NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Made by - Gaurav Yadav Class - X - D

Network Topology Network topology is the arrangement of

the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. Essentially, it is the topological structure of a network, and may be depicted physically or logically. Physical topology refers to the placement of the network's various components, including device location and cable installation, while logical topology shows how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design

Types Of Network Topology

Topology

Physical

BusStarRingTreeMesh

Logical/Wireles

s

Types Of Physical Topology

Bus Topology

Ring TopologyStar Topology

Tree TopologyMesh Topology

Bus Topology In local area networks where bus topology is

used, each node is connected to a single cable. Each computer or server is connected to the single bus cable. A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is accepted. Since the bus topology consists of only one wire, it is rather inexpensive to implement. Terminators stop signals after reaching end of wire

Advantages-

Relatively inexpensive to implementEasy to install and use.Cables are less used then star or ring topology.

Disadvantages-

Disorder in any node may lead to failure of entire data transmission.

It is difficult to add a new node to the structure.

Bus Topology

Star topology

In local area networks with a star topology, each network host is connected to a central hub with a point-to-point connection. In Star topology every node (computer workstation or any other peripheral) is connected to central node called hub or switch. The switch is the server and the peripherals are the clients. The network does not necessarily have to resemble a star to be classified as a star network, but all of the nodes on the network must be connected to one central device. All traffic that traverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal repeater. The star topology is considered the easiest topology to design and implement.

Advantages- An advantage of the star topology is the

simplicity of adding additional nodes. Good option for modern networks Low startup costs Easy to manage Offers opportunities for expansion Most popular topology in use; wide variety of

equipment available

Disadvantages- Hub is a single point of failure Requires more cable than the bus

Star Topology

Ring Topology A network topology that is set up in a

circular fashion in which data travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the ring acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to travel around the ring. When a device sends data, it must travel through each device on the ring until it reaches its destination. Every node is a critical link.

Advantages- Easier to manage; easier to locate a

defective node or cable problem Handles high-volume network traffic Enables reliable communication

Disadvantage- Expensive Requires more cable and network

equipment at the start Not used as widely as bus topology

Fewer equipment options

Ring Topology

Tree Topology This particular type of network topology is

based on a hierarchy of nodes. The highest level of any tree network consists of a single, 'root' node, this node connected either a single (or, more commonly, multiple) node(s) in the level below by (a) point-to-point link(s). These lower level nodes are also connected to a single or multiple nodes in the next level down. Each node in the network has a specific, fixed number of nodes connected to it at the next lower level in the hierarchy, this number referred to as the 'branching factor' of the tree

Advantages – It is scalable. Secondary nodes allow more

devices to be connected to a central node. Point to point connection of devices. Having different levels of the network makes

it more manageable hence easier fault identification and isolation.

Disadvantages- Maintenance of the network may be an issue

when the network spans a great area. Since it is a variation of bus topology, if the

backbone fails, the entire network is crippled.

Tree Topology

Mesh topology It is also known as graph topology. In this

topology each node is connected in another node “Directly". So there is a mesh in the network as there are so many wires that are connected to each and every node.

Fully Connected- A fully connected network is a communication network in which each of the nodes is connected to each other. A fully connected network doesn't need to use switching nor broadcasting.

Partially Connected- The type of network topology in which some of the nodes of the network are connected to more than one other node in the network with a point-to-point link.

Fully Connected Mesh Topology

Partially Connected Mesh Topology

Network Operating System

Network operating systems co-ordinate the activities of multiple computers across a network

The two major types of network OS are: Peer-to-peer Client/server

Peer To Peer Network OS

In peer to peer network OS, there is no file server or central management source; all computers are considered equal

Peer to peer networks are design primarily for small to medium LANS

AppleShare and Windows for Workgroups are examples of programs that can function as peer to peer

Client/Server Network OS Client/server network OS

centralize functions and applications in one or more dedicated file servers.

The file server provides access to resources and provides security.

Novel Netware and Windows NT Server are examples of client/server network operating systems.

M.C.Q Which is the simplest topology to design and

implement? (a)Star topology (b)Ring topology Ans. (a)Star topology

What is the device used to connect different computer in star topology ?

(a)Hub (b)Server Ans. (a)Hub

Mesh topology is of _______ types. (a)three (b)two Ans. (b)two

In case of failure of one node in ring topology the whole system crashes

(a)True (b)False

Ans. (b)False

In ______topology each node is connected to a single cable?

(a)Bus (b)Ring Ans.(a)Bus

There are ______ Physical Topologies. (a)Four (b)Five Ans. (b) Five

Computer which asks for services are ? (a)Client (b)Providers Ans. (a)Client

Computer which provide services to the client is called __________

a)Client (b)Service Providers

Ans. (b)Service Provider

If the hub(in star topology) fails the network also experience a failure.

(a)True (b)False Ans. (a)True

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