network topoligies
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TRANSCRIPT
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Presentation of Information Technology
Presented To:
Sir Salman Ashar
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Group Members:
• Mirza Ali Raza. 90
• Syed Ali Kamran. 50
• M.Jafar Tayar. 48
• Hussain zain-ul- abiden. 85
• Amjad Abbas. 71
• Samiullah warrich. 62
• Raja shoaib Azam 59
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Presentation Outline:
Networks.(LAN,MAN,WAN)
Interconnecting/Linking Devices
Signals.
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Network: A computer network is a system for communication between computers.
Components of Networks: People.
Hard ware.
Software.
connectivity.
Procedure.
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Network Diagram:
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Local Area Network:A local area network is data communication system in a limited geographical area. Like a home, office, or small group of buildings
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Metro-Politan Area Network:
A Metro-politan area network is a network designed to extend over an entire city.
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Wide Area Network:
A wide area network provides long distance transmission of data over a large geographical areas Comprising a country,a continent or the whole world.The most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet.
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Network Topology:
. The logical layout of the cables and devices that connects the nodes of a computer.
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Star Topology.
Bus Topology.
Ring Topology.
Mesh topology.
Tree Topology.
Hybrid Topology.
Types of Topologies:
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Bus Topology:All devices are connected to a central cable, called the bus or
backbone.
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Star Topology:
All devices are connected to a central hub.Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub.
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Ring Topology:
All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it.
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Mesh Topology:
In a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network
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Tree Topology:
Tree topologies integrate multiple star topologies together onto a bus.
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Hybrid Topology:
A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for Hybrid network are: star ring network and star bus network.
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Linking devices:
A type of linking mechanism needed to interconnect at least two computers.They are used to create a network. For example Cables,Switches or Hubs.
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Connecting Devices
Networking Devices Networking Devices Internetworking DevicesInternetworking Devices
Repeaters Bridges Routers Repeaters Bridges Routers Gateways Gateways
Repeater Bridges Routers Gateways
Networking Devices Internetworking Devices
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Repeaters : A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss.
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Bridges :
A Bridge is an interface used to connect the same types of networks.
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Bridges Diagram:
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1) Simple Bridge
1) Multipoint Bridge
2) Transparent / Learning Bridge
Types of Bridges:
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Router :
A Router is a special computer that directs communicating messages when several networks are connected together.
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Routing concepts
Least cost Routing
Non adaptive Routing
Adaptive Routing
Routing:
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Gateways:
A Gateway is an interface permitting communication between dissimilar networks.
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Other Devices:
• Multiprotocol Routers
• Brouters
• Switches
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MULTIPROTOCOL ROUTERS:
Multiprotocol routers have been designed to route packets belonging to two or more protocols
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BROUTER:
A Brouter is a single protocol or multi protocol router that sometimes acts as a router and sometimes as a bridge.
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Switches :
Switches are the hardware or software devices capable of creating temporary links between two or more devices linking to the switch but not to each.
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Hubs:A Hub is the simple connection point for different type of devices on a network. It sends all the data to all devices connected to it.
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Nodes:
Any device that is attached to a network.A node may be a microcomputer,terminal,storage device or peripheral device which enhance the usefulness of the network.
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Signals:The electronic transformation of data and information through a medium is called signal.
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Types of Signals:
i) Analog signal.
ii) Digital signal.
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Analog signals:
The transformation of data in the form of waves.
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Digital signals:
The signals which travels in form of 0s and 1s .
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Periodic signal:Periodic signals consist of a continuously repeated pattern.
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Aperiodic signal:
Aperiodic signals consist of a non repeated pattern.
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Types of Analog signal:
Simple signal.
Composite signal.
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Simple Signal:
A simple analog signals consist of a single sine wave or a single frequency signals.
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Composite signals:
The signals which composed of more than one sine waves having different frequencies.
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Frequency spectrum and bandwidth:
The frequency spectrum of a signals is the collection of all the component frequencies that it contain .
The bandwidth of a signal is the width of frequency spectrum.
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Digital Signal:
The signals which travels in form of 0s and 1s .
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Bit interval and bit rate:
The bit interval is the time required to send a single bit.
The bit rate is number of bit intervals per second,usually expressed in bits per second.
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Any Questions?
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Thank You.