgents
MIBMIB
poll
poll
poll
TRAPS
GET/SET
Transport SNMPv1 : unreliablev2/v3: reliable alternatives
variable
table
SNMP Layering
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ManagerManager AgentsAgents
SNMP PDUs
Connectionless Transport Service Provider (UDP)
MIB
REAL VALUE
Manager knowsdefinition
SNMPv1 CommandCommand Operational Result
GetRequest Request the values of one or more MIB variables
GetNextRequest Enables MIB variables to be read sequentially, one variable at a time
SetRequest Permits one or more MIB values to be updated
GetResponse Used to respond to a GetRequest, GetNextRequest, or SetRequest
Trap Indicates the occurence of a predefined condition
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SNMPv2 Command (mod. to v1)Command Operational Result
GetBulkRequest Almost similar with GetNextRequest, except it tells the agent to return as much data as possible that can fit into a response message commencing with the next larger value than the requested managed object.
InformRequest Enable the communication between managers.
Response Similar with GetResponse command in SNMPv1, only the the command was renamed.
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Remote Monitoring (RMON)An extension of the network manager’s operation.Monitor the data flowing on the remote network
using probe or RMON agents.RMON agents or probe has MIBs (v1:RFC1757;
v2:RFC2021)Overcomes degradation of lower operating rate
WAN bandwidth when monitoring geographically separated networks.
Reduces the amount of information required to be transmitted to NMS.
Reduces the potential bandwidth saturation of the WAN circuit.
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RMON Principle Operation
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WAN circuit
RMON Agent/ProbeRMON Agent/Probe
Network Management Station
Network Management Station
AgentAgent
MIB
RMON-MIBs
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Structure of Management Information and
Management Information Bases
SMIDenotes :
How MIB variables in an MIB are related to one another.
How variables are formatted.Information to obtain the standardization of the MIB.
Additional RFC:1212: concise MIB definition (extends SMIv1)2578: textual convention (definition of new types)
Purpose: to make the definition of new MIBs easierHelp to guide MIB designerDefine the syntaxAllow tools to be built
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How Mngmt Information is Stored?Management information within managed
systems may be represented as:SCALAR
eg. Current time, number of packet arrived
Type: integer, character, etc.TABLES
eg. Two dimensional array of scalar.Create a structure of scalars (size can be
dynamic).March, 11 2008 Network Management and Its Application 22
How Mngmt Info. is Exchanged?Can only exchange (a list of) scalars.Cannot read/write a table with an operation.To get a table one should reach each
individual elements (quite complex).
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SMI vs. OSIOSI management may have arbitrary structures.OSI supports the retrieval a complete table in
one command.SMI is defined based on 1988 ASN.1 constructs
inherited from OSI.The SMI research group tried to get rid of
ASN.1There’s no OSI standard for that version anymore,
it has been removed from OSIBuilding tools with ASN.1 is relatively difficultSMIv2 improves SMIv1
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SMIv2 Data Types of ScalarsSMIv2 SMIv1
SIMPLE TYPES
INTEGER INTEGER
OCTET STRING OCTET STRING
OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER
Integer32 -
APPLICATION WIDE TYPES
Unsigned32 -
Gauge32 Gauge32
Counter32 Counter32
Counter64 -
TimeTicks TimeTicks
IpAddress IpAddress
Opaque Opaque
- Network Address
PSEUDOTYPES BITS -
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Example of Scalar Object
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SNMP
address
name uptimeIpAddress
OCTET STRINGTimeTicks
MANAGERMANAGER AGENTAGENT
Object Naming
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1.1
1.2
1.2.1 1.2.2
Object and InstanceObject is the definition of somethingInstance has valueIn scalar, no distinction between object and
instancesBut in terms of table, object may have
multiple instances, multiple rowsThe case of table it’s useful to make
distinctionTo denote the instance, we need to add zero
“0” after the ID of the object to get its valueMarch, 11 2008 Network Management and Its Application 28
Get the value
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1.1.0
1.2.1.0 1.2.2.0
Standard Naming Tree
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Object Type DefinitionOBJECT-TYPE:
SYNTAX
INTEGEROCTET STRINGOBJECT IDENTIFIERBITSIpAddressInteger32Counter32Counter64Gauge32TimeTicksOpaqueNew Type
MAX-ACCESS
read-onlyread-writeread-createaccessible-for-notifynot-accessible
STATUScurrentdeprecatedobsolete
DESCRIPTION “”
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e.g. Definition of Leaf Object-- Definition of address
address OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION “Internet Address of this system”
::= {NEW-MIB 1}
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e.g. Definition of Non-Leaf ObjectUsing OBJECT IDENTIFIER
Using OBJECT IDENTITY
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info OBJECT-IDENTIFIER ::= {NEW-MIB 2}
info OBJECT-IDENTITYSTATUS currentDESCRIPTION “The intermediate node”::= {NEW-MIB 2}
Definition of A MIBNEW-MIB DEFINITIONS ::=
BEGIN
import statement(s)
module identity definition
definition of all node and leaf objects
definition of implementation requirements
END
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e.g. Module Identity DefinitionnewMIBModule MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED “200803111600Z”ORGANIZATION “NTUH”CONTACT-INFO ”
National Taiwan University HospitalTaiwan
DESCRIPTION“An Example of MIB Module”
:= {enterprises ntuh(20510) 2}
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e.g. Import Statement Definition
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE,
TimeTicks, enterprises
FROM SNMPv2-SMI;
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Retrieve Value from Table Entries
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Way 1 (not being used by SNMP)
1.3.2.5 = 3
Way 2: X.C.I (used by SNMP)
new-MIB.routeTable.next.8 = 3
destinationdestination
Table IndexingWe also can use GetNext to retrieve table
elements. Index not need to be a consecutive number.Not only Integer, any data type in SMI is
allowed.If index value is not unique:
add more index value which means we add another column to make it unique (multiple indexes).
The formula becomes X.C.I1.I2.
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Table Definition-- Definition of the route table
routeTable OBJECT-TYPESYNTAX SEQUENCE OF RouteEntryMAX-ACCESS not-accessibleSTATUS currentDESCRIPTION “This entity’s routing table”::={NEW-MIB 3}
routeEntry OBJECT-TYPESYNTAX RouteEntryMAX-ACCESS not-accessibleSTATUS currentDESCRIPTION “A route to a particular destination”INDEX {dest}::={routeTable 1}
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Table Definition (cont. 1)-- Definition of the new type for the row
RouteEntry ::=SEQUENCE{ dest IpAddress,
next IpAddress}
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Table Definition (cont. 2)dest OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddressMAX-ACCESS read-onlySTATUS currentDESCRIPTION “The address of a particular destination”::={route-entry 1}
next OBJECT-TYPESYNTAX IpAddressMAX-ACCESS read-writeSTATUS currentDESCRIPTION “The internet address of the next hop” ::={route-entry 2}
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Textual ConventionTo refine semantics of existing types.Example:
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RunState ::= TEXTUAL CONVENTIONSTATUS currentDESCRIPTION “…”SYNTAX INTEGER {
running (1)runable (2)waiting (3)exiting (4)
}
Notification TypeWith SMIv2 and SNMPv2, there is a
condition defined in MIB which if they happen, lead to a notification at the manager
Example:
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linkUp NOTIFICATION-TYPEOBJECTS {ifIndex}STATUS currentDESCRIPTION
“A linkUp trap signifies that the entity has detected that the ifOperStatus object has changed to Up”
::={snmpTraps 4}
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MIB-IIDefines the variables to manage the TCP/IP
Protocol Stack.Doesn’t define the layer below IP, nor the
application on the top of transport layer.There are 170 variables being defined in
MIB-II, mostly read-only.Defined based on SMIv1.
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Design CriteriaEssential for Fault or Configuration
ManagementOnly weak control objectsSmall number of object are definedAvoid RedundancyEvidence on utilityDo not disturb normal operationNo implementation specific issues
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Structure
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MIB-II Groups in a Protocol Stack
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SYSTEMSYSTEM
TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION
INTERFACESINTERFACES
System Group
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sysServices
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physical layer (e.g. repeaters)
data-link layer (e.g. bridges)
internet layer (e.g. IP routers)
end-to-end (e.g. IP hosts)
application (e.g. nfs servers)
System Group Example sysDescr: Hardware: x86 Family 15 Model 4
Stepping 7 AT/AT COMPATIBLE - Software: Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600 Multiprocessor Free)
sysObjectID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.1.1.3.1.1
sysUpTime: 37153422 (4 days, 7 h, 12 min, 14.22 s)
sysContact: [email protected]
sysName: DEDI
sysLocation: Lab407-2
sysServices: 76
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ConclusionSNMP become the most popular Network
Management System for INTERNET world.The current SNMP used: SNMPv1,
SNMPv2c, and some SNMPv3.The current SMI used: SMIv2The current MIB used: MIB-2
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ReferencesAiko Pras, (2000). Internet Management
Protocol, http://www.simpleweb.org . Centre for Telematics and Information Technology, University of Twente, Netherland.
Gilbert Held, (2000). Managing TCP/IP Networks: Technique, Tools and Security Consideration. John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
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